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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incidental to a vaccine study involving 783 immunized children conducted at two study sites, inner city children had significantly higher geometric mean pertussis agglutinin titers compared with suburban children just before the fourth dose of diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine (47 vs. 25; P less than 0.001). Higher titers in the inner city were correlated with residence in census tracts where cases of pertussis were reported. Three hundred thirty-two children in a placebo arm of the study who were clinically observed and had paired serum samples taken during a 2- to 4-month period were analyzed for evidence of natural Bordetella infection. Twelve (11%) inner city children and three (1.3%) suburban children had spontaneous 4-fold or greater rises in at least two different pertussis antibodies measured (agglutinin, antitoxin or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG to pertussis toxin, IgG and IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin). Eighty percent of these children had IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin. Nine of 12 inner city children with serologic evidence of pertussis lived within 6 blocks of a case of pertussis reported within 1 month of the observed antibody rise in study subjects; none had a household member with pertussis and none had symptomatic disease.
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PMID:Serologic evidence of subclinical pertussis in immunized children. 223 42

Immunization with the B oligomer of pertussis toxin protected neonatal mice from a lethal respiratory challenge with Bordetella pertussis. All mice immunized with 8 micrograms of B oligomer survived aerosol challenge and had peripheral leukocyte counts and weight gains similar to those of mice immunized with pertussis toxoid before challenge and to those of control mice that were not challenged. Unprotected mice challenged with an aerosol of B. pertussis had an increase in peripheral leukocyte count, failed to gain weight, and died within 21 days of challenge. Protection appeared to be dose dependent, since a dose of 1 microgram of B oligomer per mouse prevented death in 100% of the mice challenged with B. pertussis, whereas 0.4 micrograms of B oligomer protected 50% of the challenged mice. Mice immunized with the B oligomer had increases in immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-B oligomer in sera and in IgG and IgA anti-B oligomer in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids 1 to 3 weeks after respiratory challenge. Specific anti-B oligomer antibodies could not be detected in unimmunized, infected mice at the same time after challenge. Intravenous administration of the monoclonal antibody 170C4, which binds to the S3 subunit of the B oligomer, protected neonatal mice from B. pertussis respiratory challenge, while administration of an IgG1 anti-tetanus toxin monoclonal antibody, 18.1.7, was not protective. We conclude that anti-B-oligomer-mediated neutralization of pertussis toxin is one mechanism of protection in the mouse model of B. pertussis aerosol challenge.
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PMID:Mechanism of pertussis toxin B oligomer-mediated protection against Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection. 225 30

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a cell surface protein of Bordetella pertussis which functions as an adhesin for this organism. It is a component of many new acellular pertussis vaccines. The proposed role of FHA in immunity to pertussis is based on animal studies which have produced some conflicting results. To clarify this situation, we reexamined the protective activity of FHA in an adult mouse respiratory infection model. Four-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with one or two doses of 4 or 8 micrograms of FHA and then aerosol challenged with B. pertussis Tohama I. In control mice receiving tetanus toxoid, the CFU in the lungs increased from 10(5) immediately following infection to greater than 10(6) by days 5 and 9 after challenge. Mice immunized with FHA by the intraperitoneal or intramuscular route had significantly reduced bacterial colonization in the lungs. A decrease in colonization of the trachea was also observed in FHA-immunized mice. Evaluation of antibody responses in these mice revealed high titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM to FHA in sera and of IgG to FHA in lung lavage fluids. No IgA to FHA was detected. BALB/c mice were also passively immunized intravenously with either goat or rat antibodies to FHA and then aerosol challenged 24 h later, when anti-FHA antibodies were detected in the respiratory tract. Lung and tracheal colonization was markedly reduced in mice immunized with FHA-specific antibodies compared with those receiving control antibodies. In additional studies, the role of FHA in the colonization of the mouse respiratory tract was evaluated by using strain BP101, an FHA mutant of B. pertussis. FHA was important in the initial colonization of the mouse trachea, but was not required for colonization of the trachea later in the infection. FHA was not a factor in colonization of the lungs. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate (i) that systemic immunization with FHA can provide significant protection against B. pertussis infection in both the lower and upper respiratory tract of mice as defined by the lungs and trachea, respectively; (ii) that this protection is mediated primarily by serum antibodies to FHA, which transudate into respiratory secretions; and (iii) that FHA is an important upper respiratory tract colonization factor. These studies provide further evidence for the role of FHA in pertussis pathogenesis and immunity.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin: evaluation as a protective antigen and colonization factor in a mouse respiratory infection model. 229 58

The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between parental information on the child's history of whooping cough and the presence or absence of serum antibodies against two antigens of Bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, in nonvaccinated Swedish children. The parents of 266 Swedish children aged 1 to 4 years answered a questionnaire regarding the child's history of whooping cough, and a serum sample was obtained from the child for determination of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. The study was performed from 1984 to 1986, five to seven years after the cessation of general vaccination against pertussis in Sweden; none of the children had received pertussis vaccine. Antibodies to both toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin increased with age. Of the children aged 4 years, 50% had antibodies to both antigens. Of all 266 children, 100 had antibodies to both antigens, 6 to toxin alone, and 49 to filamentous hemagglutinin alone. There was a good correlation between the presence of antibodies and a history of whooping cough. Of 91 children with a history of whooping cough, 77 had antibodies against both antigens and 13 against one antigen; only one child lacked detectable antibodies against both antigens. Of the 175 children with no history of whooping cough, 110 lacked detectable antibodies to both antigens, 23 had antibodies to both, 2 to toxin alone, and 40 to filamentous hemagglutinin alone. The data indicate that parental information on a previous history of whooping cough in their nonimmunized child is reliable, and that many infections with B. pertussis are subclinical or atypical. Exposure to other Bordetella species than B. pertussis, which is the only toxin-producing species, might be important for the development of FHA antibodies. A follow-up 2 to 4 years after the collection of serum samples of children without a history of whooping cough but with antibodies to one or both antigens indicated that serum antibodies to toxin, but not to filamentous hemagglutinin, may be protective against disease.
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PMID:History of whooping cough in nonvaccinated Swedish children, related to serum antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. 238 Aug 41

Four children with pertussis and their 18 family members were subjects of a 1-year study to detect infection and antibody responses to Bordetella pertussis. Attack rate for pertussis infection in contacts was 83%. Two-thirds of cases in these immunized contacts were subclinical. All infected family contacts had diagnostically elevated serologic tests for pertussis at the time the index case was diagnosed. Culture identified only 20% of infected contacts. Infected individuals had a mean of 5.5 of 10 antibody tests diagnostic for recent infection. ELISA assay for IgG to pertussis toxin and assay for IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin on serum and nasal secretions were the most discriminating diagnostic tests. Index cases and immunized contacts had different type and timing of antibody responses, making a single assay or sampling unable to identify all infected individuals. Symptomatic infection was characterized by higher magnitude of pertussis toxin antibody response and asymptomatic infection by filamentous hemagglutinin. After pertussis immunization, immunity to disease is greater than is protection from infection.
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PMID:Widespread silent transmission of pertussis in families: antibody correlates of infection and symptomatology. 217 22

IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies to Bordetella pertussis were measured in paired sera from 34 patients who were culture-positive for pertussis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with disrupted B. pertussis bacteria, purified pertussis toxin, or outer membrane proteins (OMP) as antigens. Paired sera from 50 patients with other respiratory infections were used as controls. The sensitivities of the assays from paired sera were 61%, 90%, and 90% and specificities were 98%, 92%, and 72%, respectively. Of the patients culture-positive for pertussis, 68% had positive levels of antibody to pertussis toxin antigen in their first serum samples, obtained at the same time as samples for culture. Infants had antibody responses to pertussis toxin antigen, in contrast to weak antibody responses measured by B. pertussis antigen. The results from this study indicate that ELISA, especially measuring pertussis toxin IgA, is a valuable additional tool for diagnosing pertussis and can be used as a complementary test with cultures.
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PMID:Serologic diagnosis of pertussis: evaluation of pertussis toxin and other antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 232 47

Two plasmids which express either nearly intact or truncated filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) from Bordetella pertussis and which are marked with a tetracycline resistance (Tcr) gene were transformed into Salmonella dublin SL1438, an aroA deletion mutant intended for use as an attenuated oral vaccine against salmonellosis. These S. dublin recombinants, when fed to mice, induced serum immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and sometimes IgA antibody responses to FHA and S. dublin. In addition, IgA antibodies against FHA were found in gut wash fluids. S. dublin carrying pDB2300, a multicopy plasmid encoding truncated FHA protein, induced a better antibody response than did S. dublin carrying pDB2000, a low-copy-number plasmid encoding full-sized FHA. Administration of tetracycline to mice enhanced the stability of recombinant plasmids, and tetracycline-treated mice developed higher anti-FHA titers. Although neither strain examined is suitable for use in a human oral vaccine, these data demonstrated that an immune response against B. pertussis FHA could be induced by oral administration of live attenuated recombinant strains of S. dublin and suggested that development of a live oral attenuated vaccine against pertussis may be possible.
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PMID:Murine antibody response to oral infection with live aroA recombinant Salmonella dublin vaccine strains expressing filamentous hemagglutinin antigen from Bordetella pertussis. 237 Jan 5

A microplate enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against pertussis toxin, using fetuin as a spacer-layer between the solid phase and pertussis toxin, was compared to a method using pertussis toxin alone as antigen. Antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA classes were studied in paired human sera. Raised antibody levels were demonstrated for ten children suffering from whooping cough. Antibody levels in sera from 20 healthy 4-year-old children showed high correlation to earlier experienced pertussis. No significant antibody titer changes against pertussis toxin were seen in children with adenovirus infection. The investigation shows that precoating with fetuin improves the sensitivity of the method as much as 5-30 times and makes the method useful in serological diagnosis of whooping cough.
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PMID:An enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay method for detection of immunoglobulins to pertussis toxin. 243 65

Children under 2 years of age are most susceptible to acute respiratory infections caused by Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. We analysed milk samples and sera from mother-infant pairs for specific antibodies that may enhance protection against the bacterial pathogens. The results show that the breast-milk samples contained significant titres of specific IgG and IgA antibodies to the four organisms, although the mean IgG antibody levels were higher in maternal sera than in breast-milk. On the other hand, the mean IgA antibody levels to the four organisms were higher in breast-milk than in both maternal and infant sera. IgM antibodies to these organisms were relatively low or absent in many milk and serum samples. Nevertheless, the significant concentrations of specific IgG and IgA antibodies in milk samples may indicate a protective role for breast-milk against the four infections in early childhood.
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PMID:Class-specific antibodies to Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in human breast-milk and maternal-infant sera. 248 4

The effectiveness of adsorbed DPT vaccine manufactured in the USSR, evaluated by its capacity of inducing the formation of the main classes of immunoglobulins and by the duration of immune response to the acellular complex of protective antigens (pertussis toxin and agglutinogen-2), was studied with the use of modified EIA. Out of 273 children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine in the course of this study, 87.2% had IgG-antibodies, 14.1% had IgA-antibodies and 3.2% of the children had IgM-antibodies. The level of immunity in children having received the full course of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine was significantly higher in comparison with children given only the primary course of immunization and nonimmunized children of the same age. Antipertussis immunity was found to decrease two years after the completion of the course of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine and in children over 5-6 years of age. Adsorbed DPT vaccine prevented the disease, but not infection. The level of postinfection immunity was higher than that of postvaccinal immunity.
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PMID:[Evaluation of postvaccinal pertussis immunity by using immunoenzyme analysis]. 254 Jun


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