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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for the determination of the isotype and the specificity of Bordetella pertussis serum antibodies induced by natural infection and by vaccination. In a previous study (J. Med. Microbiol., 16, 417-426 (1984)) it was shown that the presence of pertussis serum IgA antibodies could be used as an indicator of infection: IgA antibodies were not induced by vaccination nor transported from the mother to the serum of the child. In the present study ELISA was used for the determination of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies. From the results obtained with sera from suspected pertussis cases, it was concluded that antibodies against FHA are hardly induced by infection, in contrast to anti-LPF (determined in a fetuin sandwich ELISA) and anti-LPS antibodies. In view of the lower standard deviation of the mean anti-LPF antibody titer these antibodies were studied more extensively. From a number of bacteriologically proved pertussis cases, it was shown that high levels of IgG anti-LPF antibodies were found before IgA antibodies could be detected. On the other hand, we had the impression that IgG antibodies declined more rapidly than IgA antibodies. One has, however, to take into account that IgG antibodies are transferred from mother to child. From assay of sera from infants prior to, during and two months after vaccination (ages of vaccination: 3, 4, 5 and 12 months) it was concluded that IgG anti-LPF antibodies were induced to a much lower level by DTP-polio vaccination (10 O.U. per dose) than by natural infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Improved serodiagnosis of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis by determination of IgG anti-LPF antibody levels. 287 20

Cooperating with pediatricians in private practice and in hospitals, we tried to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of three serological methods for the detection of antibodies to Bordetella pertussis. The tests employed were a microagglutination, a complement fixation and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to measure specific IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE with whole B. pertussis phase I cells as an antigen. In addition, sera were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to respiratory-syncytial (RS) virus. Microbiological procedures also were used to detect B. pertussis in pernasal swabs. Single sera from 259 children and adults with suspected whooping cough were tested. Of these 117 samples did not contain any measurable antibodies to B. pertussis (45%) and only four sera of this group exhibited complement-fixing antibodies to RS-virus (3%). Antibodies to B. pertussis could be found in the sera of 142 patients. In this group, complement-fixing antibodies to RS-virus were detected in 23 sera (16%). Comparing the methods used to measure antibodies to B. pertussis showed that the ELISA was the most sensitive test, followed by complement fixation and microagglutination. In 21 additional cases, paired sera and several swabs could be obtained from individual patients. These data allowed us to follow the antibody response to B. pertussis during whooping cough, which seemed to be characterized by a relatively late onset with a subsequent rapid increase of initially IgM and IgA and then IgG antibodies. Analogously, the titers of complement-fixing and agglutinating antibodies increased during the later stages of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serological diagnosis of whooping cough. 287 21

IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to lymphocytosis promoting factor and fimbriae were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in seropositive and/or culture-positive patients without symptoms of pertussis, culture-negative patients with typical whooping cough symptoms, and culture-positive patients with typical symptoms. The culture-negative patients with typical symptoms had higher antibody levels in the first specimens and stronger responses to these antigens than the other patients. Antibody levels in the first specimens and antibody responses did not correlate with patients' age and duration of symptoms before taking of the first specimens. Thus, no correlation occurred between the symptoms of pertussis and antibody levels or antibody responses to fimbriae or lymphocytosis promoting factor. Bacteria were less likely to be isolated from those with strong antibody responses and this stresses the need of using both isolation and serology in the diagnosis of pertussis.
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PMID:Class-specific antibody response to lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and fimbriae (F) in pertussis. 287 22

The serum antibody responses of vaccinated children and whooping cough patients to the highly purified Bordetella pertussis antigens, leukocytosis-promoting factor (LPF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a protein binding to complement-fixing antibodies induced during whooping cough (PBCA) and to a partly purified filamentous hemagglutinin fraction (FHA) were analysed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the IgG antibodies, those to FHA and LPS were often persistent both after infection and vaccination. The mean titers were about six to ten times higher after disease than after vaccination in corresponding age groups. IgG antibodies to LPF were frequently detected in high titers in patients (mean arbitrary units = 1723), but seldom in low titers (mean units = 20), after vaccination. IgG antibodies to PBCA disappeared some years after vaccination. IgM antibodies to PBCA, FHA and LPS were present in almost 100% after vaccination and disease. IgM antibodies to LPF were detected in 23% of the vaccinated and in 83% of the patients. The respective mean IgM units to PBCA, FHA, LPS and LPF were 14, 13, 16 and 134 times higher in patients than in vaccinated children. None of the vaccinated children and 20% of the patients had IgA antibodies to LPF. No pronounced differences in the percentage of the respective IgA responses to PBCA, the FHA fraction and LPS were found between the two groups. The striking differences in the immune response of vaccinated children and patients were to LPF. Since whooping cough protects better than vaccination against B. pertussis infection, the present study indicates that immunogenic LPF should be included in an acellular vaccine. Also addition of FHA, PBCA and possibly even of LPS, if it can be prepared in an immunogenic and atoxic form, might be necessary in order to prepare a highly effective acellular vaccine.
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PMID:Antibody responses after vaccination and disease against leukocytosis promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide and a protein binding to complement-fixing antibodies induced during whooping cough. 287 24

An orally administered, killed whole cell pertussis vaccine was developed which proved to be safe and potent in animal experiments. This vaccine was studied in limited field trials in Austria. In these field trials 1 X 10(12) bacterial cells were given orally on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 after birth with an oral booster of 1 X 10(12) cells given at six weeks. This vaccine was tolerated without side effects in more than 20,000 newborns, did induce a specific immune response including anti-pertussis IgG in serum, anti-pertussis IgA in saliva and specific pertussis mitogen stimulation. This immune response occurred significantly earlier in the orally but not in the parenterally vaccinated group. In addition, anti-pertussis antibodies in saliva were not induced in the parenterally vaccinated group. Pertussis morbidity in 11,192 orally vaccinated infants was compared to 3496 infants who did not receive oral vaccination and was found to be significantly lower for up to one year. There was no overall difference between orally and non-orally vaccinated infants as far as pertussis hospitalization and verified pertussis infection after one year was concerned.
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PMID:Development and clinical use of an oral heat-inactivated whole cell pertussis vaccine. 287 29

During a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled, culture- or direct fluorescent-antibody-confirmed cases were identified in 24 residents and 17 staff members; 38 (93%) were culture positive for Bordetella pertussis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum IgG and IgA to the filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting factor of B. pertussis. Using criteria from ELISA values, we identified an additional 83 residents and 28 staff members as seropositive. Among seropositive persons, antibody levels were elevated by the time of onset of respiratory symptoms and, in three of the four assays, remained elevated for 14 mo. In 44 seropositive persons tested within two weeks of onset of symptoms, 80% were culture positive, compared with 33% of 15 tested two to four weeks after onset (P = .003) and none of 15 tested more than four weeks after onset. The most specific (94%) clinical case definition identified only 41% of seropositive persons. Thus, ELISAs are important tools for individual diagnosis and epidemiological studies of pertussis.
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PMID:A comparison of laboratory and clinical methods for diagnosing pertussis in an outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled. 289 28

Serum antibody response to pertussis toxin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 172 patients with clinical symptoms typical of whooping cough. The diagnosis was verified by culture in 100 patients. Serum antibodies were either not detectable or present only at low levels in sera obtained in the early stage of disease. Significant changes in serum levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA were demonstrated in 143 patients (83%). The lack of comparable increases in most of the other patients may be due to inappropriate timing of serum collection. Thus, detection of antibodies against pertussis toxin in paired serum samples can be used for serological diagnosis of pertussis. However, the presence of IgM and/or IgA in a single serum sample does not confirm a diagnosis of pertussis, since such antibodies were found in healthy adults as well as in patients two years after the disease. High levels of these antibodies are, however, suggestive of on-going or recent disease.
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PMID:Antibody response to pertussis toxin in patients with clinical pertussis measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 289 27

To help develop better diagnostic tests for pertussis, we examined the serologic response to whole-cell proteins of Bordetella pertussis after natural infection or vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Serum specimens collected during a pertussis outbreak investigation and from uninfected persons were used in Western blot (immunoblot) analyses to determine the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to specific B. pertussis proteins. IgG antibodies to proteins of molecular masses 220 and 210 kilodaltons (kDa) were detected in 14 of 18 serum samples obtained from patients with culture-confirmed pertussis greater than or equal to 40 days after the onset of coughing. IgA antibodies were detected in 15 of the 18 samples. Of 19 serum samples obtained from patients who had not been ill with pertussis, 6 contained IgG antibodies to these proteins and 1 contained IgA antibodies. The two proteins bound antiserum specific for filamentous hemagglutinin and comigrated with purified filamentous hemagglutinin. IgG antibodies to two additional protein bands of molecular masses 84 and 75 kDa were associated with previous vaccination. Antibody to the 84-kDa protein was detected in 15 of 17 vaccinated, never-infected persons, and antibody to the 75-kDa protein was detected in 16 of the 17. None of 11 nonvaccinated, never-infected persons tested had antibodies to either protein. All seven fully vaccinated persons with culture-documented infection had antibodies to both proteins. Antibodies to the 84-kDa protein were detected in 6 of 22 nonvaccinated and infected persons, and antibodies to the 75-kDa protein were detected in 8 of the 22. Use of Western blot analysis in this study allowed us to distinguish antibody responses to infection and immunization.
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PMID:Immunoblot analysis of humoral immune responses following infection with Bordetella pertussis or immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. 290 Aug 46

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA response to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) and a neutralization test (NT) in a microplate tissue culture assay for neutralizing antibodies to PT were evaluated in paired sera from 90 patients with culture-confirmed pertussis. Eighty patients were children (age, less than 15 years), and 6 of 80 children had been immunized with three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine as infants. A significant titer rise (greater than or equal to twofold), determined by ELISA, of IgG, IgM, and IgA to FHA was recorded in 75 (83%), 28 (31%), and 47 (52%) of the patients, respectively. A significant titer rise to PT in IgG was found in 83 (92%), IgM in 29 (32%), and IgA in 44 (49%) of the patients. A significant titer rise to FHA or PT in IgG was found in 88 (98%) of the patients, in combination with a significant rise in the titer of IgA to FHA. These data were obtained in a single serum dilution of 1:500. Titrations performed later showed that the titer rise to FHA in IgG was a mean of 6.5-fold, which was significantly lower than the mean 67.0-fold rise in IgG to PT (P less than 0.001). The mean titer of IgG to FHA in convalescent-phase serum was 270, which was also significantly lower than the mean PT titer of 2,943 (P less than 0.001). A significant rise (greater than or equal to fourfold) in PT titer by NT was found in 58 of 83 (70%) of the patients. The NT was significantly less sensitive than the ELISA for the determination of the IgG titer to PT ( P< 0.001). Results showed that a 100% (90 of 90) sensitivity in terms of titer rises was achieved in the serologic diagnosis of pertussis by ELISA in a single-point determination of the IgG and IgA responses to FHA and of the IgG response to PT.
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PMID:Evaluation of serologic assays for diagnosis of whooping cough. 290 78

Pernasal aspirate (PNA) was obtained from 543 children during a 6-month period when whooping cough was prevalent. Three tests for diagnosing pertussis were performed on the PNA: (a) examination of direct smears by immunofluorescence (IF) for Bordetella pertussis; (b) culture; and (c) estimation of B. pertussis-specific immunoglobulin-A antibody (P-IgA) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On clinical review, 395 children were assessed to have had pertussis (P children) and 148 children not to have had pertussis (non-P children). The non-P children comprised 66 admitted to hospital for acute respiratory infections and 82 outpatients suspected of having pertussis. Analysis of the results of the tests on the PNAs of the non-P children helped to assess the P-IgA test. The analysis showed that artificial immunisation against pertussis did not affect the antibody results, but that non-specific positive results occur requiring the labelling of many P-IgA results as "doubtful". Among the 395 P children, 36% yielded positive cultures and more than half of these also had positive IF tests. The ELISA for P-IgA was positive in 24% of all the P children, equivalent to nearly 40% of the culture-negative P children. For the 148 non-P children, IF and culture-negative by definition, the P-IgA test was positive in 9%. The antibody test result was doubtful in 28% of the P children and in 40% of the non-P children. Estimation of P-IgA antibodies in PNA is a useful and economic complement to culture and IF in the diagnosis of pertussis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Whooping cough diagnosis: a clinical evaluation of complementing culture and immunofluorescence with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pertussis immunoglobulin A in nasopharyngeal secretions. 290 1


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