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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fractionation of an extract of pertussis microbes was carried out with the aid of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and preparative electrophoresis. Fractions differing in serological, immunogenic activity and the content of antigenic components were isolated. In using the method of gel-filtration of sefadex G-100 the greatest serological, immunogenic and histamine-sensitizing activity was possessed by the high-molecular fraction containing 8 of 11 antigenic components detected in the initial extract. The antigenic components were distributed into 5 fractions by the ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The greatest serological activity was possessed by fractions exiting from the column at the 0.01--0.04M interval of the phosphate buffer concentration. A method of preparative electrophoresis from the pertussis microbes extract was applied and two fractions were isolated from the anode and the cathode zones, each containing 4 antigenic components only, but possessing serological and immunogenic activity and having no histamine-sensitizing properties.
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PMID:[Immunochemical study of the antigenic structure of bacteria of genus Bordetella. IV. Fractionation of B. pertussis extracts and study of the immunochemical and biological properties of the isolated fractions]. 5 Jun 83

Serum samples were collected from 20 healthy White and 33 Black infants before and after immunisation with three doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and with one dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribose phosphate vaccine and meningococcal group A and group C polysaccharide vaccines. Antibodies to these immunogens were measured and sera were allotyped for several Gm, A2m, and Km antigens. A highly significant association was found between the Km(1) allotype and the immune responses (difference between post-immunisation and pre-immunisation antibody levels) to H. influenzae and meningococcus C polysaccharides in the White children.
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PMID:Association between immunoglobulin allotypes and immune responses to Haemophilus influenzae and Meningococcus polysaccharides. 8 9

Experiments were designed to develop an optimal method for inducing in vivo production of sensitised peritoneal mast cells. Rats of different strains were sensitised with whole egg-white and killed at suitable intervals to harvest the peritoneal mast cells. Release of histamine was induced in vitro by both whole egg-white and its major protein constituents, and assayed by a standard spectrofluorometric method. Wistar rats showed higher levels of sensitisation than black-hooded Lister rats; it was more convenient to harvest erythrocyte-free peritoneal mast cells from males than females. Very young (less than 150 g) and very old (greater than 300 g) rats showed sub-optimal sensitisation. Optimal sensitisation was obtained by simultaneous administration of antigen (doses of 50 micrograms whole egg-white and above) and adjuvant (1.0 ml pertussis vaccine); mast cells harvested between 20 and 50 days after the sensitising dose exhibited maximal histamine release upon in vitro challenge with 'whole' egg-white (100 micrograms). Routine use of plastic ware, and ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2) for handling cells and avoidance of heparin and excessive centrifugation ensured optimal preservation of histamine-releasing capacity of the harvested peritoneal mast cells.
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PMID:An investigation of the optimal conditions for the in vivo production of immunologically sensitised rat mast cells. 9 7

Upon hydrolysis with 2 N hydrochloric acid for 2 h, a 3-deoxy-octulosonic acid 5-phosphate was released from the endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis. The structure of the compound was established through chemical degradation. By periodate treatment of the intact endotoxin it was shown that positions 7 and 8 of the bound octulosonic acid phosphate were free, which, if present in a cyclic form, must be a pyranoside.
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PMID:3-Deoxy-2-octulosonic acid 5-phosphate: a component of the endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis. 17 33

The endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis was cleaved by mild acidic hydrolysis to yield a polysaccharide (polysaccharide I, 15%), a glycolipid (63%) and lipid X (2%). Further treatment of the glycolipid with stronger acid released a second polysaccharide (polysaccharide II, 9%) and material similar to lipid A present in enterobacterial endotoxins. Both polysaccharides possess a single molecule of 3-deoxy-2-octulosonic acid as the reducing, terminal sugar. In polysaccharide II the octulosonic acid is phosphorylated in position 5 and presumably substituted in position 4; in polysaccharide I the octulosonic acid is not phosphorylated, but is substituted in position 5. Following treatment of the endotoxin with strong base, a fragment was isolated that contained bound, non-phosphorylated 3-deoxy-2-octulosonic acid, glucosamine phosphate and fatty acids. This indicated that polysaccharide I, like polysaccharide II, was bound to the lipid region of the endotoxin. The endotoxin structure thus defined is different from that proposed for the lipopolysaccharides of enterobacteria.
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PMID:A novel type of endotoxin structure present in Bordetella pertussis. Isolation of two different polysaccharides bound to lipid A. 20 14

A comparative study was carried out on the effects of a soluble derivative of baicalein, disodium baicalein 6-phosphate (BPS) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the immediate type allergic reactions. BPS not only inhibited reaginic antibody-mediated reactions including antigen-induced mediator release from monkey lung, homologous PCA in rats, and reaginic antibody-mediated degranulation of mast cell, but also non-reaginic antibody-mediated reactions such as mediator release from guinea pig lung sensitized with ovalbumin and that from human lung caused by anti-IgE. The agent, however, did not affect the mediator release from lung of rats sensitized with dinitrophynylated ascaris extract plus Bordetella pertussis. On the other hand, DSCG showed characteristic properties as an inhibitor of reaginic antibody-mediated reaction. It is thus assumed that the functional site of reaginic antibody is well fixed with DSCG at a definite distance between the two-chromone-nuclei while that of IgG is readily fixed with the two molecules of baicalein or BPS.
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PMID:A comparative study of the anti-allergic effects of disodium baicalein 6-phosphate (BPS) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). 40 19

Dopamine receptors of D2 type present on lactotroph cells are coupled to a large series of transduction mechanisms. Beside their negative coupling with adenylate cyclase, they are also coupled with potassium and calcium channels, leading to a decreased intracellular calcium concentration. In addition, D2 dopamine receptors also modulate phospholipase activities. Dopamine inhibits inositol phosphate production, through two distinct mechanisms. One of them could represent a direct negative coupling with phospholipase C. All these transduction mechanisms of the D2 dopamine receptors implicate G proteins sensitive to pertussis toxin. In contrast, these receptors are negatively coupled to phospholipase A2 through G proteins insensitive to this toxin. Both isoforms of the D2 dopamine receptor, generated by alternate splicing of a single gene, are present in lactotroph cells. After transfection in CH4C1 cells the two isoforms are coupled with adenylate cyclase while only the shortest isoform appears negatively coupled to phospholipase C. Functional D2 dopamine receptors are present in human prolactinomas. Resistance to bromocriptine therapy is associated with a decreased density of these receptors in the tumor. In addition, the ratio of the two receptor isoforms (measured by PCR) is different in responsive and resistant tumors. Furthermore, the activity of Gi/Go proteins coupled to adenylate cyclase appears also affected in resistant tumors. Resistance to bromocriptine therapy appears thus to involve multiple changes at the different levels of the multiple mechanisms of action of dopamine on lactotroph cells.
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PMID:D2 dopaminergic receptors: normal and abnormal transduction mechanisms. 130 22

Because increasing evidence indicates that glial cells are a target of endothelin, we have characterized endothelin-induced phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and Ca2+ homeostasis in C6 glioma cells. Endothelin-1 (ET) increased formation of 3H-inositol phosphate (IP) from PI and elicited an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in rat C6 glioma. In the presence of Li+, the increase in 3H-inositol trisphosphate formation was rapid, reaching its peak at 5 min after stimulation. ET also elicited a rapid and sustained increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM). The rank orders of efficacy for ET-related peptides in increasing [Ca2+]i were ET = ET-2 greater than sarafotoxin greater than ET-3. Both ET-mediated stimulation of IP formation and [Ca2+]i increase were largely inhibited in the absence of external Ca2+ but unaffected by the depletion of external Na+ and the presence of dihydropyridine derivatives or verapamil. Inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers Cd2+, La3+, and Mn2+ at 1 mM inhibited both responses induced by ET. Cross-desensitization and nonadditivity were observed for both events among ET-related peptides tested, but not between ET and ATP. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) attenuated the PI response to ET, but had no effect on ET-elicited [Ca2+]i increase. ET-induced Ca2+ mobilization (measured in Ca(2+)-free medium) was only transient and was inhibited by 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ pools mobilized by ET and ATP appeared to overlap, as indicated by their partial heterologous desensitization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacological characterization of endothelin-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown and cytosolic free Ca2+ rise in rat C6 glioma cells. 131 33

Stimulation of the human promonocytic cell line U937 with antibody-coated chicken red blood cells (Ab-CRBC), leads to inositol phosphate (IP) release in the effector cells. Neomycin (5 x 10(-4) M) completely inhibits activation of phosphoinositide breakdown, while ADCC is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) (0.5 micrograms/ml), entirely inhibits IP release, while ADCC activity is markedly suppressed. The PKC inhibitors H-7 and propranolol also suppress ADCC. HA-1004, which has far lower PKC inhibitory activity than H-7, has a minimal effect on ADCC. The calmodulin antagonists W-7 and TFP are strongly inhibitory. These results indicate that stimulation of U937 cells for ADCC is associated to an increase in IP levels, which may provide positive transduction signals for the activation of this lytic mechanism.
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PMID:Signal transduction during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by U937 cells. 131 11

We have assessed the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on transmembrane signaling in adult rat ventricular myocytes. ET-1 stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis with an EC50 of 0.3-0.8 nM. This stimulation is linear for up to 30 min in the presence of a protease inhibitor, is additive with the effects of other stimulators of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, is not inhibited by the Ca2+ entry blocker, nifedipine, and is insensitive to pertussis toxin. ET-1 also reduces cyclic AMP production in myocytes in response to isoproterenol and forskolin (EC50, 1 nM). This cyclic AMP-lowering effect of ET-1 is sensitive to pertussis toxin, can be demonstrated directly in assays of adenylate cyclase activity of myocyte membranes, and seems to be mediated by Gi. These data indicate that the effects of endothelin on adult cardiac myocytes involve multiple signaling pathways, including enhanced activity of the inositol phosphate pathway and a decrease in cyclic AMP-mediated responses, neither of which seems likely to account for the positive contractile effects of endothelin.
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PMID:Endothelin inhibits adenylate cyclase and stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis in adult cardiac myocytes. 131 4


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