Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Optimal conditions were established for induction of reaginic antibodies to Lolium perenne pollen allergens in mice by intranasal dosing of allergens with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. This antibody response could be inhibited by pretreatment of the mice by nasal administration of 100 microgram of glutaraldehyde-modified L. perenne allergens 9 times in 3 weeks before priming, whereas native allergens, in doses of 5 microgram, did not inhibit an IgE response to subsequent priming. It was not possible to suppress an ongoing reaginic antibody response by intranasal treatment with either native allergens, or glutaraldehyde-modified allergens. Relevance to immunoprophylaxis of allergic disease is discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of murine reaginic antibody responses by nasal immunotherapy with modified allergen. 676 24

A comparative study of hGH and IL2 post-signaling effects, as examined by RNA expression (Nb29) and protein levels of the heat-shock protein hsp70, was performed in a hormone-dependent rat lymphoma cell line, Nb2-11C. Optimal doses of hGH or IL2 increased Nb29 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of both mitogens to cell cultures affected Nb29 expression and mitogenesis synergystically, indicating a possible interaction between the post-receptoral mechanisms of these mitogens. Pretreatment of the cells with cholera toxin (CT) inhibited Nb29 expression, protein levels and mitogenesis of hGH- or IL2-induced cells up to 50%, indicating the involvement of Gs-proteins in the post-signaling processes of both hGH and IL2. Incubation of cell cultures with low concentrations of pertussis toxin (IAP) (0.01 ng/ml) markedly increased Nb29 expression in hGH but not in IL2-induced cells, suggesting specific involvement of the Gi-protein in post-signaling processes of hGH-induced cells. Addition of the PKC activator 12-O-tetra-decanoyl phorbol ester (TPA) to control cell cultures markedly increased the expression of Nb29 RNA levels but not mitogenesis, indicating that induction of these proteins in the cells is not sufficient for cell proliferation. Furthermore, incubation of hGH- or IL2-induced cells with the potent PKC inhibitor staurosporin (ST) decreased the levels of Nb29 in both hGH- and IL2-induced cells, although the effect of the mitogens differed significantly in their inhibition slopes. These results indicate that activation of PKC is one of the signaling pathways differentially involved in hGH and IL2 stimulation of cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of heat-shock protein (hsp70) gene expression by hGH and IL2 in rat Nb2 lymphoma cells. 785 20

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis, influenza, malaria, infective endocarditis, pertussis, plague, anthrax, early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates, and animal bite wounds. Certain opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients also can be effectively prevented with primary antimicrobial prophylaxis. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended for various surgical procedures to prevent surgical site infection. Optimal antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis are bactericidal, nontoxic, inexpensive, and active against the typical pathogens that cause surgical site infection postoperatively. To maximize its effectiveness, intravenous perioperative prophylaxis should be given within 30 to 60 minutes before the time of surgical incision. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be of short duration to decrease toxicity, antimicrobial resistance, and excess cost.
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PMID:Antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults. 1063 Jul 64

Formyl peptides are potent neutrophil chemoattractants. In humans and rabbits, the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) binds N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) with high affinity (K(d) approximately 1 nM). The mouse FPR (mFPR) is a low-affinity receptor for fMLF (K(d) approximately 100 nM); therefore, other agonists for this receptor may exist. Using mFPR-transfected rat basophilic leukemia cells, we found that a recently identified synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm) is a potent agonist for mFPR. WKYMVm induced calcium mobilization with an EC(50) of 1.2-1.5 nM. Optimal chemotaxis was achieved with 1 nM of WKYMVm, but it required 100 nM of fMLF. WKYMVm stimulated rapid and potent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 when used at 50 nM. Pertussis toxin only partially blocked calcium mobilization and production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the stimulated mFPR cells, suggesting the possibility that this receptor couples to Galpha proteins other than Gi and Go. Competitive binding and desensitization data suggest that both peptides interact with the same receptor but may use nonoverlapping binding sites because WKYMVm was unable to effectively displace [(3)H]fMLF bound to mFPR. These results provide evidence for the presence of an alternative potent agonist for mFPR, and suggest a potential usage of WKYMVm for probing the ligand-receptor interactions with the murine formyl peptide receptor homologs.
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PMID:The synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met is a potent chemotactic agonist for mouse formyl peptide receptor. 1103 2

Preterm infants have immunological immaturities that may impact on vaccine responses. Larger premature infants mount immune responses to vaccines that are similar to those of full term infants, but very premature infants (<30 weeks' gestation at birth) have specific defects in vaccine responsiveness. The immunogenicity of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antigens is similar in full term and premature infants. Poliovirus vaccines, however, do not always stimulate adequate antibody responses in premature infants. The immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines varies widely in studies of premature infants, and may be affected both by choice of conjugate protein and by the infant's overall health. Hepatitis B vaccine given at birth appears poorly immunogenic in infants with birthweights <1750g, with delay in the administration of the first dose yielding improved immunogenicity. Sick premature infants may suffer increased episodes of apnoea following vaccine administration. Persistence of immunity, the quality of the immune response, and evaluation of the specific tolerability and immunogenicity of new vaccines in premature infants are topics needing further research. Although it is generally true that recommendations for vaccination of term infants are applicable to premature infants, it is not always specifically true. Optimal care of preterm infants requires attention to the exceptions to this generalisation.
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PMID:Timing of vaccinations in premature infants. 1803 40

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is commonly used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infectious diseases, including herpes simplex infection, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis, influenza, infective endocarditis, pertussis, and acute necrotizing pancreatitis, as well as infections associated with open fractures, recent prosthetic joint placement, and bite wounds. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended for various surgical procedures to prevent surgical site infections. Optimal antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis should be bactericidal, nontoxic, inexpensive, and active against the typical pathogens that can cause surgical site infection postoperatively. To maximize its effectiveness, intravenous perioperative prophylaxis should be administered within 30 to 60 minutes before the surgical incision. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be of short duration to decrease toxicity and antimicrobial resistance and to reduce cost.
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PMID:Antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults. 2171 23

Optimal protection against preventable diseases for adolescents can be provided through routine vaccination. Vaccinations recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with influenza, meningococcal, human papillomavirus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis infections. Most reported adverse reactions to these vaccinations are mild, and the benefits of immunization often outweigh the potential risks. In the present article, the authors discuss adverse events, contraindications, and precautions associated with adolescent immunizations.
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PMID:Adverse effects of adolescent immunizations. 2463 68

Despite high vaccine coverage, reported cases of pertussis have increased steadily over the last twenty years. This resurgence has stimulated interest in host responses to pertussis infection and vaccination with the goal of developing more effective next-generation vaccines and vaccination strategies. Optimal protection against Bordetella pertussis appears to be multifactorial requiring both humoral and cellular responses. Natural infection and whole-cell pertussis vaccination induce Th1 and Th17-dominated responses. In contrast, acellular vaccines induce Th2-dominated responses. Available immunological data indicate that while antibodies provide protection against disease, Th1 and Th17-mediated immune responses are required for bacterial clearance and long-lasting protection. The nature of the priming in children appears to be important in modulating bias and durability of immune responses required to provide protection against B. pertussis. This review summarizes the current understanding of differences in immune responses and their role in protection against B. pertussis following infection or vaccination.
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PMID:Pertussis vaccines and protective immunity. 3107 81

Background: Optimal timing of gestational tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination is not well-defined. No well-established specific anti-pertussis antibody level correlates with protection, suggesting the importance of antibody quality such as avidity. We aimed to determine the effect of timing of vaccination with Tdap in pregnancy on the avidity of cord anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG). Methods: Prospective study of newborns in a tertiary hospital (Melbourne, Australia) born to women vaccinated with Tdap in pregnancy. Ammonium thiocyanate was used as a bond-breaking agent to measure the avidity of anti-PT IgG using concentrations between 0.25 M (to measure low avidity antibodies) and 3 M (to measure very high avidity antibodies). Anti-PT IgG levels achieved at each ammonium thiocyanate concentration in cord samples of women vaccinated during 28-32 weeks gestation (WG) vs. 33-36 WG, and women vaccinated 5-12 vs. 1-4 weeks prior to delivery were compared using t-tests. Results: Newborns of women vaccinated with Tdap during 28-32 WG (n = 43) had statistically significant higher concentrations of medium and high avidity anti-PT IgG compared with newborns of women vaccinated during 33-36 WG (n = 47), 11.6 IU/ml (95% CI, 8.8-15.2) IU/ml vs. 6.7 IU/ml (95% CI, 5.2-8.6) and 10.1 IU/ml (95% CI, 7.4-13.8) vs. 5.7 (95% CI, 3.6-8.9) IU/ml (p = 0.007 and p = 0.035), respectively. Newborns of women vaccinated 5-12 weeks before delivery (n = 64) had statistically significant higher concentrations of high and very high avidity anti-PT IgG compared with newborns of women vaccinated within 4 weeks before delivery (n = 25), 10.3 IU/mL (95% CI, 7.9-13.4) vs. 3.3 IU/mL (95% CI, 1.7-6.4), 12.6 IU/mL (95% CI, 9.4-16.9) vs. 4.3 IU/mL (95% CI, 2.2-8.5) (all p < 0.03), respectively. Conclusions: Quantification of levels of anti-PT IgG with different avidities demonstrated that pertussis vaccination 5-12 weeks before delivery was associated with higher anti-PT IgG avidity compared with vaccination within 4 weeks before delivery. Pertussis vaccination during 28-32 WG was associated with higher anti-PT IgG avidity compared with vaccination during 33-36 WG, supporting vaccination at 28-32 over 33-36 WG for optimal protection against pertussis in infancy.
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PMID:The Effect of Timing of Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Administration in Pregnancy on the Avidity of Pertussis Antibodies. 3168 10


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