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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of a quinea-pig model to study the immunogenicity of the insulin molecule is presented. The Hartley guinea-pig has been shown consistently to form antibody to ox insulin, when given in a water-in-oil emulsion containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. After log transformation of standardized antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin, a valid statistical comparison of the antibody response to different ox insulin preparations could be made. Antibody cross-reacting with ox insulin, but not iodo-ox insulin, was also detected. The quantity of one type of antibody was complementary to the other, an observation compatible with determinant competition having occurred during the immune response. From the results of cross-reactivity experiments using N-triacylated ox insulins and human insulin, it was shown that antibody cross-reacting with iodo-ox insulin had most probably been produced to a localized area of the molecule.
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PMID:Aspects of the secondary antibody response to ox insulin in the Hartley guinea-pig; the use of chemically modified ox insulin to delineate the antigenic determinants of ox insulin. 5 48

Subgroups of female Hartley guinea-pigs were immunized with N-carbamylated ox insulin, N-maleylated ox insulin, N-phthaloylated ox insulin, or with the crystalline ox insulin from which the N-acylated insulins had been prepared. The immunogens were administered in water-in-oil emulsions containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Sera obtained 20 days after secondary immunization were assayed for their antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin and their insulin-binding capacities. The data were log transformed for statistical comparison. N-carbamylated ox insulin seemed to be as immunogenic as crystalline ox insulin and no specific carbamyl hapten antibody could be found. N-maleylated and N-phthaloylated ox insulins yelded significantly less antibody cross-reactingwith iodo-ox insulin, but produced a complementary quantity of specific maleyl and phthaloyl hapten antibody respectively. Thus it was shown that in the system used the immune response was partitioned between different determinants, ox insulin and its N-acylated derivatives being equipotent immunogens.
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PMID:Determinant competition during the immune response to N-acyl derivatives of ox insulin in the Hartley guinea-pig. 5 52

Insulins of differing species, together with chemically modified insulins, were used in cross-reactivity experiments employing selected antisera raised to ox insulin in the Harley guinea-pig. The immunogen had been administered as a water-in-oil emulsion, using H. pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Antibody was generated by determinants in the C-terminus of the B chain plus the adjacent N-terminus of the A chain, in the central core of the A chain (A8-A14 region) and in its anti-parallel N-terminus of the B chain. From this antibody pool chemically modified ox insulin selected antibody to unaltered determinants. The immunochemical data were compatible with monomeric ox insulin being immunogenic, the immunogen perhaps being recognized by the immune system in the form of the Molecule-II rather than the Molecule-I of the dimer pair (as originally suggested by X-ray crystallographic data).
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PMID:Alteration in the immunochemical dominance of determinants following the chemical modification of ox insulins: implications for the structure of the ox insulin monomer in solution. 9 26

The effects of the route of the injection and adjuvants on the immune response of guinea pigs were investigated at various stages of immune response to tetanus toxoid. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) was observed as the first immune response to the toxoid before initiation of antitoxin production. The DH reaction was weak when plain toxoid was administered subcutaneously. Water-in-oil in water (w/o/w) enhanced greatly the reactivity of the immunized animals; pertussis vaccine, endotoxin and aluminium showed adjuvanticities in this order. The foot pad (fp) injection of plain toxoid promoted remarkably the induction of DH. The reactivity was enhanced considerably by w/o/w and to a less extent by aluminium. However, pertussis vaccine showed an adverse effect on DH by the fp route. Active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) induced by the subcutaneous route was enhanced by w/o/w, endotoxin, pertussis vaccine and, to a less extent, by aluminium. The fp route compared with the sc route enhanced ACA by plain toxoid; w/o/w and aluminium but not endotoxin and the vaccine showed adjuvanticities. The influences of adjuvants and the route of injection on Arthus reactions were inconsistent. The effect of adjuvants on antitoxin production was quite different from that on DH when antitoxin was produced abundantly. Aluminium showed consistently a potent adjuvanticity, but activities of w/o/w, endotoxin and pertussis vaccine were inconsistent 4-6 weeks after the primary stimulus by the subcutaneous route. The adjuvant effect became less significant in the secondary response. The fp route was more favorable for antitoxin production than the subcutaneous route with most adjuvants except pertussis vaccine added to tetanus toxoid. Antitoxin production by plain toxoid was very poor when administered intraperitoneally; aluminium and w/o/w but not endotoxin showed a remarkable adjuvanticity for the antitoxin production.
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PMID:Studies on adjuvants for human prophylactics. II. Influence of the route of injection on the activity of adjuvants to tetanus toxoid in guinea pigs. 15 4

Primary and booster IgE antibody responses have been elicited in Hooded Lister rats by the intradermal injection or oral administration of very small quantities of egg albumin. Oral immunization was effected by giving antigen by stomach tube or in the drinking water. The minimum primary dose of antigen found to be effective was 1 mug intradermally and 10 mug orally, administered together with an intraperitoneal injection of B. pertussis adjuvant. In rats immunized with these doses secondary responses could be evoked by giving even smaller quantities of antigen, thus 1 ng intradermally or 1 mug orally without adjuvant. Smaller challenge doses were not tried. Large primary doses of antigen (greater than 100 mug) presented by these routes were, on the other hand, found to be inhibitory to the production of secondary IgE responses, this effect being similar to that observed in previously reported intraperitoneal immunization experiments. By contrast with previous experiments, however, tertiary responses could be obtained following immunization by these routes, and we believe this to be reflection of the absorption of smaller and therefore less inhibitory quantities of antigen. Our results are discussed in relation to the control of IgE antibody production, current concepts of the control of antigen absorption through mucosal barriers, and possible implications of the genesis of naturally occurring IgE responses in man.
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PMID:Rat IgE production. II. Primary and booster reaginic antibody responses following intradermal or oral immunization. 17 38

The authors pointed to a possibility of using the method of cryoultramicrotomy in studying the ultrastructure of Gram negative B. pertussis bacteria under the following conditions: a) fixationwith a 5% glutaraldehyde on cacodylate buffer (pH 7.5) for 30 min; b) replacement with a 30% dimethylsulfoxide in distilled water with a subsequent embedding of the material into tissue-tek; c) freezing in fluid nitrogen for 5 min; d) cutting at a temperature of -- 90% degrees C and at the temperature of glass knife of -- 40 degrees C, the knife angle of alpha = 45 degrees, beta = 6 degrees, and the cutting velocity of 5 mm/sec; e) placing of sections on copper grates covered with a 0.1% moulding membrane; d) contrasting with a 2% phosphotungstic acid queous solution (pH 7.5) for 5 sec and with a 3% uranil acetate on water for 5 min. Use of the mentioned method pemitted to detect structures localized in B. pertussis cytoplasm and also to trace the dynamics of their formation.
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PMID:[Ultrastructure of B. pertussis using cryoultramicrotomy]. 18 28

Different components of B. pertussis were found to have a similar inhibitory effect on thymidine-3H incorporation caused by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the culture of lymphocytes taken from donors immunized with tetanus toxoid. However, the same fractions of B. pertussis produced differential effects on the reaction of lymphocyte proliferation in response to tetanus toxoid: murein-"ontaining membranes enhanced thymidine-3H incorporation, RNA-containing fractions reduced it and water-soluble components of disintegrated B. pertussis produced no effect on lymphocyte proliferation.
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PMID:[Changes in the proliferative response of human lymphocytes in vitro on exposure to subcellular components of Bordetella pertussis]. 21 21

A 3-week-old baby, suffering from whooping cough with severe attacks of apnoea and hypoxia, was treated by nasal CPAP with a positive airway pressure of about 5 cm H2O. The respiration improved rapidly and the transcutaneous oxygen tension increased to a normal level. The treatment was carried on for 7 days and discontinued gradually in the course of 3 days. The child was also treated with pertussis immunoglobulin and erythromycin. The CPAP system employed is easily and rapidly applied and allows normal nursing of the child during the treatment and manual lung physiotherapy in upright position. The treatment probably proved lifesaving.
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PMID:Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of whooping cough. 39 52

Kinetic studies on the adjuvanticities of several substances with different modes of action were performed in guinea pigs by using tetanus and diphtheria toxoids as the antigens. When injected subcutaneously into animals, aluminium, endotoxin, pertussis vaccine and water in oil in water (w/o/w) showed very similar adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid at the beginning stage of immunization, but the activities except that of aluminium became less significant at later stages after the primary stimulus when antitoxin was produced abundantly. Poly L-lysine and to a less extent poly A:U showed potent adjuvanticities next to that of aluminium throughout the whole immunization period. Combination of poly L-lysine with 0.03 mg aluminium showed a similar adjuvanticity to that of 0.9 mg of aluminium alone. In contrast to rather low adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid, more distinct adjuvanticities were observed to diphtheria toxoid throughout the whole period of immunization with various substances such as aluminium, poly A:U, w/o/w and poly L-lysine but not with endotoxin.
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PMID:Studies on adjuvants for human prophylactics. I. Comparison of efficiencies of different adjuvants at various stages of immunization with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. 73 31

Two derivatives of wax D, one possessing immunogenicity and the other adjuvant activity, were tested for the possible role in the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. The former, a water-soluble arthritogenic and immunogenic component (WAC), in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, was able to induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and mild AA, but failed to function as an adjuvant in rats. The latter, an acetylated wax D (AD) and its subfraction, AD6, did exert adjuvant activity, but were free from immunogenicity and arthritogenicity. The addition of AD or AD6 to the WAC in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, when injected into inguinal lymph nodes, resulted in the production of severe AA with high incidence. Other adjuvants such as pertussis vaccine and lipopolysaccharide could not replace AD6; they failed to enhance AA when combined with the WAC. Also, other mycobacterial antigen, PPD, could not replace wax D-derived WAC; it did not induce AA when coupled with AD6, although it did induce DH to PPD.
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PMID:Synergism of immunogenic and adjuvant-active components of mycobacterial wax D in the induction of adjuvant arthritis. 82 21


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