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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that amplify segments of a repeated gene element and a toxin promoter gene of Bordetella pertussis were compared with a culture established for the diagnosis of pertussis. Of 44 nasopharyngeal (NP) aspirates collected during a pertussis outbreak, repeated gene element PCR showed a positive result in 21 (48%), including all three patients with positive culture results. Results of toxin promoter gene PCR were positive in eight (18%) cases, and the pathogen was not detected in one patient with a positive culture result. A more sensitive nested PCR assay, based on repeated gene element PCR, was then developed. During a second outbreak two different transportation systems were tested in 146 duplicate NP swabs. Transportation of swabs in empty tubes proved to be better than in transport media for PCR. A total of 190 NP specimens from the two outbreaks were tested, and in 56 the results were shown to be positive by PCR, including all 16 cases confirmed as positive by culture. We conclude that the PCR assay is more sensitive than culture in the diagnosis of pertussis; NP swabbing is a simple, practical, and reliable method of collecting clinical specimens for PCR assays and cultures.
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PMID:Sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens. 812 Jul 12

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pertussis toxin promoter region was used to detect Bordetella pertussis infection in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 24 infants and children infected with pertussis and 13 adult contacts during an epidemiological study. The sensitivity of this PCR assay was approximately one bacterium, and the assay was specific for B. pertussis in tests with other Bordetella species and other respiratory pathogens. The pertussis case definition required a cough with a duration of more than 21 days for infants and children and laboratory confirmation by serology as the primary detection method for infants, children, and adults. The sensitivity of PCR and culture on Bordet-Gengou agar medium was assessed with regard to the case definitions. In the group of infants and children (index cases), the sensitivities of the culture and the PCR were 54.1% (13 of 24) and 95.8% (23 of 24), respectively. In the adult group (household contacts), the sensitivities of the two methods were 15.4% (2 of 13) and 61.5% (8 of 13), respectively. PCR combined with pertussis-specific serology appears to be a useful tool for diagnosis of pertussis especially in epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Comparison of polymerase chain reaction, culture, and western immunoblot serology for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection. 825 76

Systemic and mucosal B-cell-mediated immune responses to purified filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in mice were analyzed at different times following a single respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-FHA and respiratory IgG and IgA anti-FHA antibodies were first detected at 3 weeks postinfection, reached high levels by 8 weeks postinfection, and remained at high levels 12 to 32 weeks postinfection. FHA-specific B lymphocytes isolated from the spleens or lungs of uninfected control mice or mice convalescing from B. pertussis respiratory infection were analyzed in limiting-dilution cultures. Analysis of culture supernatants for the production of antibodies to FHA revealed an increased frequency of FHA-specific B cells of both the IgG- and the IgA-secreting classes in the lungs and tracheas of aerosol-challenged mice; these levels remained high as late as 25 weeks postinfection, compared with those in uninfected controls. No corresponding increase in the frequency of FHA-specific B cells in the spleens of aerosol-infected mice was observed. This long-lasting response observed in cultured cells was radiation resistant, a result suggesting that this response was due to B cells already activated in vivo. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed low but detectable levels of B. pertussis chromosomal DNA in 75% of mice tested at 8 weeks postinfection and 37.5% of mice tested at 26 weeks postinfection, at which times high levels of anti-FHA antibody were detected. One explanation for these data may be that, in this animal model, a major adhesin of B. pertussis can persist and interact with components of the immune system to stimulate the production of specific antibody in the respiratory tract many weeks after a single B. pertussis infection.
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PMID:Long-lived respiratory immune response to filamentous hemagglutinin following Bordetella pertussis infection. 845 49

Use of a repetitive DNA sequence of Bordetella pertussis allowed successful detection of the organism by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The method was highly sensitive, being able to detect B. pertussis in specimens containing only a few cells. It was also highly specific, with no amplification of specimens containing other organisms, for example Haemophilus influenzae or Neisseria, being observed. A diagnosis could be made within 1 day. The PCR assay was also evaluated in clinical specimens. Among 47 nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from 24 patients with laboratory-confirmed pertussis, 27 were positive by PCR and 19 by culture. In particular, all three bronchial aspirates from one patient with pertussis were positive by PCR, but only one showed positive on culture. Eleven specimens from parapertussis patients and 65 specimens from patients without pertussis tested negative. It was concluded that this newly developed PCR method for the diagnosis of pertussis was more rapid and sensitive than the usual culture method. Polymerase chain reaction could have a major impact on the treatment and control of this infection and would be a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis of B. pertussis infection.
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PMID:Rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis using the polymerase chain reaction. 912 52

Identification of a new family of proteins (RGS proteins) that function as negative regulators of G protein signaling has sparked new understanding of desensitization of this signaling process. Recent studies with several mammalian RGS proteins has delineated their ability to interact with and function as GTPase-activating proteins specifically for G proteins in the Gi family. Here, we investigated the functional activity of RGS3 and a truncated form of RGS3 on G protein-coupled receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase, phosphoinositide phospholipase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in intact cells. Polymerase chain reaction and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends analyses revealed the tissue-specific expression of a short form of the RGS3 transcript that encodes the approximate carboxyl-terminal half of RGS3. This truncated form of RGS3 (RGS3T) was shown recently to function as a negative regulator of pheromone signaling in yeast (Druey, K. M., Blumer, K. J., Kang, V. R., and Kehrl, J. H. (1996) Nature 379, 742-746). Baby hamster kidney cells transiently transfected with RGS3T cDNA exhibited a pronounced impairment in platelet-activating factor receptor-stimulated inositol phosphate production, a pertussis toxin-insensitive response. Similarly, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor-stimulated increases in intracellular cAMP and pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide receptor-stimulated increases in both cAMP and inositol phosphates were reduced significantly in RGS3T transfectants compared with vector-transfected control cells. In contrast, baby hamster kidney cells transfected with the full-length RGS3 cDNA showed no impairment in cAMP and inositol phosphate production mediated by these G protein-coupled receptors. However, lysophosphatidic acid receptor-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous ERK1 and ERK2 was impaired markedly in both RGS3 and RGS3T transfectants, demonstrating the functional ability of both RGS forms to modulate Gi-mediated signaling. These results provide the first evidence for regulatory effects of an RGS protein on Gs- and Gq-mediated signaling in intact cells and document that the carboxyl-terminal region of RGS3 comprises the structural domain for this activity.
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PMID:A truncated form of RGS3 negatively regulates G protein-coupled receptor stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and phosphoinositide phospholipase C. 918 81

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed that enabled not only discriminative detection of three Bordetella species, B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica (Bspp PCR), but also specific detection of B. bronchiseptica (Bb PCR). An upstream sequence of the flagellin gene was used as a target DNA region. This sequence contained differences in B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica DNA. These species could then be differentiated using two different sets of primers, Bspp and Bb. When oligonucleotide Bspp primers were used, PCR products were obtained from the three species of Bordetella. A fragment of the expected size (164 bp) was amplified using B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis DNA, but a fragment with a distinct molecular weight was amplified with B. pertussis DNA (195 bp). This Bspp PCR was specific and sensitive, but it could not differentiate between B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. When Bb primers were used, a 237-bp PCR product was detected only from B. bronchiseptica DNA. No PCR products were identified after Bb PCR amplification of DNAs either from B. parapertussis isolates or B. pertussis isolates, nor from other respiratory pathogen DNAs tested. This second PCR assay had a sensitivity limit of less than 10 organisms of B. bronchiseptica after detection with a specific probe. The specificity and the sensitivity of the fla PCR assay were evaluated with purified DNA, as was its capacity for detecting the bacteria in human clinical samples and in lungs of infected mice.
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PMID:Detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica by the polymerase chain reaction. 1042 94

A fetus with the sonographic appearance of echogenic and enlarged lungs and dilated trachea and bronchi, indicating laryngotracheal obstruction, is reported. Additionally, the fetus had ascites and subcutaneous edema and the amniotic fluid volume was reduced. Doppler flow investigation of the systemic venous circulation revealed signs of heart failure, and color Doppler visualized possible increased pulmonary flow. Following termination of pregnancy, autopsy confirmed the sonographic observations and revealed a hypoplastic thymus. During the present pregnancy the mother suffered from sustained cough, and serological tests revealed acute pertussis infection. Polymerase chain reaction investigation for Bordetella pertussis in the amniotic fluid was negative. The possibilities of pertussis toxins as noxious factors and of an atypical presentation of DiGeorge anomaly are discussed.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of tracheal obstruction: possible association with maternal pertussis infection. 1077 17

Lipoxins, endogenous eicosanoids biosynthetized in vivo at inflammation sites, are potential antiinflammatory mediators. Subjects with severe asthma present chronic inflammation of the airways despite long-term treatment with oral glucocorticoids. Therefore it is of interest to investigate the potential antiinflammatory effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4) that could attenuate chronic inflammation. In a first time, we detected interleukin (IL)-8 and LXA4 in supernatants of induced sputum. IL-8 was heightened in severe asthma (p = 0.001), whereas high concentrations of lipoxin A4 were present in mild asthma (p = 0.001). We then studied the effects of LXA4 on IL-8 released in vitro. Nanomolar concentrations of LXA4 and LXB4 inhibited the IL-8 released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the two groups of patients with asthma: a maximal inhibition of 29.4% (p < 0.01) was observed for patients with mild asthma, and 41.5% inhibition (p < 0.001) for patients with severe asthma at 1 nM and 100 nM LXA4 concentrations, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with asthma expressed the LXA4 receptor mRNA. Moreover, pertussis toxin reversed LXA4- and LXB4-inhibited IL-8 release. These findings suggest that lipoxins have potential antiinflammatory action in asthma.
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PMID:Lipoxins are potential endogenous antiinflammatory mediators in asthma. 1204 28

Pertussis may go unrecognized during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics. Nosocomially transmitted pertussis can be severe in infants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening may identify infants with pertussis on admission, allowing for preemptive isolation. In a random sample, 1 (0.6%) of 166 children admitted to the hospital during RSV season were Bordetella pertussis PCR positive during a nonepidemic period. These data show that screening may not be useful when pertussis prevalence is low.
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PMID:Low prevalence of pertussis among children admitted with respiratory symptoms during respiratory syncytial virus season. 1641 99

Polymerase chain reaction protocols are now available for the diagnosis of all of the major bacterial respiratory tract pathogens. Molecular techniques are also being used to determine the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis will find a place in the investigation of the epidemiology of some pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. The added sensitivity will allow the detection of mild or asymptomatic cases or carriers who may play a role in sustaining the pathogen in the community.
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PMID:New polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic techniques for bacterial respiratory infection. 1703 78


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