Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PVG/c rats, infected 3 days previously with 10(3) Trypanosoma brucei brucei S.42 organisms failed to develop adjuvant disease in response to an intradermal inoculation of mycobacterial adjuvant. By contrast, similarly infected rats, immunized with heterologous brain and spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant with pertussis vaccine as a secondary adjuvant, developed clinical signs of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) at least as severe as those in uninfected rats. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to PPD were depressed in trypanosome-infected, adjuvant-injected rats, as were the reactions to myelin basic protein in infected rats developing EAE. There appeared to be no cross-reactivity between trypanosomal antigen and myelin basic protein which could account for the lack of suppression of EAE. It is suggested that the different extent to which autoimmunity is involved in these two experimental allergic diseases may account for the differential suppressive activity of trypanosome infections upon them.
 ...
PMID:Differential suppression of experimental allergic diseases in rats infected with trypanosomes. 9 15

Intraperitoneal treatment of mice with adjuvants affects the in vitro response of their lymphocytes toward class-specific mitogen. Spleen cells from animals injected with Corynebacterium parvum organisms showed in some cases an increase in their response to all mitogens, while in other experiments, a moderate decrease in the reaction to T-specific mitogens (concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin) was found. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in particular Bordetella pertussis bacteria, brought about a marked reduction in the response of spleen cells to B mitogens (LPS and PPD) but had little or no effect on the reaction to the T mitogens. Intraperitoneal administration of B. pertussis caused a marked depletion of lymph nodes and a high level of lymphocytosis. Blood cells of the treated mice showed an increased response to T mitogens, whereas mesenterial lymph node cultures reacted higher than the controls to LPS and without stimulation. No change was noted in the responses of cells from the axillary lymph nodes of these pertussis-treated mice.
 ...
PMID:Effects of in vivo administered B. pertussis and other adjuvants on the mitotic responses of lymphocytes in vitro. 19 Jan 70

Two derivatives of wax D, one possessing immunogenicity and the other adjuvant activity, were tested for the possible role in the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. The former, a water-soluble arthritogenic and immunogenic component (WAC), in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, was able to induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and mild AA, but failed to function as an adjuvant in rats. The latter, an acetylated wax D (AD) and its subfraction, AD6, did exert adjuvant activity, but were free from immunogenicity and arthritogenicity. The addition of AD or AD6 to the WAC in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, when injected into inguinal lymph nodes, resulted in the production of severe AA with high incidence. Other adjuvants such as pertussis vaccine and lipopolysaccharide could not replace AD6; they failed to enhance AA when combined with the WAC. Also, other mycobacterial antigen, PPD, could not replace wax D-derived WAC; it did not induce AA when coupled with AD6, although it did induce DH to PPD.
 ...
PMID:Synergism of immunogenic and adjuvant-active components of mycobacterial wax D in the induction of adjuvant arthritis. 82 21

Two peptides, designated L and K, covering a sequence near the NH-terminal end of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (PT) were conjugated to the PPD (purified protein derivative) of M. tuberculosis by either glutaraldehyde (GLUT) or succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) and N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) and injected into groups of mice and guinea pigs. Initially, the effect of priming the animals with BCG vaccine and the use of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant for the anti-peptide antibody response was studied. The group of BCG-primed mice immunized with adsorbed peptide conjugates showed the highest anti-peptide conjugate antibody response. Based on this finding, groups of BCG-primed mice were immunized four times with either adsorbed peptide L-GLUT, peptide L-SMCC/SPDP or peptide K-SMCC/SPDP conjugates and the fine peptide specificity as well as the PT and S1 cross-reactivity was investigated in ELISA. Mice immunized with peptide L-GLUT showed a significant antibody response to the homologous conjugate, only, whereas the group injected with the peptide L-SMCC/SPDP conjugate gave a significant response to both peptide K and L conjugated by the SMCC-SPDP method. Likewise, mice immunized with the peptide K-SMCC/SPDP conjugate reacted with the homologous and peptide L-SMCC/SPDP conjugate, although only the response to the former conjugate was significantly greater than the response to PPD. All groups showed a strong anti-PPD response. The anti-PT/S1 cross-reactivity of the antisera varied considerably within each group but was found to be highest in the peptide L-GLUT-immunized animals. The results of the present study not only stress the importance of BCG priming and use of aluminium hydroxide adjuvants for the immunogenicity of the peptides in question but also point to the specificity of the conjugation methods employed as low cross-reactivity between the anti-peptide L-GLUT and L-SMCC/SPDP antisera was noted. Moreover, it appeared that the choice of conjugation method may have an effect on the ability of the peptide conjugates to induce an antibody response cross-reacting with the native protein.
 ...
PMID:Induction of polyclonal antibodies to the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin by synthetic peptides coupled to PPD: effect of conjugation method, adjuvant, priming and animal species. 155 91

There is no group proof of long acting antirheumatics (LAA) in laboratory animal models, and it is not to be expected without an identical rheumatoid arthritis model in animals and with regard to the heterogeneity of LAA. However, LAA are to be detected according to D-penicillamine-like, levamisol-like etc. actions, which can be disclosed in the adjuvant arthritis as well as in the B. pertussis-vaccine pleuritis in rats the latter model best by including parameters of inflammatory exudate cells. Modification of the models or of model parameters (BCG-sensibilization, PPD reaction, vasoreactivity, RNA content of exudate cells, SH groups, copper zinc) are hardly advantageous, contrarily to dosage. Other models, among them paw edemas, do not permit sufficient testing of LAA, even not the methyl-albumin mice paw edema. There is no problem of pharmacologically separating LAA actions from nonsteroidal or steroidal antiphlogistics actions.
 ...
PMID:[The testing of long-term antirheumatics in animals]. 244 99

The action of phenylbutazone, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, desonide, a corticosteroid, and cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressant agent, was studied on four types of experimental pleurisy: carrageenan-pleurisy in rats; passive reversed Arthus pleurisy in rats; Bordetella pertussis-delayed hypersensitivity pleurisy in rats and PPD (purified protein derivative)--delayed hypersensitivity pleurisy in guinea-pigs. For each compound, the action on the exudate and on the number of the different categories of leucocytes in the inflammation focus was evaluated. In carrageenan-inflammation, phenylbutazone reduced the oedema and the number of neutrophils and macrophages. Its favourable effect on exudative events in Arthus--and B. pertussis--reactions was not accompanied by high modifications at the cellular level. With the exception of PPD-pleurisy, desonide reduced the three other reactions. Its action related to the exudate and the various leucocyte types, except in the Arthus reaction in which only the number of neutrophils was decreased. The effect of cyclophosphamide was mainly in B. pertussis pleurisy in which it resulted in a decrease of oedema and a reduction in the number of mononuclears. For each compound, correlations between the effect on exudative and cellular phenomena are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the effect of phenylbutazone, desonide and cyclophosphamide on four types of experimental pleurisy. 610 73

In 1979, 101 adults were skin-tested by a health department to evaluate tuberculin reactivity; of the 96 persons followed, 87 (91 per cent) experienced inflammation marked by swelling, erythema, arm pain, and fever. Five months later, a 5 mm to 10 mm purple macule persisted in 76 persons. The vials of PPD reportedly used for testing had been discarded, but PPD had been stored in the refrigerator with DT and DTP. The mean tetanus antitoxin titer in skin-tested persons was 0.14 units per ml (u/ml) vs 0.08 u/ml in untested control persons (p lesser than 0.03). The mean diphtheria antitoxin titer in skin-tested people was 0.90 u/ml vs 0.16 for controls (p = 10(-5)). The mean pertussis antibody in skin-tested persons was 1:169 vs 1:12 for controls (p = 10(-5)). Intradermal DTP in immune rabbits produced histologically typical Arthus reactions similar to those experienced by the humans. Seven months later, 90 persons received PPD injections. Ten had induration; none experienced persistent reactions. We concluded that the humans initially received DTP instead of PPD.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous inflammation caused by inadvertent intradermal administration of DTP instead of PPD. 645 26

Lotifazole (F 1686) - 4-phenyl-2-(2',2',2-trichloroethoxycarboxamido) thiazole - has a range of anti-inflammatory activities in animals that differs from the activities of classic non-steroidal drugs. It reduces carrageenin-induced oedema in rats, UV-induced erythema in guinea pigs, and Arthus pleurisies in rats only at high doses. It does not affect Freund's-adjuvant polyarthritis, and it only slightly affects passive skin anaphylaxis in rats and anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs. Lotifazole does not greatly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. However, at low doses and after various conditions of treatment, F 1686 reduces PPD- and Bordetella- pertussis-induced delayed-hypersensitivity pleurisy in guinea pigs and rats, respectively, and contact hypersensitivity reactions to picryl chloride and oxazolone in mice. Its action on the two models of delayed-hypersensitivity pleurisy is reflected in a decrease of the pleural exudate and of the number of mononuclear cells in the focus of inflammation. At active doses, Lotifazole does not cause changes in the differential leukocyte count in normal animals. It appears, furthermore, to be a T-lymphocyte stimulant.
 ...
PMID:Lotifazole (F 1686), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with an unusual pharmacological spectrum. 670 14

One hundred twenty infants were randomly assigned to receive either 15 mg vitamin A or placebo with each of three DPT/OPV (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus/oral polio vaccine) immunizations at monthly intervals. Sixty-two received vitamin A and 58 received placebo. One month after the third supplementation dose, the response to the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test [multitest cell-mediated immunity (CMI) skin evaluation] for tetanus, diphtheria, and tuberculin (purified protein derivative, PPD) was the same in the vitamin A and placebo infants. The number of anergic infants was 17 (27%) and 19 (33%) in the vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively. The number of positive tests among well-nourished infants was significantly higher than that in malnourished infants irrespective of supplementation (P < 0.001). Among the infants with adequate serum retinol concentrations (> 0.7 mumol/L) after supplementation, the vitamin A-supplemented infants had a significantly higher proportion of positive CMI tests than the placebo infants (chi-square test: 8.99, P = 0.008). Among the infants with low serum retinol concentrations (< 0.7 mumol/L) after supplementation, vitamin A supplementation had no effect on CMI response. These results indicate that CMI in young infants was positively affected by vitamin A supplementation only in those infants whose vitamin A status was adequate (ie, serum retinol > 0.7 mumol/L) at the time of the CMI test. CMI was consistently better in well-nourished infants irrespective of supplementation.
 ...
PMID:Effect of early vitamin A supplementation on cell-mediated immunity in infants younger than 6 mo. 898 26

An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants' postnatal immune response to vaccinations is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) component of the combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP)-Haemophilus influenzae type-b (Hib)- conjugate vaccine in poor Bangladeshi infants. We immunized 405 infants whose mothers were supplemented daily with 30 mg elemental zinc or placebo beginning at 12-16 weeks gestation with the standard BCG vaccine at birth. A subcohort of 203 infants were in addition immunized at 1-month intervals with three doses of DTP-Hib vaccine starting at 9 weeks of age. The delayed hypersensitivity (PPD) skin test was performed in 345 infants at 24 weeks of age. Hib polysaccharide (PRP) antibodies were assessed for 91 infants at 4 and 24 weeks of age. In infants born with low birth weight (LBW) a lower proportion of negative responses to PPD skin test were observed in the zinc (66.2%) compared to placebo (78.5%) group (p = 0.07). No differences were observed in normal birth weight infants. There were no differences in proportion of infants above the protective thresholds for anti-PRP antibodies between zinc (81%) and placebo (89%) group. Geometric mean PRP antibody titres at 4 and 24 weeks of age were not different between groups. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy did not enhance immune response to Hib-conjugate vaccine but there was a suggestion of improved delayed hypersensitivity immune responses to BCG-vaccine in Bangladeshi LBW infants.
 ...
PMID:The effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to Hib and BCG vaccines in Bangladesh. 1662 58


1 2 Next >>