Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine containing glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine passed the innocuity test only after one month's storage of the preparation at 4-8 degrees C when the adsorbed DPT vaccine containing pertussis vaccine inactivated by heat, formaldehyde, thimerosal or acetone did not pass the test. The adsorbed DPT vaccine became innocuous when it was stored at 4-8 degrees C. The innocuity test was passed more easily in guinea pigs than in mice.
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PMID:Glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine: a safe vaccine in the innocuity test. 244 Jan 96

The intracerebral challenge test for determining the protective potency of pertussis vaccines has long been in use. In an effort to elucidate what antibodies are responsible for such protection, a study was undertaken to analyse serum antibodies against filamentous hemagglutinin, lymphocytosis promoting factor and agglutinogens. Conventional pertussis vaccines induced antibodies to FHA and agglutinogens in mice whereas no demonstrable antibodies to LPF were stimulated. By toxoiding LPF on cells with 0.4 per cent formaldehyde, preparations were obtained which induced anti-LPF antibodies in mice. This treatment however, resulted in considerable reduction in potency as judged by the intracerebral challenge test. Apparently the protective potency of pertussis vaccines in mice is based on the adjuvant properties of LPF and not its antigenic properties. An optimized schedule is outlined for the laboratory standardization of pertussis vaccines by measuring antibody responses and especially anti-LPF in mice. Highest titers were obtained in mice when the interval between immunization and booster injections was 28 days.
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PMID:Optimization of immunization schedule to standardize antibody response in mice to pertussis vaccines. 287 28

Heptakis (2,6-0 dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin (MeCD) which permits the growth of single colonies of Bordetella pertussis Tohama phase I on Stainer-Scholte medium solidified with agar also enhanced the production of pertussis toxin (PT). More than one hundred times the amount of PT was produced in Stainer-Scholte medium with MeCD in shake culture than was produced in MeCD-free medium. A maximum of 50 mg PT protein was produced per liter of culture broth as estimated by in vitro and in vivo assays. The production of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) was several hundred times greater when B. pertussis was grown in shake cultures with MeCD than when growth was in MeCD-free shake cultures. The FHA content of the production medium was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electron microscopy. Evaluation of an acellular vaccine containing PT and FHA detoxified with formaldehyde showed that it was protective in the intracerebral challenge mouse potency assay.
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PMID:Effect of heptakis (2,6-0-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin on cell growth and the production of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin in Bordetella pertussis. 287 34

3801 children aged 5-11 months were entered into a blind placebo-controlled trial of pertussis vaccine. 954 were randomised to receive placebo (vaccine solvent), 1419 to receive a two-component vaccine containing formaldehyde detoxified lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous haemagglutinin, and 1428 to receive an LPF-toxoid vaccine. After 7-13 weeks 3724 infants received a second dose. Immediate side-effects were mild. Small local reactions occurred more often in the vaccinated infants than in those who received placebo, especially after the second dose of the two-component vaccine. During 15 months of follow-up from 30 days after the second dose, culture-confirmed whooping cough (cough and a positive culture of Bordetella pertussis) occurred in 40 placebo, 27 LPF-toxoid vaccine, and 18 two-component vaccine recipients. The point estimate of protective efficacy was 54% (95% confidence intervals 26-72%) for the LPF-toxoid vaccine and 69% (47-82) for the two-component vaccine; protection against culture-confirmed whooping cough of over 30 days duration was 80% (59-91%) and 79% (57-90%), respectively.
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PMID:Placebo-controlled trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines in Sweden--protective efficacy and adverse events. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines. 289 26

Plain pertussis vaccine manufactured with different inactivating agents was evaluated for its stability at 4-8, 25 and 35 degrees C with regard to the opacity and the toxicity [mouse weight gain test (MWGT) and histamine sensitizing (HS) activity]. Two pools each of heat inactivated pertussis vaccine (HIPV), formaldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine (FIPV), glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine (GIPV), thimerosal inactivated pertussis vaccine (TIPV) and acetone (I) treated pertussis vaccine [A(I)TPV] were taken for the study. The test for determination of opacity and MWGT were performed at monthly intervals for three months and the test for HS activity was performed after three months exposure of the samples at various temperatures. There was almost no loss in the opacity of GIPV and TIPV at all the selected storage temperatures and of HIPV and FIPV at 4-8 degrees C, while A(I)TPV lost about 16% opacity in three months at 4-8 degrees C. At 25 degrees C after three months, the percentage loss in opacity of HIPV averaged about 12, of FIPV 17 and of A(I)TPV 33. At 35 degrees C after three months, the average percentage loss in opacity of HIPV was 16, of FIPV was 25 and of A(I)TPV was 33. Regarding the effect of elevated temperatures on the toxicity of the vaccine, it was observed that the samples held at 35 degrees C for three months were the least toxic followed by those held at 25 and 4-8 degrees C as detected by MWGT and the test for HS activity.
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PMID:Effects of elevated temperatures on the opacity and toxicity of pertussis vaccines manufactured with different inactivating agents. 309 65

The effect of heat (56 degrees C for 10 min), formaldehyde (0.1% at 37 degrees for 24h), glutaraldehyde (0.05% at room temperature for 10 min), thimerosal (0.02% at 37 degrees C for 24h), acetone-I (three treatments at room temperature) and acetone-II (three treatments at room temperature and fourth treatment at 37 degrees C), when used as inactivating agents in the preparation of pertussis suspension, was studied with regard to potency, toxicity and stability. Five batches each of Bordetella pertussis strains 134 and 509 were used for the study. The thimerosal inactivated pertussis (TIP) preparation was 1.5-2 times more potent than the heat inactivated pertussis (HIP) preparation. The potency values of the formaldehyde inactivated pertussis (TIP) and glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis (GIP) preparations were similar to those of the HIP preparation, while the potencies of the acetone-I treated pertussis (A(I)TP) and acetone-II treated pertussis (A(II)TP) preparations were about half those of the HIP preparation. The FIP preparation was the least toxic showing maximum weight gain in the mouse weight-gain test (MGWT), while the TIP preparation did not pass the MWGT. The weight gains shown the GIP, A(I)TP and A(II)TP preparations were greater than those shown by the HIP preparation. The potency of pertussis component in the adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine was stable at 4-8 degrees C and 25 degrees C for three months for all types of pertussis vaccine. There was about 54-65% loss in the potency of the samples after three months at 35 degrees C. The inactivating agents used in the manufacture of pertussis preparations had no effect on the stability of the vaccine.
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PMID:The effects of different inactivating agents on the potency, toxicity and stability of pertussis vaccine. 310 44

The effects of different inactivating agents on the biological activity of the histamine sensitization factor of Bordetella pertussis toxin were examined. The agents were used for inactivation in the preparation of whole cell pertussis suspension. The histamine sensitizing activity was reduced to 36.9-13.3% by treatment with glutaraldehyde, to about 50% by treatment with formaldehyde and by the acetone-II treatment, relative to the reduction by heat treatment. Treatment with thimerosal and the acetone-I treatment did not reduce the histamine sensitizing activity as the 50% histamine sensitizing doses of the heat inactivated pertussis preparation, the thimerosal inactivated pertussis preparation and the acetone-I treated pertussis preparation were very similar. Glutaraldehyde has thus been found to be a better inactivating agent for the preparation of a safe pertussis suspension as it considerably reduced the histamine sensitizing activity of pertussis toxin.
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PMID:Glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine: a less histamine sensitizing vaccine. 311 Jan 64

A new assay method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of the inhibitory effect of pertussis vaccine on epinephrine-induced hyperglycaemia in mice. The statistical analysis of the assay was based on logarithm-transformed estimates of the blood glucose levels. The method was sufficiently sensitive to detect the activity of 0.004 millilitre of commercial combined diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine. The estimated common variance was as small as 0.0034 and the assay was highly reproducible. Among commercial vaccines there was a significant difference in activity. The activity of a stock pertussis vaccine was inactivated by 5 mM glutaraldehyde at 37 degrees C for 30 min, but resisted treatment with 40 mM formaldehyde at 37 degrees C for 5 days. The extent of inactivation with the chemicals was calculated by a parallel line assay as the activity relative to that of untreated control pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Determination of the epinephrine-refractory hypoglycaemic activity of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in mice. 314 32

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new acellular pertussis vaccine were tested in healthy adults. The vaccine contained three constituents of Bordetella pertussis; filamentous haemagglutinin, pertussis toxin (PT) and fimbriae bearing agglutinogens 2 and 3. The constituents were separately purified, treated with formaldehyde and combined with one of two aluminium adjuvants. Subjects received one dose of vaccine or an appropriate adjuvant-only preparation and were monitored for clinical responses for 7 days. Results with the two forms of vaccine were similar. Of 35 vaccinees, none had a temperature higher than 37 degrees C or a severe reaction, one had a moderate reaction (possibly due in part to intercurrent infection) and nine had mild reactions confined to localized discomfort and/or erythema or induration at the injection site. All vaccinees had good serum antibody responses to vaccine antigens measured by ELISA and for PT, by neutralization of its effects on Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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PMID:Trial of a new acellular pertussis vaccine in healthy adult volunteers. 328 87

Islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, is a hexameric protein composed of an A protomer and a B oligomer, the residual pentamer having such a subunit assembly that two different dimers, dimer 1 and dimer 2, are connected with each other by means of the smallest C subunit. Incubation of IAP with formaldehyde and pyridine-borane produced the modified toxin in which most of the free amino groups were dimethylated. The methylated and nonmethylated (native) IAP were disintegrated into their respective constituent components, which were then cross combined to reconstitute hybrid toxins with the original hexameric structure. The binding of the B oligomer to the mammalian cell surface via dimer 2 was, but the binding via dimer 1 was not, seriously impaired by methylation of amino groups in the protein. The binding of the B oligomer allowed the A protomer to enter cells and to catalyze ADP-ribosylation of a membrane Mr 41 000 protein. The diverse biological activities of IAP occurring by this mechanism were mimicked by not only methylated IAP but also all hybrid toxins, indicating that the free amino groups in the protein were not essential for the enzyme activity of the A protomer and that the A protomer was able to enter cells if the B oligomer bound to cells "monovalently" via dimer 1. An additional effect of the B oligomer binding, i.e., the direct stimulation, without the transport of the A protomer, of cells leading to mitosis in lymphocytes in vitro or increases in circulating lymphocytes in vivo, was not mimicked by hybrid toxins containing methylated dimer 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Structure-function relationship of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin: biological activities of hybrid toxins reconstituted from native and methylated subunits. 396 80


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