Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-D) is capable of protecting infants against invasive H. influenzae diseases. Therefore it is very likely that it will be incorporated in routine vaccination schedules during the next few years. In order to test the suitability of simultaneous administration of PRP-D and other vaccines we administered it to 25 infants mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at 3, 4 and 6 months and simultaneously, but in a separate syringe, with inactivated polio vaccine at 12 months. A comparison group of equal size received only diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccines. The concentration of postvaccination antibodies to diphtheria toxoid was 0.411 IU/ml in the group that received PRP-D vs. 0.352 IU/ml in the comparison group, to tetanus toxoid 3.666 vs. 3.668 IU/ml and the neutralization titer to poliovirus type 1 was 370 vs. 320 units in the comparison group, to type 2 titer values were 230 vs. 270 units and to type 3, respectively, 210 vs. 290 units. Thus the seroresponse to antigens in routine vaccines was not affected by the presence of PRP-D in the vaccination schedule, and PRP-D can safely and effectively be included in the vaccination schedule of infancy.
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PMID:Simultaneous administration of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine with routine diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccinations of childhood. 326 14

A conjugate vaccine (Dpo20) was made by direct coupling of diphtheria toxoid and oligosaccharides obtained by periodate oxidation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. This approach gave a higher multiplicity of saccharides per protein and greater immunogenicity in infancy than our previously studied conjugates. Thirty-three healthy infants received three sequential injections, and no serious side effects were observed. When Dpo20 was given with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, the geometric mean titer of anticapsular antibody rose to 5.9 micrograms/ml at age 7 months. Dpo20 given at 3, 5, and 7 months raised the mean to 3.2 micrograms/ml at 7 months (after two injections) and 15.4 micrograms/ml at 10 months. The antibodies included IgG and were bactericidal in vitro. Thus, antibody activities potentially protective against invasive H. influenzae b infections were induced in the most susceptible age range. The infants also became primed for mature-for-age responses to (unconjugated) polysaccharide vaccine given as a booster at age 12 months.
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PMID:Priming and induction of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antibodies in early infancy by Dpo20, an oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. 349 99

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was studied both fundamentally and clinically in the field of pediatrics with following results. The MIC of CMNX for Bordetella pertussis was 0.10 micrograms/ml in inoculum size 10(6) cells/ml. Following administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of CMNX as drip infusion over 1 hour, the blood levels of the drug were 49.0 +/- 18.1 and 69.1 micrograms/ml at completion of infusion, 28.8 +/- 7.7 and 61.6 micrograms/ml at 1.5 hours, 23.6 +/- 9.3 and 44.1 +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.4 +/- 1.4 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at 7 hours, with T1/2 of 1.03 and 1.41 +/- 0.03 hours, respectively. Within the first 7 hours after administration, 61.4 +/- 8.2 and 55.9 +/- 0.8% of the drug dosed were excreted at active form in urine. In child with encephalitis, drug considered to be good as a cephem antibiotic was achieved in the cerebrospinal fluid (the ratio of the level in the cerebrospinal fluid to that in the serum was 7.3%). In addition, in the pus in empyema also high level was reached (its ratio against blood level was 53%). In the treatment of 31 cases of acute infections of pediatric field including upper and lower airway infections, empyema, whooping cough, acute urinary tract infections and phlegmon, CMNX was administered intravenously either as one shot injection as drip infusion. The clinical results obtained were rated as good or more in 93% of the cases and as fair or more in 100% of the cases. The main dosage of CMNX in these cases was about 60 to 70 mg/kg per day in 2 or 3 divided doses. S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and ABPC resistant strain of E. coli demonstrated in various materials could be eradicated after intravenous injection of CMNX. CMNX was administrated for a period of 2 to 16 days to a total amount of 1.5 to 26.5 g. In none of these cases side effects developed nor any abnormality was revealed by hematological findings or results of renal or liver function.
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PMID:[Study on a new cephamycin preparation cefminox in the field of pediatrics]. 383 61

BRL 25000 granules, a formulation consisting of amoxicillin (AMPC) and clavulanic acid (CVA), was evaluated in the field of pediatrics. In a pharmacokinetic study, serum concentrations were determined in a patient after oral administration of BRL 25000 granules in the non-fasting state at a dose of 11.76 mg/kg. The serum levels of amoxicillin (AMPC) and clavulanic acid (CVA) 1 hour after administration were 7.76 micrograms/ml and 6.64 micrograms/ml, with biological half-lives of 0.86 hour and 0.88 hour respectively. The serum concentration profile at a dose of 31.58 mg/kg showed almost the same tendency as at 11.76 mg/kg, although the peak level and biological half-life of the serum concentrations were not obtained. These serum levels and their peak levels were considered reasonable compared with those obtained in adults at similar dose levels. In clinical studies, 34 patients were evaluated including 8 patients with acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis, 1 patient with acute bronchitis, 1 patient with bronchopneumonia, 23 patients with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pertussis. BRL 25000 granules were administered orally 3-4 times per day for 4-8 days to 2 patients at doses of 20 approximately less than 30 mg/kg/day, to 18 patients at doses of 30 approximately less than 40 mg/kg/day, to 11 patients at doses of 40 less than approximately 50 mg/kg/day, and to 3 patients at doses of 50-60 mg/kg/day. The clinical response was assessed excellent in 13 cases and good in 21 cases giving an overall clinical efficacy rate of 100% (34/34). The causative organisms were isolated in 17 cases and included 12 strains of Streptococcus group A, 2 S. pneumoniae, 3 H. influenzae and 1 H. parainfluenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the field of pediatrics]. 400 50

A total of 7530 cases of whooping cough syndrome was bacteriologically examined from January 1978 through June 1983. Bordetella pertussis was confirmed by cultivation in 19, B. parapertussis in 284 and H. influenzae in 285 examinees. The total percentage of bacteriologically elucidated cases was 7.81%. Routine bacteriological screenings conducted during the same time period among the preschool children from Prague 10 (a total of 3651 children of 4-6 years of age were examined after the first or before the second revaccination) gave no positive isolation of B. pertussis, isolates of B. parapertussis and H. influenzae were obtained from 43 and 107 children, respectively. This comprehensive bacteriological examination helped identify the causative agent of whooping cough syndrome and reduced thus somewhat the number of cases of uncertain etiology.
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PMID:To the etiology of whooping cough syndrome. Part I: Bacteriological examinations. 609 57

64 healthy infants 2-3 months old, were randomly assigned to one of three vaccination groups which received either diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP) vaccine, or PRP + P (with pertussis adjuvant) vaccine in three doses at intervals of 2 months. Local and systemic reactions occurred most frequently after DPT vaccination and least frequently for PRP alone. Data for 60 infants from whom complete sera sets were available indicated that 70% of the infants who received three doses of PRP + P showed 2-fold or greater increases in titres of antibody to PRP with final values above the level assumed to give protection against invasive H. influenzae type b disease (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml). In contrast, less than 10% of the infants who received PRP vaccine alone showed 2-fold or greater increases.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in infants under one year of age. 611 55

Studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained. 1. Peak MIC of T-1982 against S. pyogenes (group A) lately isolated was 0.39 micrograms/ml, and the drug was active even against highly resistant strains of macrolides, lincomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. 2. Peak MICs of T-1982 were 0.78 microgram/ml against B. pertussis, 0.2 microgram/ml against E. coli and less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml against K. oxytoca, and the drug was also active against ampicillin-resistant bacteria. 3. Serum levels and urinary excretions of T-1982 were investigated in 6 cases. When given at a dose of 20-28 mg/kg by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion, serum concentrations of T-1982 attained the peak level of 63.5-75.9 micrograms/ml at the end of administration and sustained the level of 0.9-2.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, the serum half-life (T 1/2) ranging 70-82 minutes. Approximately 20-72% of the dose were excreted in the active form into urine within 6 hours. 4. Twenty-seven cases of acute pediatric infections were treated with T-1982 mainly by intravenous drip infusion, and satisfactory clinical results were obtained in all the cases of angina lacunaris, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pertussis, sepsis caused by Serratia and acute urinary tract infections caused by ampicillin-resistant E. coli. The efficacy rate was 96.3%. In this study the drug was administered chiefly at a daily dose of 50-70 mg/kg 2-3 times a day for 2-12 days. 5. Gram-positive cocci (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative rods (H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae P. vulgaris, B. pertussis, S. marcescens, E. coli) were eradicated by the treatment with T-1982. 6. No noticeable side effects were observed, except for temporary increase of eosinophil in 2 cases and slight elevation of GOT in 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperzone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, in the field of pediatrics]. 630 96

Bacteria of the species B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica have proved to be identical in their fatty-acid composition with a high level (35.7-39%) of methylene-hexadecanoic acid, found to be absent in B. pertussis in experimental conditions. At the same time the total content of methylene-hexadecanoic acid and its biosynthetic precursor, hexadecenoic acid, in the first two Bordetella species is similar to the content of hexadecenoic acid in B. pertussis, which, along with the presence of common characteristics in the sign under consideration (the low level of C18:1), indicates the close relationship of these three Bordetella species. Bacteria of the species H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, H. aegyptius, H. aphrophilus have similar fatty-acid composition with the prevalence of hexadecanoic and hexadecenoic acids and the low level of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms. The data on fatty-acid composition may suggest the presence of philogenetic links between the genera Bordetella and Haemophilus.
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PMID:[Taxonomic significance of the fatty acid composition of bacteria of the genera Bordetella and Haemophilus]. 632 84

The B. pertussis model of atopy as proposed by Szentivanyi in 1968 has been a starting point for much research involving the pathogenesis of COLD. Moreover, it supplied more insight into the pharmaco-therapeutic approach toward this group of diseases. In this review, it is shown that products of bacteria considered to be a constituent of the normal flora of the human upper respiratory tract, such as H. influenzae, elicit changes in adrenoceptor responsiveness which are compatible with an enhanced tendency toward bronchoconstriction. One of the features of human atopy is enhanced mediator release after appropriate stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction. This phenomenon can be mimicked in an animal model, the H. influenzae-vaccinated rat or guinea pig; enhanced histamine synthesis and release are found in vivo as well as in vitro. The effects point in the direction of a beta-adrenergic defect which is not only demonstrable in biochemical but also in physiologically oriented parameters. Pulmonary smooth muscle tissue appears to be less responsive to beta-adrenergic agonists and has an enhanced tendency to contract. The view that these changes are indeed the reflection of changes in adrenoceptor systems has been investigated in guinea pigs and rats. In both species impairment of beta-adrenergic systems together with a reduction in the number of beta 2-adrenoceptors was found after vaccination. Also the involvement of other factors, e.g., catecholamines, has been demonstrated. Comparable changes occur within the pulmonary adrenoceptor populations of COLD patients, suggesting disturbed homeostasis in the autonomic nervous system, possibly leading to bronchoconstriction. The question whether a bacterial factor is important in these changes and might induce, sustain or enhance the effects of other factors or even have a role in the pathogenesis of COLD is discussed in this review.
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PMID:Changes in beta-adrenergic responses as a consequence of infection with micro-organisms. 632 8

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime (CAZ) were performed, and the following results were obtained. MICs of CAZ for E. coli which was recently isolated from patients, were less than 1.56 microgram/ml and that for K. oxytoca were less than 0.39 micrograms/ml, and that for Salmonella were less than 0.39 microgram/ml, and that for B. pertussis were less than 0.20 microgram/ml. The mean serum levels after the drip infusion at the doses of 20 to 36 mg/kg for 30 to 60 minutes were between 11.8 and 66.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and the mean half-lives (T 1/2) were between 58 and 105 minutes, and the excretion rates in urine up to 6 hours were between 86.3 and 96.5%. CAZ was given to 35 pediatric patients (include 2 drop cases) by intravenous injection for 4 to 10 days, and the total dosage was between 2.4 and 14.5 g. Thirty-three patients with acute respiratory tract infections, pertussis and acute urinary tract infections with ABPC-resistant E. coli were treated with CAZ by intravenous injection or drip infusion. The efficacy rate of excellent + good was 90.9% (30 cases/33 cases) and the efficacy rate of excellent + good + fair was 100%. The daily doses of CAZ were 50 to 110 mg/kg, given in 2 or 3 divided doses per day. S. pyogenes, S. aureus, H. influenzae, B. pertussis and ABPC-resistant E. coli were isolated from the culture of sputum or urine in the patients, and they were all eradicated by treatment with CAZ. No side effect was observed except for temporary eosinophilia in 2 cases and temporary platelets increased in 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime, a new cephem antibiotic in the field of pediatrics]. 637 53


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