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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The analysis of the morbidity and mortality rates in diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in Bulgaria after the introduction of the compulsory mass immunization of children with combined DPT vaccine is presented. These data indicate that morbidity in diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has sharply decreased. Favorable results with respect to these three diseases are the consequence of the complete coverage of the child population by immunization with the vaccine whose quality has been steadily improving for the last 20 years. A higher purity of toxoids has been achieved, and at present it exceeds the latest WHO requirements. Pertussis vaccine is produced with the use of strains whose serological characteristics correspond to those of the pertussis strains circulating in the country. The study of the reactogenicity of DPT vaccine, carried out over the period of 20 years, has shown that the vaccine has low reactogenicity.
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PMID:[Experience of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in controlling diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough]. 387 6

Pertussis vaccine consisting of inactivated whole Bordetella pertussis organisms appears to induce a biphasic response on the glucose metabolism of N:NIH mice. A heat stable component assumed to be the LPS induces a transient hyperglycaemia within 6 hours after vaccination. A heat labile component assumed to be LPF, induces a hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia 2-7 days after treatment. A purified vaccine examined in this study still showed some effects on the glucose metabolism at 3-4 days after vaccination. If hypoglycaemia contributes to the neurological side effects, incidentally observed after vaccination of infants, both LPS and LPF have to be considered to be responsible for these effects.
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PMID:A biphasic glucose and insulin response in mice after vaccination with pertussis vaccine. 390 Oct 31

We have developed a model of prolonged immunological inflammation in the rat which has a structural resemblance to the synovial changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Pertussis vaccine was injected into 6-day-old subcutaneous air pouches in animals previously sensitized with pertussis vaccine. The resulting inflammatory response persisted up to 30 days. Examination of exudates showed a wave of polymorphonuclear leucocytes over a 13-day period followed by a mononuclear cell predominance up to 30 days. Histologically, an early polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was followed by the formation of a lining layer of large eosinophilic mononuclear cells, together with deep collections of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Concentrations of the acute-phase reactant alpha 1-glycoprotein, in both serum and exudate, peaked at 3 days. This suggests that the local production of interleukin I in this type of tissue reaction is more closely related to the acute inflammatory phase than to more chronic interactions between monocyte derived cells and lymphocytes.
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PMID:The immune response to pertussis in the 6-day air pouch: a model of chronic synovitis. 402 78

The immunostimulating effect of corpuscular pertussis vaccine on the antigen-presenting and bactericidal functions of peritoneal and splenic macrophages in CBA and C57BL/6 mice, differing in the intensity of immune response to sheep red blood cells and Salmonella typhimurium, has been studied. The study has revealed that the injection of pertussis vaccine alters the functional activity of the cells under study, the effect depending on the immunizing dose, the strain of mice and the time elapsed from the moment of immunization. Pertussis vaccine enhances the low capacity of macrophages for antigen presentation in C57BL/6 mice with low responsiveness and alters the resistance of peritoneal and splenic macrophages to the cytopathic action of salmonellae.
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PMID:[Effect of pertussis vaccine on the functional activity of the peritoneal and splenic macrophages in 2 mouse strains genetically differing by the intensity of their immune response]. 405 Feb 20

Murine T-cell lines derived from (SJL/J X BALB/c)F1 mice were established which are specifically proliferating in response to myelin basic protein (BP) and are also functional in mediating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in normal recipients. Partial characterization of the cells, the requirements of their selection and in vitro activation, and the role of pertussis vaccine for mediation of EAE were studied. The EAE-effector line cells were characterized as Lyt 1+2- cells, suggesting delayed-type hypersensitivity mechanism as a major EAE-effector mechanism in mice. Activation in vitro of EAE-effector line cells by stimulation with BP or concanavalin A in the presence of irradiated syngeneic accessory cells was required to facilitate their capacity to mediate EAE in normal recipients. (SJL/J X BALB/c)F1 EAE-effector line cells recognize BP presented by F1-specific accessory cells to facilitate adequate specific proliferation of the cells. Pertussis vaccine was found nonessential for mediation of EAE by BP-specific effector line cells, but was found essential for uncovering T cells responding to BP. Thus, the pertussis vaccine may play a more crucial role at the sensitization phase, by enhancing a T-cell response to BP, rather than by altering the blood-brain barrier at the effector phase of EAE.
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PMID:Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mediated by T-cell line. II. Specific requirements and the role of pertussis vaccine for the in vitro activation of the cells and induction of disease. 619 19

Pertussis vaccine contains lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). Polymyxin B sulfate neutralizes endotoxin activity in vivo and in vitro from Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella-derived endotoxin. In vitro, polymyxin B eliminates the endotoxin reaction of pertussis vaccine in the Limulus lysate test. In this study, platelet and WBC counts and antibody response were compared in rabbits given either pertussis vaccine alone or pertussis vaccine and polymyxin B intravenously. Pertussis vaccine-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were eliminated in the polymyxin B group. The antibody titers in the animals receiving pertussis vaccine and polymyxin B were somewhat lower and rose more slowly. Since the toxicity of pertussis vaccine is related in part to endotoxin, we suggest that a clinical study using a combination of the vaccine with an endotoxin-neutralizing agent be done to assess both amelioration of side effects caused by the vaccine and any effect on immunogenesis.
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PMID:In vivo effect of polymyxin B on pertussis vaccine. 632 72

The influence of pertussis vaccine administered by different methods on the development of humoral immune response to heterologous antigen obtained from the bovine spinal cord has been studied on rabbits. Pertussis vaccine introduced into the body of animals simultaneously with the heterologous antigen has been found to induce, besides protective anti-pertussis immunity, the development of reagin immune response to the antigen of cerebrospinal tissue. The reagin response was more pronounced in the animals receiving pertussis vaccine parenterally. At the same time, on days 10-15 after immunization by both methods a decrease in the IgG and IgM levels and their subsequent increase were registered. These data suggest that the parenteral administration of pertussis vaccine creates a higher allergic background in the body in comparison with oral immunization.
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PMID:[Development of humoral immunity to heterologous antigen in the parenteral and peroral administration of pertussis vaccine]. 698 Dec 72

In experiments on mice of different strains the nonspecific action of pertussis vaccine on the accumulation of antibody-forming cells in the spleen in response to SRBC injection has been studied. Pertussis vaccine can enhance and suppress humoral response to an unrelated antigen. The character of the effect is determined by the dose of the vaccine, the interval between the injection of the preparation and SRBC, as well as by the differences between various strains of mice. The suppression phase was shown to change for the phase of nonspecific enhancement of immune response to an unrelated antigen in vaccinated mice.
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PMID:[Nonspecific effect of pertussis vaccine on the immunologic reactivity of mice]. 718 29

Pregnant rats challenged with Bordetela Pertussis vaccine, with or without encephalitogenic antigen during pregnancy, transferred a resistance to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to their offspring. Cross-fostering experiments showed that the protection against EAE is conferred during the lactation period through the transfer of anti pertussis antibodies in the milk. The degree of protection correlated with antibody levels. Passive transfer of these antibodies through intraperitoneal injection to naive adult rats also conferred the same degree of protection against EAE induction. It is suggested that such transfer of resistance and antibodies may serve as a model for the study of milk transmitted immunocompetent factors, as well as a model for the mechanisms involved in the resistance to EAE.
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PMID:Natural and experimental transfer of anti-Pertussis antibodies confers resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 767 36

Available data relating to pertussis and pertussis immunization are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted. Mortality due to pertussis is underreported. Most whole cell pertussis vaccines are effective; there is no evidence that pertussis vaccines cause brain damage. Moreover, acellular pertussis vaccines have been used successfully in Japan since 1981. Third-generation, genetically derived acellular pertussis vaccines have been developed, but knowledge of antigens and concentrations required has not kept pace with vaccine technology. There is substantial evidence that pertussis is not a single lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) toxin disease. Pertussis vaccine efficacy studies suggest that monocomponent LPF toxoid or biocomponent LPF toxoid/filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) vaccines are not as effective as vaccines that contain pertactin and fimbrial antigens as well as LPF toxoid and FHA. Future programs with multicomponent acellular vaccines and universal childhood immunization followed by booster doses in adults will effectively curtail disease incidence and the circulation of Bordetella pertussis.
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PMID:Acellular pertussis vaccines--a solution to the pertussis problem. 851 11


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