Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method was developed which is suitable for the isolation of substantial quantities of outer membrane proteins of Bordetella species in a water-soluble form. The extracted material may then be further fractionated in the absence of detergents by ion-exchange chromatography and preparative flat-bed isoelectrofocusing. These procedures facilitated the isolation of one of the proteins, of molecular weight 68,000, for which the antibody titer correlated with the degree of protection against nasal changes induced in specific-pathogen-free piglets by Bordetella bronchiseptica infection (P. Novotny, M. Kobisch, K. Cownley, A. P. Chubb, and J. A. Montaraz, Infect. Immun. 50:190-198). This protein, which banded between 7.0 and 7.6 pH in preparative isoelectrofocusing, may be further purified with a monoclonal immunosorbent. Immunopurified protein showed adenylate cyclase activity. The enzymatic activity was found to be unstable during processing; i.e., although the crude extract showed up to 150 nmol of cyclic AMP per mg/min, the immunopurified protein showed a maximum of only 200 nmol of cyclic AMP per mg/min. Two strains of B. bronchiseptica, isolated from herds of healthy pigs showing no signs of atrophic rhinitis, did not produce the 68,000-molecular-weight protein and were negative for adenylate cyclase. However, it is not known whether the 68,000-molecular-weight protein is a component of adenylate cyclase or whether it is an unrelated protein associated with this enzyme in some unknown way. Adenylate cyclase activity from culture supernatants of B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis, and B. parapertussis can be absorbed equally to the same monoclonal immunosorbent.
 ...
PMID:Adenylate cyclase activity of a 68,000-molecular-weight protein isolated from the outer membrane of Bordetella bronchiseptica. 404 33

1. Leukocytosis- and lymphocytosis-stimulating activity was present in fluid cultures of B. pertussis. The activity was found primarily in the culture supernatant fluid. 2. The sequential changes in the leukocyte response were similar to those previously observed following injection of intact bacteria into mice. 3. Activity was destroyed by heat and was diminished, but not abolished, by prolonged treatment with proteolytic enzymes. 4. A water-insoluble fraction of the culture supernatant fluid was isolated which contained virtually all of the activity. The specific activity was more than 100-fold greater than that of the intact bacteria, and injection of microgram quantities produced a response. 5. The distribution of histamine-sensitizing factor followed that of leukocytosis-stimulating activity. In contrast, mouse protective antigen was localized to the bacterial pellet.
 ...
PMID:The occurrence and properties of leukocytosis and lymphocytosis-stimulating material in the supernatant fluids of Bordetella pertussis cultures. 430 38

The leucocytosis-promoting factor was purified from the supernatant fluid of spent cultures of Bordetella pertussis on solid medium. After precipitation at 67% saturation of ammonium sulfate, the leucocytosis-promoting factor was extracted with a 1.0 m NaCl solution. Purification was accomplished by starch block electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The purified preparation contained a high leucocytosis-promoting activity, and as small an amount as 0.04 mug of protein induced leucocytosis in mice. About 520-fold purification was attained, with a re-recovery of about 25% on an activity basis. The leucocytosis-promoting factor was composed solely of filamentous molecules of about 2 by 40 nm in size, with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 5.5S and a molecular weight of 108,000. It was insoluble in water but partially soluble in 1.0 m NaCl solution, and consisted mainly of protein, with some carbohydrate, lipid, and phosphorus.
 ...
PMID:Leucocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis. I. Purification and characterization. 434 32

Mergenhagen, Stephan E. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Polysaccharide-lipid complexes from Veillonella parvula. J. Bacteriol. 90:1730-1734. 1965.-A strain of Veillonella parvula (V2) elaborates an extracellular slime when grown in a nutrient medium containing only dialyzable components. Deproteinization with chloroform-butanol of ethyl alcohol-precipitated material from the supernatant culture fluid leads to the isolation of a water-soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS1). Another component (LPS2), showing similarity in biological and immunological properties to the endotoxic antigen (LPC) isolated from whole cells, was extracted with phenol from the insoluble emulsion remaining after chloroform-butanol extraction of slime. Analysis of polysaccharides by thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of glucose and galactose in LPS1 and glucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and a methyl pentose in LPC. LPS1 failed to give a positive epinephrine skin test after intravenous injection in rabbits and failed to kill pertussis-sensitized mice, whereas LPS2 and LPC were active in both of these bioassays. Both lipopolysaccharides (LPS1 and LPC) exhibited type-specific haptenic activity in hemagglutination tests with numerous anti-Veillonella rabbit sera. LPS1 was found in these tests to be unrelated to a heterologous strain of Veillonella possessing a related somatic antigen. These experiments reveal the presence of two chemically and immunologically distinguishable polysaccharide-lipid complexes in this strain of V. parvula.
 ...
PMID:Polysaccharide-lipid complexes from Veillonella parvula. 585 93

Endotoxin from fresly sedimented Bordetella pertussis cells, isolated by the phenol/water procedure when submitted to kinetically controlled, mild acidic hydrolysis released a polysaccharide (polysaccharide 1), a complex lipid (lipid X), and a glycolipid. When treated with somewhat stronger acid, the glycolipid yielded a second polysaccharide (polysaccharide 2) and another complex lipid (lipid A). The intact pertussis endotoxin had all the usual properties of endotoxins extracted from enteric bacteria. Lipid X and the intermediary glycolipid retained all the endotoxic properties of the unfractionated endotoxin. In lipid A, pyrogenicity was reduced to a very low level and toxicity and Shwartzman reactivity were absent; however, this fraction retained most of the endotoxin's antiviral activity, and its adjuvant power was considerably higher than that of the intact endotoxin. Lipid A elicited nonspecific resistance against challenge with certain bacteria, but not against others.
 ...
PMID:Biological activities of fragments derived from Bordetella pertussis endotoxin: isolation of a nontoxic, Shwartzman-negative lipid A possessing high adjuvant properties. 624 78

Endotoxin prepared from several Bordetella pertussis strains in both immunological phases I and IV gave two lipopolysaccharide peaks (LPS-I and LPS-II) when analyzed on hydroxylapatite columns in a phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate; these lipopolysaccharides, present in the ratio of 2:3, are true endotoxins by both chemical and biological criteria. Endotoxins isolated from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri gave single lipopolysaccharide peaks when analyzed by the same procedure. Upon hydrolysis with acetic acid (pH 3.4) at 100 degrees C for 1 h, LPS-I released a polysaccharide (PS-I); the linkage broken was that of the glycosidic bond of a non-phosphorylated 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid. Treatment with 0.25 M mineral acid at 100 degrees C for 30 min was required to free the polysaccharide moiety (PS-II) of LPS-II, the linkage broken being the glycosidic bond of a phosphorylated 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid. Chemical and physical differences of the polysaccharide moieties PS-I and PS-II present in LPS-I and LPS-II have been described previously (25). By using the technique of 125I labeling, it was shown that the totality of labeled proteins present in the endotoxin extracted from Bordetella pertussis by the phenol-water procedure could be separated from the lipopolysaccharide by column chromatography on hydroxylapatite; it follows that these proteins are not linked by covalent bonds to the lipopolysaccharide.
 ...
PMID:Isolation of two protein-free and chemically different lipopolysaccharides from Bordetella pertussis phenol-extracted endotoxin. 624 93

This article presents the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) created in 1943 and describes its main features, its programmes and the role played by health education inside the programmes. It ends by explaining the present situation concerning health education and the changes which are presently envisaged. During its first twenty years, the IMSS promoted preventive medicine and trained health personnel. Since 1979 it has concerned itself mainly with some 10 million peasants and marginal groups. In the frame of a national development programme, a vaccination and detection campaign were implemented and the distribution system of potable water was extended. Mexico with a population of 73 million has the dual characteristics of a developed and a developing country (70 per cent of its population is urban, 30 per cent rural). The overcrowded cities contrast with the isolated rural areas where sanitary conditions are poor and life difficult. The main causes of mortality, in 1978, were: -in the towns: car accidents, cardiovascular diseases and suicide; -in rural areas, acute respiratory infections and intestinal infections. The 1978 Alma Ata international conference on primary health care and the meeting of Ministers of health convened in 1980 by the Pan American Health Organization endorsed the IMSS programmes which emphasize prevention, promote health education and community participation. The cost of preventive measures being cheaper than treatment, 203 million pesos were saved and allocated to the expansion of programmes. Systematic immunization has resulted in a sharp decline of diphteria, polio, rabies, typhoid, pertussis and measles. Early detection of tumours of cervix uteri has saved many lives.
 ...
PMID:[The role of health education in preventive medicine strategy of the Mexican Institute of Social Security]. 718 5

Purinergic P2 receptors are present on proximal renal tubules, but their function is unknown. Because P2 agonists antagonize vasopressin-stimulated water transport in the distal tubule by inhibiting activation of adenylyl cyclase, we postulated that P2 receptor activation blocks parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibition of phosphate uptake in proximal tubule by preventing PTH-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) generation. PTH inhibition of sodium-dependent phosphate uptake was attenuated by alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (AMP-CPP), a P2x receptor agonist, but not by 2-methyl-thio-ATP, a P2y receptor agonist, in a dose-dependent manner. AMP-CPP did not attenuate inhibition of phosphate uptake produced by direct activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin, by addition of the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP, or by inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase with RO-20-1724. Additionally, AMP-CPP had no effect on basal or PTH-stimulated cAMP production. As PTH also stimulates protein kinase C activation, the effect of AMP-CPP on inhibition of phosphate uptake stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was tested. AMP-CPP had no effect on PMA-induced inhibition of phosphate uptake. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin abolished the attenuating effect of AMP-CPP on PTH inhibition of sodium-dependent phosphate uptake. We conclude that activation of purinergic P2 receptors attenuates the inhibitory effect of PTH on sodium-dependent phosphate uptake by a G protein-dependent mechanism that is independent of cAMP generation protein kinase A activation, or protein kinase C activation.
 ...
PMID:P2 purinoceptor stimulation attenuates PTH inhibition of phosphate uptake by a G protein-dependent mechanism. 757 78

In human newborns, small amounts of sucrose reduce crying with procedural pain by about 50%. To determine whether "sucrose analgesia" could be extended to painful procedures beyond the newborn period, 57 infants were randomly assigned to receive three 250-microliters doses of 50% sucrose solution (g/100 mL) or water before their diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations at 2 and 4 months of age. Crying during and after injection was measured separately to determine whether sucrose modified crying during the noxious stimulus, recovery from the stimulus, or both. Sucrose was effective in reducing crying only from 83 to 69%, and the reduction was limited to the postinjection period. We conclude that, although sucrose continues to have some effect beyond the newborn period, the effect is limited to recovery from the noxious stimulus, is clinically modest, and is probably smaller than in the newborn period.
 ...
PMID:"Sucrose analgesia" and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations at 2 and 4 months. 759 55

Hepatic metabolism and gene expression are among the factors controlled by the cellular hydration state, which changes within minutes in response to aniso-osmotic environments, cumulative substrate uptake, oxidative stress and under the influence of hormones such as insulin. The signalling events coupling cell-volume changes to altered cell function were studied in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Hypo-osmotic cell swelling resulted within 1 min in a tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases Erk-1 and Erk-2, which was independent of protein kinase C and cytosolic calcium. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases was followed by an increased phosphorylation of c-Jun, which may explain our recently reported finding of an about 5-fold increase in c-jun mRNA level in response to cell swelling. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis or cholera toxin abolished the swelling-induced activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2, suggesting the involvement of G-proteins. Thus, a signal-transduction pathway resembling growth factor signalling is activated already by osmotic water shifts across the plasma membrane, thereby providing a new perspective for adaption of cell function to alterations of the environment.
 ...
PMID:Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk-1 and Erk-2 by cell swelling in H4IIE hepatoma cells. 761 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>