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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum samples were collected from 20 healthy White and 33 Black infants before and after immunisation with three doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and with one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribose phosphate vaccine and meningococcal group A and group C polysaccharide vaccines. Antibodies to these immunogens were measured and sera were allotyped for several Gm, A2m, and Km antigens. A highly significant association was found between the Km(1) allotype and the immune responses (difference between post-immunisation and pre-immunisation antibody levels) to H. influenzae and meningococcus C polysaccharides in the White children.
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PMID:Association between immunoglobulin allotypes and immune responses to Haemophilus influenzae and Meningococcus polysaccharides. 8 9

Forty-one children were studied in order to provide information on antibody responses to H. influenzae type b polyribophosphate (PRP), given in combination with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT). When PRP was administered alone, 9 of 15 children demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in titres of anti-PRP antibody. In contrast, in the group receiving a combination vaccine consisting of DPT and PRP only 1 of 13 children showed a similar rise in anti-PRP antibody. It was concluded that, in the population studied, the combination vaccine was less effective than PRP alone. The reasons for this difference and its potential significance are discussed.
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PMID:Antibody responses to a combination vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. 17 25

A group of high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are major targets of human serum antibody (S. J. Barenkamp and F. F. Bodor, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9:333-337, 1990). To further characterize these proteins, we cloned and sequenced genes encoding two related high-molecular-weight proteins from a prototype nontypeable Haemophilus strain. The gene encoding a 120-kDa Haemophilus protein consisted of a 4.4-kbp open reading frame, and the gene encoding a 125-kDa protein consisted of a 4.6-kbp open reading frame. The first 1,259 bp of the two genes were identical. Thereafter, the sequences began to diverge, but overall they were 80% identical, and the derived amino acid sequences showed 70% identity. A protein sequence homology search demonstrated similarity between the derived amino acid sequences of both cloned genes and the derived amino acid sequence of the gene encoding filamentous hemagglutinin, a surface protein produced by the gram-negative pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Antiserum raised against a recombinant protein encoded by the 4.6-kbp open reading frame recognized both the 120- and the 125-kDa proteins in the prototype strain as well as antigenically related high-molecular-weight proteins in 75% of a collection of 125 epidemiologically unrelated nontypeable H. influenzae strains. The antiserum directed against the recombinant protein also recognized purified filamentous hemagglutinin. A murine monoclonal antibody to filamentous hemagglutinin recognized both the 120-kDa and the 125-kDa protein in the prototype strain as well as proteins identical to those recognized by the recombinant-protein antiserum in 35% of the nontypeable H. influenzae strain collection. Thus, we have identified and partially characterized a group of highly immunogenic surface-exposed proteins of nontypeable H. influenzae which are related to the filamentous hemagglutinin of B. pertussis.
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PMID:Cloning, expression, and DNA sequence analysis of genes encoding nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins related to filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis. 154 58

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

We performed a double-blind, randomized trial to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines given to infants 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Adverse reactions attributable to the vaccines were few and minor. The rates of systemic reactions did not differ among the various vaccines and were similar to those seen among children receiving conventional diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. However, the four conjugate H. influenzae type b vaccines differed markedly in ability to stimulate antibody production. Mean antibody levels after three injections of polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with mutant diphtheria protein (PRP-CRM) or polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) were 3.08 micrograms/ml and 3.64 micrograms/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those after the use of polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with outer-membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis (PRP-OMP) (1.14 micrograms/ml) or polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) (0.28 microgram/ml). Only PRP-OMP produced a clinically pertinent elevation in antibody level after two injections (0.84 microgram/ml); the third injection of PRP-OMP produced a modest but statistically significant further elevation in mean antibody level (1.14 micrograms/ml). Only 29% of infants receiving PRP-D had antibody levels of 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 55%, 75%, and 83% of those receiving PRP-OMP, PRP-CRM, and PRP-T, respectively. We conclude that all four vaccines are safe and that all but PRP-D appear appropriate for use in a primary immunization series during infancy. The unique serologic response to PRP-OMP offers both advantages and disadvantages in comparison with PRP-CRM and PRP-T.
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PMID:Comparative trial in infants of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. 162 87

Monthly demographic surveillance by village reporters has been ongoing in the Tari Basin since 1970. Cause of death is ascertained by verbal autopsy. 20% of deaths between 1977 and 1983 were from acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI). ALRI mortality rates were highest in the very young and the elderly and have risen since the early 1970s but declined in the 1981-1983 period when pneumococcal vaccine was being tested in Tari. 44% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years of age occurred before the age of 6 months but ALRI mortality remained high during the second year of life. Utilization of health services before death was highly age-dependent, with the vast majority of young children but few elderly people receiving some form of medical attention. However, less than half the children who died of ALRI received inpatient care. Fortnightly morbidity surveillance of children between 1981 and 1983 showed that ALRI was the commonest cause of severe morbidity; children suffered 2-3 episodes of ALRI in the first year of life, 20% of which were moderate or severe disease. Improved case management, nutritional status and hygiene in addition to good coverage with pertussis and measles vaccines and immunization with efficacious pneumococcal and H. influenzae vaccines are required to reduce mortality and morbidity from ALRI.
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PMID:Mortality and morbidity from acute lower respiratory tract infections in Tari, Southern Highlands Province 1977-1983. 175 Feb 62

In October 1984 in Sweden, a phase II trial of Biken acellular Pertussis vaccine was started and in 1986, a phase III trial of the same vaccine was begun. During the phase III trial, there were three cases of deaths out of 1,385 of study children at two, four and ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, due to severe invasive bacterial infections such as H. influenzae, Pneumococcus, or Meningococcus infection. A number of arguments arose about the results of the Phase III trial. No one can either prove or disprove the association between invasive bacterial infection and administration of acellular pertussis vaccine. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the side effects of Biken acellular DPT vaccine. The pediatricians inquired about the physical status of the children who received Biken acellular DPT vaccine. During the observation period, three out of 940 infants suffered from infectious diseases. One suffered from measles, the other from varicella and the last from mumps. Our retrospective study did not reveal any severe invasive bacterial infection cases cases such as the ones experienced in Sweden.
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PMID:Safety follow-up in a cohort of Biken acellular DPT vaccine recipients in Japan. 177 26

The activity of the quinolone temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. MICs for 90% of strains tested indicated that temafloxacin was at least two- to fourfold more potent than the other two quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Temafloxacin had potency equal to that of ciprofloxacin and was twofold more active than ofloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes. Moraxella catarrhalis, and Bordetella pertussis. Against Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, temafloxacin was four- and twofold less potent than ciprofloxacin, respectively. When administered orally in mouse protection tests against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes, temafloxacin was at least eight times more potent than ciprofloxacin and was two to four times more active than ofloxacin. Against H. influenzae, temafloxacin was as active as ofloxacin and was two times less active than ciprofloxacin following oral administration in mice. In treating L. pneumophila in guinea pigs and H. influenzae otitis media in gerbils, temafloxacin and ofloxacin were more effective than ciprofloxacin. Against S. pneumoniae otitis media in gerbils, temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin were more active than ofloxacin. Following subcutaneous administration in mice, temafloxacin achieved higher lung levels than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin did.
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PMID:Activity of temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens. 203 92

In the course of six months the authors investigated 32 children aged 1-32 months with pertussoid cough. This number included one child where pertussis was confirmed in a 25-month-old properly vaccinated child and parapertussis in an 8-month-old incompletely vaccinated infant. In the remaining children by cultivation or serological examination a different aetiology was found (RS virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza 2, M. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis).
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PMID:[A minor epidemic of pertussis cough in Brno]. 255 13

Monoclonal IgA paraproteins of subclasses 1 and 2, isolated from the sera of myeloma patients, were incubated for 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours with B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica cultures, as well as Haemophilus influenzae strain. The fragmentation of IgA was studied by immunielectrophoresis with antisera to alpha-chain, to Fab alpha + Fc alpha, to Fab alpha and with antisera to light chains corresponding to the type of paraprotein. B. pertussis and B. parapertussis were found to have subclass-unspecific IgA protease which splitted off a cathode fragment, similar to Fab-fragment and, probably, corresponding to the variable domain of alpha-chain (Fv), after 48-hour incubation. Similar IgA protease was detected in H. influenzae, found to have classical IgA1 protease as well. All Bordetella species under study splitted off anode components from IgA paraproteins of both subclasses. These components, containing the determinants of heavy and light IgA chains, were either IgA - alpha I-antitrypsin complexes or some IgA fragments with high electrophoretic motility. None of the strains under study splitted monoclonal IgG.
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PMID:[IgA protease activity of microbes in the genus Bordetella]. 286 69


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