Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet responses to agonists are believed to be mediated by at least two pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins: Gi which inhibits adenylyl cyclase and Gp, which stimulates phospholipase C. The present studies compare the properties of Gi and Gp and examine their interactions with the receptors for various platelet agonists. In permeabilized platelets and platelet membranes, pertussis toxin [32P]ADP-ribosylated a protein(s) (alpha 41) which migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionally below rabbit and bovine alpha i (Mr = 41,000). Prior exposure of the platelets to an agonist inhibited the [32P]ADP-ribosylation of alpha 41 to an extent which correlated with the pattern of responses to that agonist. Thrombin, which elicited responses that were mediated by both Gi and Gp, decreased radiolabeling by greater than 90%. Epinephrine, which was functionally coupled only to Gi, decreased radiolabeling by 50%, as did vasopressin and platelet-activating factor (PAF), which were coupled only to Gp. U46619, a thromboxane analog which neither inhibited cAMP formation nor caused pertussis toxin-sensitive phosphoinositide hydrolysis, had no effect on 32P-ADP-ribosylation. These results suggest that either G alpha 41 regulates more than one enzyme or that alpha subunits from more than one G protein comigrate within alpha 41. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to test the latter possibility. Upon isoelectric focusing, alpha 41 resolved into two distinct subspecies. However, these appear to be minor variants rather than functionally distinct alpha subunits since: 1) both proteins produced the same proteolytic fragments after digestion with chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and 2) preincubation of the platelets with agonists, including those which appear to interact in intact platelets solely with Gp (PAF and vasopressin) or solely with Gi (epinephrine), inhibited the [32P]ADP-ribosylation of both proteins to the same extent. The pattern of functional responses produced by some of the agonists was found to depend upon the conditions used for the assay. Although unable to inhibit cAMP formation in intact platelets, both PAF and vasopressin caused pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in isolated membranes. Collectively, these observations suggest that 1) in platelets a single pertussis toxin-sensitive, alpha 41-containing G protein may be involved in the regulation of both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C and 2) additional constraints which are altered during membrane isolation may help to determine which enzyme is coupled to which agonist.
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PMID:Interactions in platelets between G proteins and the agonists that stimulate phospholipase C and inhibit adenylyl cyclase. 283 6

The avian pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ that has been shown to contain postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors that inhibit melatonin synthesis and/or release upon receptor activation. Physiological response and [32P]ADP ribosylation experiments were performed to investigate whether pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) were involved in the transduction of the alpha 2-adrenergic signal. For physiological response studies, the effects of pertussis toxin on melatonin release in dissociated cell cultures exposed to norepinephrine were assessed. Pertussis toxin blocked alpha 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Pertussis toxin-induced blockade appeared to be noncompetitive. One and 10 ng/ml doses of pertussis toxin partially blocked and a 100 ng/ml dose completely blocked norepinephrine-induced inhibition. Pertussis toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP ribosylation of G-proteins in chick pineal cell membranes was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Membranes were prepared from cells that had been pretreated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin. In the absence of pertussis toxin pretreatment, two major proteins of 40K and 41K mol wt (Mr) were labeled by [32P]NAD. Pertussis toxin pretreatment of pineal cells abolished [32P] radiolabeling of the 40K Mr G-protein in a dose-dependent manner. The norepinephrine-induced inhibition of both cAMP efflux and melatonin release, as assessed by RIA of medium samples collected before membrane preparation, was also blocked in a dose-dependent manner by pertussis toxin. Collectively, these results suggest that a pertussis toxin-sensitive 40K Mr G-protein labeled by [32P]NAD may be functionally associated with alpha 2-adrenergic signal transduction in chick pineal cells.
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PMID:A pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein mediates the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor inhibition of melatonin release in photoreceptive chick pineal cell cultures. 283 56

Fimbriae were detached from Bordetella pertussis by mechanical shearing and purified by successive precipitations with ammonium sulfate, phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), and magnesium chloride. In each of these purification steps, the fimbriae aggregated into bundles as seen by electron microscopy. These aggregates could be disaggregated at pH 9.5. By electron microscopy, the purified fimbriae appeared as long filaments with a diameter of 5 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified fimbriae showed a single protein subunit with a molecular weight of 22,000. The purified fimbriae did not have hemagglutinating activity when assayed with several types of erythrocytes, and they were antigenically, chemically, and structurally distinct from the filamentous hemagglutinin of B. pertussis. The purified fimbriae were also identified as serotype 2 agglutinogens, since antibody to the purified fimbriae agglutinated B. pertussis strains serotyped as 1.2.4, 1.2.3, or 1.2.3.6 but did not agglutinate those serotyped as 1.3.6.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of fimbriae isolated from Bordetella pertussis. 285 48

The outer membrane (OM) component(s) from Bordetella pertussis which potentiated the antigenicity of purified Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), has been isolated and partially characterized. The OM was isolated from spheroplasting medium by precipitating at pH 5.0; fractionation was carried out by dissolving the crude OM in Triton X-100 followed by selective precipitation of OM in 50% ethanol. Further purification of OM was accomplished by DEAE-Sepharose 6BCL and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The biochemical composition and protein profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of various OM preparations have been examined. Combined vaccines consisting of OM components and PRP were given to young Sprague-Dawley rats, and the serum antibody to PRP was measured by an [3H]PRP binding assay. The purified OM containing mainly a 30,000-dalton protein, but not purified lipopolysaccharide or leukocytosis-promoting toxin, exhibited strong enhancement of PRP immunogenicity.
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PMID:Isolation of the outer membrane components of Bordetella pertussis which enhance the immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl ribitol phosphate. 286 92

The extracellular adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis was partially purified and found to contain high- and low-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight form had a variable molecular weight with a peak at about 700,000. The smaller species had a molecular weight of 60 to 70,000 as determined by gel filtration. The low-molecular-weight form could be derived from the high-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight complex purified from the cellular supernatant was highly stimulated by calmodulin, while the low-molecular-weight enzyme was much less stimulated. Active enzyme could be recovered from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels at positions corresponding to molecular weights of about 50,000 and 65,000. Active low-molecular-weight enzyme recovered from SDS gels migrated with a molecular weight of about 50,000, which coincides with a coomassie blue-stained band. However, when both high- and low-molecular weight preparations were analyzed in 8 M urea isoelectrofocusing gels, the enzyme activity recovered did not comigrate with stained protein bands. The enzyme recovered from denaturing isoelectrofocusing or SDS gels was activated by calmodulin, indicating a direct interaction of calmodulin and enzyme. The high-molecular-weight form of the enzyme showed increasing activity with calmodulin concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 500 nM, while the low-molecular-weight form was fully activated by calmodulin at 20 nM. Adenylate cyclase on the surface of living cells was activated by calmodulin in a manner which resembled that found for the high-molecular-weight form.
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PMID:Secreted adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis: calmodulin requirements and partial purification of two forms. 287 55

Fimbriae were removed from Bordetella pertussis by mechanical shearing and purified by successive precipitations with ammonium sulfate, pH 6.0 phosphate buffer, and magnesium chloride. Electron microscopy showed the purified fimbriae to be long filamentous structures (5 nm in diameter) which aggregated into bundles at pH 6.0. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified fimbriae gave a single protein subunit with a molecular weight of 22,000. The purified fimbriae did not have hemagglutinating activity when assayed with a variety of erythrocytes and were shown to be antigenically and structurally distinct from the filamentous hemagglutinin of B. pertussis. The purified fimbriae were identified as serotype 2 agglutinogens as antibody to the purified fimbriae agglutinated B. pertussis strains serotyped as 1.2.4, 1.2.3, or 1.2.3.6, but did not agglutinate serotypes 1.3.6. Immunization of mice with the purified fimbriae (14 micrograms) protected them from a lethal respiratory infection with strain 18323 (agglutinogen serotype 1.2.3.4.6) or with strain 432 (serotype 1.3.6). Immunization of mice with purified fimbriae containing 0.02% LPF also protected them from a lethal intracerebral infection with 18323. The ED50 was about 13 micrograms. Fimbriae containing less than 0.005% LPF did not protect mice from intracerebral challenge.
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PMID:Purification of serotype 2 fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis and their identification as a mouse protective antigen. 287 3

Treatment of mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide extracted from B. pertussis will effect resistance to rabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Herpes simplex virus. Our previous observations indicated that treatment of C3H/HeN (+/nu) and BDF1 mice with pertussis vaccine injected i.p. five days prior to a mouse adenovirus lethal dose i.p. challenge elicited resistance to clinical disease and death. Susceptibility returned to a portion of the test population 35 days after pertussis vaccine treatment. The pertussis vaccine induced resistance developed in athymic (nude) mice also; however, the population succumbed to infection 35 days later. Titration of pertussis vaccine with respect to induction of resistance indicated the median effective dose (ED50) was approximately 25 micrograms dry weight. This report describes the antiviral activity of acellular components extracted from pertussis vaccine. Extraction of B. pertussis cells with 1.0M NaCl and ammonium sulfate fractionation (20-40% saturation) of the extract resulted in an acellular preparation that induced resistance to lethal dose mouse adenovirus infection. The resistance inducing activity was retained after treatment of the extract with detergent (GAF Emulphogene BC 720) to remove lipopolysaccharide and adsorption to alum gel. Comparison of endotoxin content of pertussis vaccine acellular fractions, polysaccharide fraction and purified lipopolysaccharide suggested that endotoxin probably plays a role in the induction of resistance. The endotoxin content of a Emulphogene-treated preparation that protected 80% of a test population was 39 ng. The lipopolysaccharide extracted from Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella minnesota did not induce a resistant state seven days after administration; however, lipopolysaccharide extracted from B. pertussis induced a resistant state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunomodulation by Bordetella pertussis: antiviral effects. 287 9

A highly purified preparation of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) from Bordetella pertussis was analyzed for its protein composition by gel electrophoretic methods. In this preparation of FHA the following native species could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) at pH 3.2: S1 and S2 (inactive subunits or fragments); two monomers, a major form designated Ia (144K), and a minor form Ib, differing only in net charge; and three oligomeric forms, designated II (213K), III (595K) and IV (1064K). Hemagglutinating activity was associated predominantly with component Ia. PAGE of FHA after derivatization with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed there to be three major species, designated A, C and D. According to estimated molecular weight values, A, C and D are likely to correspond to S2, Ia and II respectively. Isolated components II, III and IV yield all three SDS-species upon derivatization with SDS. Both moving boundary electrophoresis and gel electrofocusing showed hemagglutinating FHA to be a basic protein. Its apparent pI is 8.1.
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PMID:Characterization of the filamentous hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis by gel electrophoresis. 287 90

Several envelope proteins of Bordetella pertussis demonstrated differences in electrophoretic mobility, depending upon solubilization temperature before sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins were exposed on the cell surface as judged by their accessibility to radiolabeling with 125I. Monoclonal antibodies to two of the heat-modifiable proteins (Mrs of 18,000 and 91,000) reacted with intact cells in immunofluorescence microscopy experiments, also indicating surface exposure of these two proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that two heat-modifiable proteins (a major protein with an Mr of 38,000 and one with an Mr of 18,000) migrated as higher-Mr moieties when solubilized at low temperatures (25 degrees C). Three proteins (Mrs of 91,000, 32,000, and 30,000) and possibly a fourth (31,000) migrated as lower-Mr species when solubilized at 25 degrees C, as revealed in the two-dimensional gel system; these three proteins were found only in virulent B. pertussis and were not detected in a phase IV avirulent strain nor in a strain modulated to phenotypic avirulence by growth in nicotinic acid. The 38,000 molecular-weight protein (38K protein) and a 25K protein were found to be noncovalently associated with the underlying peptidoglycan. Small amounts of the 91K and 18K proteins were also found associated with peptidoglycan.
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PMID:Heat-modifiable envelope proteins of Bordetella pertussis. 287 49

Purified preparations of adenylate cyclase were obtained from crude urea extracts of Bordetella pertussis by a one-step calmodulin affinity chromatography technique. Diluted extract was loaded onto the column and washed, and adenylate cyclase was eluted with 10mM EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid]. A 104-fold purification was accomplished in one step. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the affinity-purified adenylate cyclase was dissociated into one major protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000 and a minor band at 200,000. The affinity-purified adenylate cyclase was observed to have adenylate cyclase enzymatic activity which was activated by calmodulin, to bind 125I-calmodulin, and to be free of pertussis toxin as determined by in vivo and in vitro assays.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase: isolation and purification by calmodulin-sepharose 4B chromatography. 287 83


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