Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following the demonstration of the strong adjuvant effect of whole-cell DTP vaccine (wDTP) on the immune responses to influenza subunit vaccine, studies were undertaken to identify the component of wDTP responsible for the adjuvant effect, and to determine if acellular DTP (aDTP) vaccine was as effective since it is less reactogenic and likely to replace wDTP for primary or secondary immunisation. In addition, wDTP and aDTP were directly compared in a dose-response study. Experiments in mice indicated that the adjuvant effect of wDTP resided in the LPS component of B. pertussis, since purified LPS enhanced the IgG antibody response, the IgG subclass response and protection to the same level as wDTP. An adjuvant effect was detected using aDTP, but was statistically less pronounced than wDTP by a factor of some 100-fold. These results suggest that immunisation against influenza in infants and young children can be achieved combining small amounts of influenza antigen with wDTP or LPS, and to a lesser extent by combining vaccine with aDTP. However, these results were obtained in mice and should be confirmed in man since species vary considerably in response to adjuvant.
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PMID:Immune response and protection against influenza A infection in mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. 857 39

The safety and immunogenicity of two conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccines administered either mixed with, or in separate limbs to, a whole-cell DTP vaccine, was compared in infants vaccinated at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. Antibody titres to purified polyribosylribitol phosphate, diphtheria, and to pertussis antigens between infants who received the Hib and DPT vaccines in separate limbs or in the same limbs were similar (P > 0.1) while antibody titres to tetanus toxoid were higher in the later group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both Hib vaccines can be mixed with whole-cell DTP vaccine without reducing immunogenicity of either vaccine or increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
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PMID:Antibody responses and symptoms after DTP and either tetanus or diphtheria Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccines given for primary immunisation by separate or mixed injection. 857 40

Five hundred and fifty-seven infants received either an acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine containing pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN) or one of two commercially available whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months. One month after the third immunization, IgG antibody values to pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin and PRN were significantly greater following DTaP than either DTP (P < 0.05). When reactions within 48 h after all three doses of vaccine were combined, fever 101 degrees, > or = moderate fussiness, > or = moderate pain, swelling 10 mm, and erythema 10 mm occurred less often after DTaP compared with DTP-Connaught (P < 0.001). The same adverse events were also less after DTaP compared with DTP-Lederle (P < 0.05), except for erythema 10 mm. This three-component DTaP vaccine produced fewer adverse events and greater antibody values to PT, FHA and PRN in comparison with either licensed DTP vaccine when given as the primary series.
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PMID:Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine administered as the primary series to 2, 4 and 6 month old infants in the United States. 871 12

On December 30, 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics to distribute a combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) (ACEL-IMUNE) for all five doses of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccination series administered to infants and children aged 6 weeks-6 years (before the seventh birthday). Since December 1991, ACEL-IMUNE has been licensed for use as the fourth and fifth doses of the vaccination series among children aged 15 months-6 years who previously received three or four doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTP). ACEL-IMUNE is the second acellular pertussis-containing vaccine to be licensed for use in infants in the United States.
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PMID:FDA approval of a second acellular pertussis vaccine for use among infants and young children. 904 38

Severe adverse events were evaluated in a comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP (DTP) or DT vaccine. Vaccinees received four doses (at three, four-and-a half, six and 15-18 months of age) of either DTP or DTaP vaccine or three doses at three, four-and-a half and 15-18 months of age) of DT vaccine. The analysis included 4,273 DTaP recipients, 4,259 DTP recipients and 1,739 DT vaccinees. Convulsions within three days of vaccination occurred in 1/15,912 doses in DTaP recipients and 1/3,926 doses in DTP vaccinees (p = 0.22). Persistent inconsolable crying was more common in DTP vaccinees (1/113 doses) compared with DTaP (1/497 doses, p < 0.001) and DT (1/359 doses, p < 0.001) recipients. High fever (< or = 40.5 degrees C) was less frequent in DTaP vaccinees (1/16,239 doses) compared with DTP (1/5,359) and DT recipients (1/4,665). One hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode was observed.
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PMID:Severe adverse events in a comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants receiving either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP (DTP) or DT vaccine. The Pertussis Vaccine Study Group. 927 35

In the Gothenburg study, 3,450 infants were randomly assigned to receive three subcutaneous injections of acellular pertussis vaccine consisting of peroxide-inactivated pertussis toxin with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP-toxoids) or DT-toxoids alone under blind conditions at three, five and 12 months of age. Safety of the vaccinations was assessed by direct contact with the families in the week following each injection. No serious vaccine-associated adverse reactions were observed, in either group. The frequency of fever and local reactions increased by dose. Redness and swelling were slightly but significantly more frequent in recipients of DTP-toxoids compared to the DT group.
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PMID:Adverse reactions of a pertussis toxoid vaccine in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 927 40

Minor adverse events were evaluated in a comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP (DTP) or DT vaccine. Vaccinees received four doses (at three, four-and-a half, six and 15-18 months of age) of either DTP or DTaP vaccine or three doses (at three, four-and-a half and 15-18 months of age) of DT vaccine. The reactogenicity analysis included 4,273 DTaP, 4,259 DTP and 1739 DT vaccinees. Local reactions (erythema and induration) and systemic events (fever, fretfulness, drowsiness and anorexia) were more common after each dose of DTP vaccine than after the DTaP and DT vaccine doses. Erythema, induration and fever increased in frequency in DTaP and DT recipients with increasing series number. Erythema, induration and fever after the first two doses of vaccine were more frequent in DT recipients than DTaP vaccinees. Antipyretics were more commonly used in DTP recipients than in DTaP vaccinees.
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PMID:Minor adverse events in a comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants receiving either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP (DTP) or DT vaccine. The Pertussis Vaccine Study Group. 927 41

In many industrialized countries pertussis has been successfully controlled due to introduction of immunization programmes. However, decline trends in pertussis incidence, observed since more than 20 years, has been recently halted in individual countries, including Poland. In some industrialized countries, even absolute increase of pertussis incidence is recorded. Important changes in age distribution of pertussis patients are noted; from one side, there is an increase of pertussis incidence in infants, and a slow but continuous shift towards older age. There is an increasing body of evidence that adults may be the main reservoir of pertussis organisms and play an important role in the transmission of pertussis infection to younger children. Studies on the role of adults in transmission of pertussis infection to younger children should be undertaken in Poland. Early beginning and early completion of series of primary immunizations with DTP vaccine in infants and maintainance of a high immunization coverage with all doses of DTP vaccine specified in the immunization calendar are needed to successful control of pertussis. There is an urgent need to improve the diagnosis of pertussis in Poland, and especially the bacteriological confirmation of the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Can we control pertussis better? I. Changes in the epidemiology of pertussis]. 941 98

Infants born to HBsAg- (hepatitis B surface antigen) carrier mothers are highly likely to become chronic hepatitis B (HB) carriers themselves unless their status is recognised at birth and they are immunised with three doses of HB vaccine, the first within 48 hours of birth, concurrent with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). This study was designed to determine how many infants born in Victoria to carrier mothers completed three doses of HB vaccine. We sent the names of all infants of HBsAg-carrier mothers notified in Victoria between 1.7.91 and 30.6.92 to the appropriate local government immunisation providers and requested information on how many doses of HB vaccine, DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) or CDT (combined diphtheria-tetanus), and OPV (oral polio vaccine) they had received. The HBsAg-carrier prevalence of women giving birth in Victoria in 1991-92 was at least 0.52%. Of the 336 infants notified, 239 (71.1%) were recorded in local government records. Of these 239, 90.8% received at least two doses and 80.8% received at least three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There was no significant difference in the number who received three doses of HB vaccine compared with three doses of DTP or CDT vaccine. Of the entire cohort of 336, only 57.4% were documented as being completely immunised against hepatitis B. HB immunisation coverage for these infants needs to be improved. The high rate of loss to follow-up, especially between the maternity hospital and the community, is disturbing. Mechanisms for intensive prospective follow-up of these infants should be developed to prevent loss to follow-up and to encourage full immunisation against HB. Improving HB immunisation coverage of infants in high HBsAg-prevalence ethnic groups and introduction of universal infant HB immunisation may lead to increased coverage of infants of carriers by serving as back-up mechanisms for those lost to follow-up.
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PMID:Hepatitis B immunisation coverage of infants born to chronic carrier mothers in Victoria. 948 90

The study was conducted to assess the immunogenicity of three doses of two recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines, administered simultaneously with a DT vaccine or one of three different pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. The study population consisted of 1237 children selected from the cohort of 15,601 children enrolled in the Italian trial on pertussis vaccines. HBV vaccination was performed at 2, 4 and 12 months of age, with the first two doses concurrent with OPV and DTP vaccination. The DTP vaccines administered in the pertussis trial included one whole cell DTP, licensed in the USA, and two three-component acellular DTaPs, manufactured in Europe. Immunogenicity to HBV was evaluated on serum samples collected 9 months after the third dose of HBV vaccine. Antibodies against HBsAg were detected by ELISA and expressed in mlU/ml. In 13 children, the antibody response was below the protective level of 10 mlU/ml-1. No statistical difference was found among the various study groups with respect to the proportion of children showing protective response. Higher humoral response was observed in children receiving mixed HBV vaccines in each pertussis study groups.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines among infant recipients of acellular and whole cell pertussis DTP vaccines. 956 77


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