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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have produced pertussis vaccines with laboratory and industrial methods. The characteristic of laboratory cultivation of microorganisms is, in this context, growth on Hornibrook medium in low form flask and in stationary culture. Industrial cultivation is done in homogenous culture on a B-2 medium in fermentor. The strains utilized were isolated from whooping-cough cases in the Montreal region. The yield (org. x 10(9)/ml) obtained with an industrial cultivation of B. pertussis was 4 to 7 times higher than that reached with a laboratory cultivation of this microorganism. The non-toxicity as expressed in weight gain of mice was shown for both types of vaccine. The vaccines produced in fermentor were less histamino sensibilizing for mice than the one produced in stationary flash culture. The quality of the vaccines achieved by industrial method is easily reproducible due to the fact that enough variables can be measured.
Rev Can Biol 1977 Sep
PMID:[Comparison between two types of pertussis vaccines]. 20 Sep 87

Phenylbutazone, cyclophosphamide and prednacinolone acetonide, administered around the period of challenge reduced the exudate of pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. The results on the leukocytes of the exudate are different depending on the class of product studied. Phenylbutazone only slightly reduced the number of mononuclears cells. Both the immunosuppressive and the corticoid induced a clear decrease in the total leukocyte number. But, while prednacinolone effects were nearly equally distributed among mononuclears and polynuclears, cyclophosphamide was mainly active on mononuclears.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1978 Sep
PMID:Action of phenylbutazone, cyclophosphamide and prednacinolone on pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. 21 27

Localization of the heat-labile dermonecrotic toxin of Bordetella pertussis strain 114 grown in chemically defined Stainer-Scholte medium was studied by using skin reaction in 4-day-old suckling mice as the assay for toxin. Through log phase and into stationary phase of growth the toxin was cell associated and not detected in the culture supernatant. Only about 4% of the activity present in a suspension of lysed cells was detected in a suspension of whole cells, and the dermonecrotic activity was not released by subjecting whole cells to osmotic shock, a procedure that releases proteins from the periplasmic space of many gram-negative bacteria. After cell lysis and preparation of soluble and membrane fractions, 73 to 80% of the activity in the cell lysate was recovered in the soluble fraction, with only 3 to 6% present in a membrane fraction. Further evidence for the intracellular cytoplasmic localization of the dermonecrotic toxin was the insensitivity of the toxin to trypsin treatment of whole cells. Treatment of whole cells with trypsin (80 micrograms/ml) for 20 min at 37 degrees C did not decrease dermonecrotic or malate dehydrogenase activities, but did inhibit more than 95% of the extra-cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase activity. Identical trypsin treatment of a cell lysate decreased all the above activities by more than 90%.
Infect Immun 1979 Sep
PMID:Intracellular localization of the dermonecrotic toxin of Bordetella pertussis. 22 87

The lymphocytosis promoting factor-haemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis was isolated from solutions obtained after cell disintegration by a novel affinity chromatographic method using an adsorbent composed of human haptoglobin covalently attached to a Sepharose 4B matrix. The haemagglutinin was bound to the adsorbent at pH 6.5 and eluted by a stepwise change to a pH 10 buffer. A 300--600-fold purification of the haemagglutinin was achieved by this one-step process. The chemical and biological properties of the haemagglutinin isolated by affinity chromatography were found to be similar to those of the protein isolated by other workers from culture supernatants. The affinity chromatographic method was found to be specific for the purification of the lymphocytosis promoting factor-haemagglutinin and no purification of the fimbrial-haemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis was achieved by the method.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1979 Sep 29
PMID:Isolation of the lymphocytosis promoting factor-haemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis by affinity chromatography. 23 65

A major purpose of a state-wide survey to document the vaccination status of 1,003 2-year-old children was to identify factors associated with failure to receive the recommended vaccinations. With a basic series of immunization defined as three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), three oral polio vaccine (OPV), one measles, and one rubella, 72.5% of the children had completed the series. When the completed series was redefined to include a fourth DTP and mumps vaccine the rate of completion dropped to 40.8%. However, 59.1% of the children who had not completed this optimal series could be brought up-to-date with a single visit to their provider of medical care. Demographic variables independently associated with completion of the basic series were increased paternal education (P less than .001), increased maternal education (P less than .02), smaller family size (P less than .01) and higher socioeconomic status, as determined by census tract or rural town of residence (P less than .02). Race was not found to be a factor associated with vaccination rates when socioeconomic status was controlled. Patients who received their vaccinations from private physicians had a better vaccination rate than those who attended health department clinics. This difference persisted even when socioeconomic status was controlled by residence (P less than .02). The simultaneous comparison of parental education and family size demonstrated that a child having one parent with less than 12 years education or having at least three siblings has a fourfold greater risk of failure to complete his immunization than children whose parents are both college graduates. By using paternal and maternal education level and family size as screening variables, children at high risk for failure to complete their immunizations could be identified prospectively and made the target of intervention programs to improve compliance.
Pediatrics 1979 Sep
PMID:Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccinations. 48 72

Live attenuated measles vaccine was administered to Cameroonian children 12 to 39 months of age alone or with either diphtheria-tetanus toxoids or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Among children who were initially seronegative for measles hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, seroconversion rates and postvaccination geometric mean titers were similar in all groups. Pertussis antigen in the DTP vaccine was judged to be potent by laboratory potency testing and serologic response in recipients of the vaccine. Thus, the two vaccines may be administered simultaneously without compromising their immunogenicity. These results allow greater flexibility in planning individual or mass immunization schedules.
Pediatrics 1978 Sep
PMID:Simultaneous administration of live attenuated measles vaccine with DTP vaccine. 70 97

Humoral immunity to bacterial antigens was investigated in 68 tissue typed and glucose tolerance tested first degree blood relatives of insulin dependent diabetics (IDD). The data were compared with those obtained in 60 IDDs and in 55 healthy controls. The prevalence of bacterial antibodies to E. coli, staphylococci, pertussis and diphtheria toxins were just slightly, but not significantly reduced in the blood relations compared with controls. Incidence of antibacterial antibodies was almost identical in blood relations with impaired and in those with normal glucose tolerance. By contrast, antibody formation to E. coli and staphylococci (p less than 0,0005, p less than 0,0005) respectively was significantly impaired in IDD. No correlation between genes of the major histocompatibility complex and humoral antibacterial immunity could be observed in IDD and blood relations. In conclusion, antibacterial antibody formation was found to be severely impaired in IDD patients but to be almost normal in blood relations of insulin dependent diabetics. These findings suggest that the humoral antibacterial immunodeficiency observed in IDD is a disease associated process probably independent of major histocompatibility complex linked genes.
Diabete Metab 1978 Sep
PMID:Humoral antibacterial immunity in first degree relatives of insulin-dependent diabetics. 71 Jun 77

Although guinea pigs have been frequently used as a model of asthma, antibodies produced in this species are generally gamma1 and gamma2 and belong to IgG. The antibody responsible for asthmatic attacks in humans is IgE, and such is quite different from gamma1 and gamma2, immunologically. Guinea pigs are not therefore an adequate model for investigating anti-asthmatic drugs which inhibit IgE-mediated mediator release, such as disodium cromoglycate. On the other hand, rats do produce an antibody similar to human IgE, the so-called homocytotropic antibody (HTA), by sensitization with dinitrophenylated ascaris extract (DNP-As) together with killed Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant. To rats actively sensitized with DNP-As or passively sensitized with HTA serum against DNP-As, intravenous administration of antigen did not produce a transient increase in respiration (unlike that of guinea pigs) immediately after the antigen treatment, but a respiratory disorder similar to that seen during asthmatic attacks in humans did occur. The response to antigen was reproducible in passively sensitized rats compared with that of actively sensitized ones, though the symptom was moderate. The effect of N(3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'), a new anti-allergic drug, was determined in cases of experimental asthma in passively sensitized rats. Respiratory disorders as a result of antigen were clearly inhibited with oral administration of this agent.
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1978 Sep
PMID:[Experimental asthma in rats, and the effect of N (3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5') (author's transl)]. 71 Oct 29

During an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area in 1974, 229 children with the disease were studied to assess the effect of immunisation upon its natural history and severity. The typical clinical features of pertussis, such as paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting, cyanosis, and irregular breathing, were less prevalent in both the immunised and the older children. Immunisation is the main factor in protecting against complications such as fits; and, together with older age, it protects against hospitalisation. Nevertheless, pertussis today can be just as severe as it was 40 years ago, and the vaccine remains the major factor ameliorating its natural history. The immunisation programme needs more active support by all child health workers.
J Epidemiol Community Health (1978) 1978 Sep
PMID:The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area. 71 79

Experimental renal tubulointerstitial disease is induced in guinea-pigs by anti-tubular basement membrane autoantibodies. The complete mechanism of mononuclear cell accumulation in the target organ is not known; however, in addition to antibody, complement and radiosensitive leucocytes are important. In the present experiments we explored the influence of adjuvant in the accumulation of mononuclear cells in kidneys of actively or passively immunized guinea-pigs. We found that renal disease could be induced without adjuvant, by multiple injections of rabbit tubular basement membrane. Lesions were comparable to those groups which received a single dose of antigen in Freund's complete or pertussis vaccine adjuvant. Passive transfer of nephritis confirmed that adjuvant is not necessary for either the accumulation of mononuclear cells or the formation of antibodies with particularly potent pathogenicity.
Clin Exp Immunol 1976 Sep
PMID:Studies on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune renal tubulointerstitial disease in guinea-pigs. III. The role of adjuvants in the induction of disease. 78 19


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