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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When mice were injected intracerebrally with doses of Bordetella pertussis vaccine greater than 5 ImD 50 and challenged intracerebrally 14 days later with virulent B. pertussis there was an immediate reduction in the numbers of organisms. An analysis of this in vivo bactericidal effect has shown that large doses of an unrelated vaccine, Salmonella typhosa, equivalent in cell mass to about 50 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine can achieve this effect, so for such doses the effect must be partly non-specific. This action is not maintained and so is not ultimately protective. Local immunoglobulin was also demonstrable 14 days after 300 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine but following smaller doses of 10-20 ImD 50 it could not be found until after the mice had been infected and the blood-brain barrier impaired. A similar immediate reduction in the numbers of infecting organisms inoculated 1 day after vaccination has been shown to follow very small, non-protective doses of vaccines unrelated to B. pertussis and to be achieved with lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin isolated from B. pertussis. Brains were not sterilized and only in mice receiving protective B. pertussis vaccine was the lowering of infection maintained beyond 2 days and the brains eventually sterilized. The antibody passively protecting mice against intracerebral infection was found in the 19S and 11 S globulin fractions of the serum of once-vaccinated mice and in the 11 S and 7 S fractions of the serum of rabbits and ascitic fluid of mice receiving repeated doses of vaccine. The IgM probably eliminated infections by immediate sterilization but had to be present locally to do so since it was unable to pass from the circulation into the brain, and was therefore inactive when injected intraperitoneally. The IgA and IgG were not so restricted and both the 11 S and 7 S globulins were capable of exerting an immediate suppressive effect on infecting organisms. The 7 S globulin was also capable of a maintained or delayed suppressive effect. Lymphocytes from fully protected once-vaccinated mice, transferred 2-3 weeks after intraperitoneal vaccination, were able to confer some protection when injected intraperitoneally or intracerebrally into recipient mice infected 2 weeks after transfer. Homologous, non-concentrated antiserum from once-vaccinated mice, injected intraperitoneally 1 hr. before infection sometimes augmented the transferred immunity, whereas alone it was inactive.
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PMID:The effects of humoral, cellular and non-specific immunity on intracerebral Bordetella pertussis infections in mice. 16 75

The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, lysozyme, agglutinins against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis were followed in the blood serum of 306 children 9--10 years old in 3 areas of Central Bohemian region. In children dwelling in areas with more polluted air significantly higher levels of serum lysozyme and of parapertussis antibodies were found by the t-test. The distribution of these values shows significant differences between more polluted areas in comparison with lower-pollution area also in Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The average levels of Ig approached statistically critical values but did not reach them, but significant differences in the distribution of values of IgG and IgA were shown by the F-test and chi2-test between lightly and heavily polluted areas. The values of immunological reactions in polluted areas were always higher than in the non-polluted group. This provides evidence for a hypothesis about a stimulatory effect of polluted air on immunological mechanisms in child population. The higher values of IgM observed recently by other authors in women were shown in girls of 9--10 years.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins under the influence of nonspecific factors. III. Immunoglobulins, pertussis antibodies and lysozyme in three child populations exposed to different air pollution. 18

Immunologic examination was done in 26 patients on to 20 years after posttraumatic splenectomy at the age of 3 to 6 years of life. Immunologic parameters used were: concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, isoagglutinins, heterophila antibodies, agglutinins against staphylococci E. coli and pertussis, serum opsonins for E. coli and pneumococci, serum haemolytic complement activity, C3C4, B- and T- subpopulations of lymphocytes, inhibition migration of mononnuclear cells with E. coli. Pathologic susceptibility to infections was not observed clinically. IgM, E. coli agglutinins and E. coli opsonins were significantly lower in the postsplenectomy group than in controls.
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PMID:[Immunologic examination after posttraumatic splenectomy in childhood (author's transl)]. 30 85

Mice were injected intraperitoneally with Sepharose 4B beads coupled with hapten NIP, and their anti-NIP response was studied by counting antibody forming cells and determining serum titers. Mice responded well to doses of 0.7 ml of packed beads but 0.3 and 1.2 doses induced much weaker responses. Anti-NIP titers in recipients of 0.7 ml of the antigen lasted nearly constant for at least 7 weeks. Both T cell status of the recipient and use of adjuvant had an effect on the response. Antigen without adjuvant induced primarily IgM antibodies in normal mice, but IgM and IgG in nude mice. When Hemophilus pertussis or polyacrylic acid was used as adjuvant both normal and nude mice produced IgM and IgG antibodies, and normal mice produced in addittion IgA antibodies.
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PMID:Immune response in mice to hapten conjugated sepharose. 32 Aug 23

Immunological reconstruction was studied in children aged 6 years after the second revaccination with absorbed, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (APDT) in a strictly controlled trial. Antipertussis protective antibodies were determined in the sera in the passive hemagglutination test and the antigen neutralization test, whose results were characterized by the following regularities: the average (1:160--1:640) and the high (1:1280 and over) antibody titres were recorded 1 to 1.5 months after the vaccination in 46.9--48.9% of the persons vaccinated. Determination of the changes of the immunoglobulins A, M, and G at various periods after the second revaccination demonstrated that 1 to 1.5 months after the revaccination (that is at the peak of the antipertussis antibodies formation) 55.7--50.0% of the children displayed an elevation of the IgA and IgM against the background of the IgG reduction in 69.7% of cases.
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PMID:[Immunologic transformation against pertussis in children following a second revaccination with ADPT-vaccine]. 85 15

The heterologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis system was used to determine the kinetics of appearance of IgE-producing cells in various lymphoid tissues of mice following intratracheal (i.t.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with tetanus toxoid and Bordetella pertussis organisms. Immunization, i.t. and i.p., produced similar patterns of response with the bronchial lymph nodes quantitatively exceeding the responses in other lymphoid tissues. In both cases the splenic lymphocyte response was second only to the bronchial and both appeared to parallel the serum PCA antibody. It is suggested that both responses represent draining lymph node responses since the bronchial lymph node drains both sites of immunization. After s.c. immunization a primary response of low order was found in the draining popliteal lymph node but not elsewhere. Although a dissociation was seen between responses obtained in various lymphoid tissues following s.c. and i.p. or i.t. immunization, no real evidence for a local mucosal response, such as has been reported for IgA, was obtained. These results lend experimental support to the observations that intratracheal and intraperitoneal immunization routes are most effective in production of IgE antibodies.
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PMID:Kinetics and localization of IgE tetanus antibody response in mice immunized by the intratracheal, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. 99 17

Cell-mediated immune response (CMI) and several aspects of humoral immune status and response were measured and related to nutritional status in preschool children in north India. CMI was measured by means of postvaccinal (BCG) tuberculin sensitivity and leucocytic blast cell transformation. Humoral immune response was measured by means of tetanus antibody production following vaccination with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Immunoglobulins A, G, and M and complement (C(3)) were also determined. CMI, serum IgA, and C(3) were found to be directly correlated with weight-for-age status.
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PMID:The effect of nutritional status on immune capacity and immune responses in preschool children in a rural community in India. 108 98

The high incidence of pertussis in the first year of life confirms that susceptibility remains high for children in this age group despite > 90% pertussis vaccine compliance. In this respect, immunoresponse to Bordetella pertussis was investigated. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibodies were studied due to their important protective role, in blocking the adherence of the bacteria to respiratory tract ciliated cells. The relative rate of detection and degree of positivity of IgG and IgA antibodies to Bordetella pertussis FHA were studied in maternal and infant sera and in colostrum samples of the respective mothers. The study comprised 143 mothers of child bearing age and 25 newborns. The highest percentages of serum IgG and IgA were present in the younger females group (15-25 yrs). Both IgG and IgA were detected in the same mother in 60% of them. The study showed that 96.9% of colostrum samples who were positive for IgA, were associated with IgA positivity in serum, also an increase in the degree of serum IgA positivity was associated with a higher rate of detection of IgA in colostrum. Maternal serum IgA could therefore be used as a marker for the future presence of IgA in colostrum. This work demonstrated that newborns show little passive immunity to pertussis, evidenced by the low placental transfer of IgG (35.7%) and the low rate of detection of IgA in the colostrum (41%). We concluded that, it would be advantageous to reimmunize pregnant women, without adequate serum antibody to Bordetella pertussis, with appropriate new vaccine which would offer a better passive immunity to their infants.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis FHA antibodies in maternal/infants sera and colostrum. 129 46

Pertussis toxin (PT) is considered an essential protective component for incorporation into new generation vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Traditionally, antipertussis vaccination has employed an intramuscular route. An alternative to this approach is to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses by oral immunization with live vaccine carrier strains of Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli. Recombinant S1 subunit of pertussis toxin was expressed in the attenuated aroA mutant of Salmonella typhimurium, SL3261, in the human typhoid vaccine strain Salmonella typhi Ty21a, and in E. coli CAG629 containing the Shigella flexneri plasmid pWR110, which encodes bacterial invasiveness of epithelial cells. Expression of recombinant PT S1 subunit (rPT-S1) did not affect in vitro invasiveness of the tested strains, which retained the ability to adhere to and invade the embryonic human intestinal cell line HI-407. Following oral immunization of mice with the live vaccine strains expressing rPT-S1, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM responses were monitored. IgG specific to PT was detected in serum samples of mice, while IgG and IgA specific to PT were detected in lung washes after oral immunization with living Salmonella spp. or E. coli (pWR110) expressing rPT-S1. Utilization of live oral vaccines expressing B. pertussis antigens, which stimulate both a systemic and lung mucosal response, may provide an attractive alternative to purified component vaccines against whooping cough.
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PMID:Specific lung mucosal and systemic immune responses after oral immunization of mice with Salmonella typhimurium aroA, Salmonella typhi Ty21a, and invasive Escherichia coli expressing recombinant pertussis toxin S1 subunit. 139 37

In the Swiss Sentinel System pertussis is reported according to a clinical case definition. In our Sentinel practice, we have investigated in detail nine patients fulfilling these criteria. Seven of the nine patients have previously been vaccinated with whole cell vaccine. The clinical diagnosis could be confirmed in three cases by the detection of elevated serum IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and in one infant based on the peripheral blood lymphocytosis and the detection of pertussis in other family members. The likely diagnosis in another brother and sister pair was a parainfluenza virus infection, possibly with concomitant pertussis. Two sisters probably had a mycoplasmal infection, which in one was accompanied by pertussis. In two patients an infectious etiology could not be determined. The laboratory tests which have been used in these cases are discussed. The occurrence of pertussis in previously vaccinated adolescents and adults has been recognized worldwide and is of epidemiological concern in view of current vaccination policies. The Swiss Sentinel System could play an important role in the surveillance of pertussis in Switzerland.
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PMID:[Pertussis in clinical practice--critical evaluation of diagnosis and epidemiology]. 141 12


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