Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to human peripheral blood neutrophils primes phospholipase D (PLD) to subsequent stimulation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The present investigation was directed at the elucidation of the pathway(s) involved in the regulation of the activity of PLD in untreated as well as in GM-CSF-primed neutrophils. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PT) totally inhibited fMLP-induced activation of PLD in control or GM-CSF-treated cells. PT did not affect the activation of PLD by PMA but inhibited the priming effect of GM-CSF. Activation of PLD by fMLP was dose-dependently inhibited by erbstatin, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, pre-incubation with GM-CSF accelerated the tyrosine phosphorylation response to fMLP (as analysed by protein immunoblot with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies). In PMA-stimulated neutrophils, erbstatin antagonized the priming effect of GM-CSF on PLD without affecting the direct effects of the phorbol ester. Buffering cytoplasmic calcium with the chelator BAPTA inhibited fMLP-induced activation of PLD as monitored by the formation of phosphatidylethanol. The stimulation of PLD by PMA was partially attenuated in BAPTA-loaded cells while the priming effect of GM-CSF was abolished. Thus, priming of human neutrophil PLD by GM-CSF may be mediated by G-proteins, by increases in the levels of cytosolic free calcium, and by stimulation of protein kinase C and/or tyrosine kinase(s).
Cell Signal 1992 Sep
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor primes phospholipase D activity in human neutrophils in vitro: role of calcium, G-proteins and tyrosine kinases. 141 87

The effects of angiotensin II (AII) and angiotensin III (AIII) on bioelectric properties of canine cultured tracheal epithelium were investigated. Both peptides increased the short-circuit current (Isc), an effect that was accompanied by the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and was abolished by indomethacin and diphenylamine-2-carboxylate but not by amiloride. The AII action was not altered by amastatin. The increases in Isc induced by AII and AIII were inhibited by pertussis toxin, whereas cholera toxin had no effect. Thus, both peptides may selectively stimulate airway epithelial Cl- secretion through the activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive regulatory G protein and the subsequent generation of PGE2.
Eur J Pharmacol 1992 Sep 10
PMID:Effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on airway epithelial short-circuit current: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. 142 83

1. This study was performed to investigate G protein function in cardiac tissues from chronic diabetic rats by using pertussis toxin (PTX) and cholera toxin (CTX) as probes for G(i) and Gs proteins, respectively. 2. In the 10-week control group, i.v. injection of PTX significantly elevated the basal heart rate without having any effect on the chronotropic response of right atria to increasing concentrations of isoproterenol (ISO). In the 10-week diabetic rats, PTX treatment had no effect on the basal heart rate or on the response of right atria to ISO. In the 6-month groups, PTX did not exert any effects on basal or ISO-stimulated heart rate in either control or diabetic rat. 3. The inhibitory effect of carbachol (CCH) on cardiac tension in ISO-stimulated left atria was completely abolished by i.v. injection of PTX in the 10-week groups (both control and diabetic rats). The same treatment, however, only slightly reduced the effect of CCH on left atria contraction in rats from 6-month groups. 4. In both control and diabetic rats in the 10-week groups, incubation with CTX caused a significant increase in heart rate in right atria, and in developed cardiac tension in left atria preparations. The magnitude of the increase was the same in both control and diabetic rats. 5. Studies carried out using ADP-ribosylation technique indicated that the amount of G(i) protein was not changed in the ventricular muscle of the 10-week diabetic rat. Labelling of Gs protein could not be detected in either control or diabetic rat heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gen Pharmacol 1992 Sep
PMID:Alterations of G protein function in cardiac tissues from streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rats. 142 32

In order to clarify the epidemiological situation of whooping cough in Fukui prefecture, 478 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with pertussis-like symptoms were submitted to bacterial isolation. Laboratory data of these patients with clinical informations at the departments of pediatrics of 6 hospitals in Fukui city from June 1986 to May 1991 were also examined in relation to the above bacterial isolation. The results observed in culture positive patients were as follows: 1) B. pertussis were isolated from 83 patients (41 men and 42 women). 2) Isolates were classified into 3 serotypes. Most dominant type was 1.3.6 (80 strains, 96.4%), and followed by 1 (2 strains) and 1.4.5 (1 strain). 3) Most of the patients were non-vaccinees less than 3 years of age (69 of 83 (83.1%). This evidence suggested strongly that pertussis vaccine was highly effective to prevent pertussis. 4) The patients under 3 years of age whose leucocyte counts were > or = 15000/mm3 and lymphocyte rate to total leucocyte were > or = 70% in their peripheral blood at the time of nasopharyngeal swabs sampling were only 49.3% (33 of 67). Therefore, diagnosis of pertussis by leucocyte findings alone were considered to be inadequate. 5) The area of the patient's residence covered 7 regions of 8 health center districts in Fukui prefecture. The areal distribution of the number of patients from June 1986 to May 1991 was relatively proportional to the population of each district.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1992 Sep
PMID:[An epidemiological study on Bordetella pertussis infection in Fukui Prefecture from 1986 to 1991--especially observation on the patients of culture-confirmed pertussis]. 143 84

Forty-six children seen during 1989 with the clinical diagnosis of Pertussis are reviewed in this study. In 64.5% of the cases the Bordet-Gengou medium nasopharyngeal culture was positive for B. pertussis. Two age groups showed more susceptibility to B. pertussis, children under one year of age (70%) and of more than five years of age (20%). The disease was of more severity among infants younger than two months of age (apnea, choking spells, etc.). Most infants needed to be admitted to the hospital. All patients received therapy with erythromycin, salbutamol (80%) and general supportive medical care. No deaths or other medical sequelae were observed.
An Esp Pediatr 1992 Sep
PMID:[Pertussis. Study of an epidemic]. 144 11

We have studied the expression of the gene fragments encoding the enzymatically active portion of three bacterial cytotoxins: exotoxin A (ETA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (CYA) of Bordetella pertussis, in sensitive mammalian target cells. Expression of active ETA and CYA was lethal to the producing cells and stable transfectants of Cos-1 cells containing the corresponding genes could not be obtained. The expression of the PTS1 subunit was tolerated by the producing mammalian cells. Since PT is cytotoxic because of ADP-ribosylation of G-proteins, we assume that the endogenously expressed PTS1 may not find the cellular target G proteins or PTS1 alone may not be sufficient for ADP-ribosylation of these proteins in vivo.
Mol Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Expression of bacterial cytotoxin genes in mammalian target cells. 144 74

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of infection were more likely than matched controls to have had a diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis immunization in the 30 days before hospitalization of the case. Cases were less likely than controls to have received an immunization (P = 0.003). They were also less likely to have been breast-fed (P < 0.001) and to have had a well-child care clinic visit (P = 0.01). Cases were significantly more likely to be preterm (< 38 weeks gestation), low birth weight (< 2500 g) and attending day care than their matched nonhospitalized controls (P = 0.003, 0.03 and 0.002, respectively). This study demonstrates no association between receipt of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis immunization and subsequent hospitalization for an infectious illness.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992 Sep
PMID:Diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccination does not increase the risk of hospitalization with an infectious illness. 144 13

During early embryonic development, many inductive interactions between tissues depend on signal transduction processes. We began to test the possibility that G-proteins participate in the signal transduction pathways that mediate neural induction. The expression during Xenopus development of three G alpha subunits, G alpha 0, G alpha i-1 and G alpha s-1, was characterized. The three maternally expressed genes showed different expression patterns during early development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that all three genes were expressed almost exclusively in the gastrula ectoderm and predominantly in the neuroectoderm in the neurula embryo. In order to investigate the involvement of these proteins in neural induction, we overexpressed the G-protein alpha subunits by injecting the G alpha mRNAs into fertilized eggs. Overexpression of G alpha s-1 increased the ability of gastrula ectoderm to become induced to neural tissue approximately four-fold. Overexpression of G alpha 0 and G alpha i-1 had less pronounced effects on neural competence, and inhibition of the G alpha 0 and G alpha i-1 proteins by pertussis toxin did not change the neural competence of the exposed gastrula ectoderm. Overexpression of the G alpha 0 and G alpha i-1 genes did, however, inhibit the normal disappearance of the blastocoel during gastrulation, suggesting a role for these G-proteins in regulating this process. The data also suggest a specific role for the G alpha s subunit in mediating the initial phases of neural induction.
Development 1992 Sep
PMID:Expression and potential functions of G-protein alpha subunits in embryos of Xenopus laevis. 148 83

The expression of the pertussis toxin ptx operon is positively regulated in cis by a promoter region of about 170 base pairs and in trans by the bvg locus, which codes for the transcriptional activator protein BvgA. The promoter contains two direct repeats which are essential for its activity. When the position of these direct repeats relative to the transcription start point was changed, the activity of the promoter was strongly impaired. The repeated sequences therefore do not represent enhancer-like elements similar to those which have been identified in other positively regulated promoters; instead, the integrity of the whole promoter region seems to be an important feature of ptx regulation. A transcription interference assay was carried out to analyze in vivo binding of regulatory proteins to the ptx promoter. The results suggest that the direct repeats are the recognition sequence of a protein, which binds to them only under conditions in which the promoter is activated. In vitro DNA binding experiments with BvgA protein purified from an overproducing Escherichia coli strain were performed. However, no binding of BvgA to the ptx promoter was observed under conditions where binding of BvgA to the fha and bvg promoters occurred. This suggests that factors in addition to the bvg system are involved in the regulation of the Bordetella virulence regulon.
Res Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Functional analysis of the pertussis toxin promoter. 148 51

Type 14 is one of the common types isolated from patients of all ages with infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Its capsular polysaccharide (Pn14) is composed of a neutrally charged tetrasaccharide repeat unit. Pn14 does not elicit protective levels of antibodies in infants and children and is a less than optimal immunogen of the 23-valent vaccine for adults. Pertussis toxin (PT) is both a virulence factor and protective antigen of Bordetella pertussis: it is not soluble at neutral pH and forms insoluble complexes with acidic polysaccharides. Both Pn14 and PT are potential components of vaccines for infants and children. Accordingly, a synthetic scheme was devised to prepare a conjugate of Pn14 and PT. An adipic acid hydrazide derivative of Pn14 was bound to PT at pH 3.9 by carbodiimide-mediated condensation. The conjugation procedure inactivated the PT as assayed by CHO cell and histamine-sensitizing activity. The Pn14-PT conjugate elicited antibodies in mice to Pn14 at levels estimated to be protective in humans and elicited neutralizing antibodies to PT. We plan to evaluate Pn14-PT clinically.
Infect Immun 1992 Sep
PMID:Synthesis of a conjugate vaccine composed of pneumococcus type 14 capsular polysaccharide bound to pertussis toxin. 150 Jan 60


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