Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The locomotor capacity of human lymphocytes is cell cycle-related. Many small blood lymphocytes are non-motile but acquire locomotor capacity in G1 on appropriate activation with e.g. anti-CD3 antibody (aCD3) for T cells, or interleukin-4 (IL-4) for B cells. Once this capacity is acquired, the cells can then respond by polarization and locomotor to chemoattractants such as IL-8 or foetal calf serum (FCS). These two stages in the locomotor process were distinguished by the use of two inhibitors, FK506 and pertussis toxin. FK506 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell cycle-related induction of locomotor capacity both of anti-CD3-cultured T cells and IL-4-cultured B cells, with an ID50 of less than 1 ng per ml. This was measured in assays both of morphological polarization and of locomotion into collagen gels. FK506 has no effect on chemoattractant-induced polarization. Conversely, pertussis toxin has little inhibitory effect on growth-induced locomotor capacity, but is an effective inhibitor of the immediate polarization response following addition of FCS or IL-8 to lymphocytes either direct from blood or after overnight culture. These results suggest that different signalling pathways are involved in the two stages. Growth-related locomotor activation does not involve a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and may be signalled in the same way as other mitogen-induced events which are sensitive to FK506 and cyclosporin. On the other hand, the locomotor response to attractants, on this and earlier evidence, is transduced via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. However, after prolonged (24-48 hr) culture in the presence of pertussis toxin, lymphocyte locomotor responses to attractants become insensitive to pertussis toxin.
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PMID:FK506 and pertussis toxin distinguish growth-induced locomotor activation from attractant-stimulated locomotion in human blood lymphocytes. 170 50

Angiotensin II (AII) receptors are known to interact with two distinct guanine nucleotide binding proteins, Gq/11 and Gi, in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells to activate phospholipase C and to inhibit adenylate cyclase, respectively. However, in cultured bovine glomerulosa cells AII potentiates rather than inhibits the stimulatory effect of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on cAMP levels. This effect of AII was partially mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and was partially inhibited by staurosporine or depletion of protein kinase C but was unaffected by pertussis toxin treatment. No potentiation was detectable in disrupted cells or in membrane preparations. In intact glomerulosa cells, treatment with cyclosporin A or FK506 completely inhibited AII- or PMA-induced potentiation of cAMP production without affecting the response to ACTH. In COS-7 cells transfected with the rat AT1 receptor, AII caused 2-3-fold enhancement of the ACTH-induced cAMP response, an effect that was partially reproduced by PMA. These potentiating actions of AII and PMA were prevented by preincubation with cyclosporin A or FK506, and the latter effect was abolished by rapamycin. These results implicate the Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in AII-induced enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity in both adrenal glomerulosa and transfected COS-7 cells. The finding that AII enhances ACTH-stimulated production of cAMP by a second messenger-mediated mechanism that involves the participation of calcineurin reveals an additional mode of cross-talk between pathways activated by Ca(2+)-mobilizing and cAMP-generating receptors.
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PMID:Evidence for participation of calcineurin in potentiation of agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP formation by the calcium-mobilizing hormone, angiotensin II. 792 24

This study was performed in order to test the hypothesis that the connecting peptide of proinsulin, C-peptide, might in itself possess biological activity. Renal tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase, which is a well-established target for many peptide hormones, was chosen as a model. Rat C-peptide (I) was found to stimulate Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in single, proximal convoluted tubules dissected from rat kidneys. C-peptide increased the Na+ affinity of the enzyme and all subsequent studies were performed at non-saturating Na+ concentrations. C-peptide stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity occurred in a concentration-dependent manner in the dose range 10(-8)-10(-6) mol/l. The presence of neuropeptide Y, 5 x 10(-9) mol/l, enhanced this effect and stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity then occurred in the C-peptide dose range 10(-11)-10(-8) mol/l. C-peptide stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity was abolished in tubules pretreated with pertussis toxin. It was also abolished in the presence of FK 506, a specific inhibitor of the Ca2(+)-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B. These results indicate that C-peptide stimulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity, probably by activating a receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein with subsequent activation of Ca2(+)-dependent intracellular signalling pathways.
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PMID:C-peptide stimulates rat renal tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in synergism with neuropeptide Y. 863 72

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) modifies beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells (PMVSMCs), to determine whether the Ang II/beta-adrenoceptor interaction on cAMP production differs in PMVSMCs from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats vs. PMVSMCs from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and to elucidate the mechanism of Ang II/beta-adrenoceptor interactions on cAMP production in PMVSMCs. In cultured PMVSMCs, isoproterenol increased cAMP levels and this effect was markedly enhanced by Ang II. The Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cAMP was significantly greater in SHR PMVSMCs compared with WKY PMVSMCs. Neither inhibition of calcineurin with FK506, inhibition of calcium-calmodulin with W-7 and calmidazolium, nor inhibition of Gi proteins with pertussis toxin attenuated Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cAMP in PMVSMCs from either SHR or WKY rats. Moreover, the effect of Ang II on isoproterenol-induced cAMP was not mimicked by alpha-2 adrenoceptor stimulation. In contrast, chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA-AM attenuated, increasing intracellular calcium with A23187 augmented, and inhibition of protein kinase C with either calphostin C or chelerythrine chloride abolished Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cAMP. We conclude that in cultured PMVSMCs Ang II enhances the cAMP response to beta-adrenoceptor agonists via a mechanism that involves coincident activation of adenylyl cyclase by stimulatory G proteins and protein kinase C. Thus, protein kinase C-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase may attenuate Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in the renal microcirculation by raising the intracellular levels of cAMP, and this mechanism may be augmented in genetic hypertension.
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PMID:Modulation by angiotensin II of isoproterenol-induced cAMP production in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells from normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats. 976 41

G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), also called G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), is thought to play important roles in breast cancer and cardiometabolic regulation, but many questions remain about ligand activation, effector coupling, and subcellular localization. We showed recently that GPR30 interacts through the C-terminal type I PDZ motif with SAP97 and protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring protein (AKAP) 5, which anchor the receptor in the plasma membrane and mediate an apparently constitutive decrease in cAMP production independently of Gi/o Here, we show that GPR30 also constitutively increases ERK1/2 activity. Removing the receptor PDZ motif or knocking down specifically AKAP5 inhibited the increase, showing that this increase also requires the PDZ interaction. However, the increase was inhibited by pertussis toxin as well as by wortmannin but not by AG1478, indicating that Gi/o and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediate the increase independently of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. FK506 and okadaic acid also inhibited the increase, implying that a protein phosphatase is involved. The proposed GPR30 agonist G-1 also increased ERK1/2 activity, but this increase was only observed at a level of receptor expression below that required for the constitutive increase. Furthermore, deleting the PDZ motif did not inhibit the G-1-stimulated increase. Based on these results, we propose that GPR30 increases ERK1/2 activity via two Gi/o-mediated mechanisms, a PDZ-dependent, apparently constitutive mechanism and a PDZ-independent G-1-stimulated mechanism.
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PMID:G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1)/GPR30 increases ERK1/2 activity through PDZ motif-dependent and -independent mechanisms. 2845 Mar 97