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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pertussis vaccine injected ip in doses known to cause hypersensitization resulted in a marked decrease in the number of mast cells from the peritoneal washings of rats and mice. A significant reduction was obtained as early as one day after pertussis injection of ten billion cells in rats and was marked after 5 to 7 days. A maximum reduction in the number of mast cells was obtained by a dose of 20 billion cells. There was no detectable histamine biological activity in the supernatant from peritoneal washings obtained after 10 min, 60 min, and 24 hr from control and pertussis-treated rats, indicating that pertussis did not cause degranulation of mast cells in vivo. The histamine content in the precipitated mast cell pellets from control rats was much higher than the corresponding histamine content from pertussis-treated rats. In rats and mice, propranolol and other beta adrenergic-blocking agents caused degranulation of mast cells in the peritoneal washings in vitro. Practolol was the least effective beta adrenergic-blocking agent in degranulating mast cells. Catecholamines, histamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, methacholine, and pertussis failed to cause any degranulation. Isoproterenol protected the mast cell against the degranulation induced by propranolol. Propranolol caused bluing in rat and mice skin when injected id. Mast cells from control and pertussis-injected rats were equally sensitive to propranolol in vitro. The low recovery of mast cells from the peritoneal washings of rats and mice is thought to be due to mobilization of mast cells away from the peritoneum.
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PMID:The effect of pertussis and beta adrenergic-blocking agents on mast cells. 0 84

An epidemic of pertussis occurred among hospital staff caring for paediatric patients. Eight physicians and five nurses were affected. Pertussis developed in six newborn infants exposed to infected hospital staff in the nursery. Erythromycin prophylaxis was used to control the epidemic. Clinical pertussis developed in five adults infected with Bordetella pertussis before erythromycin was used, whereas symptoms developed in only one of the eight adults who became infected after erythromycin prophylaxis was started. Pertussis vaccine was given to adult volunteers in the hospital, and in 77% of two hundred and eighty-six vaccinees there was a fourfold rise in pertussis agglutinins. Local reactions were common, and in two vaccinees generalised rashes developed. One of these required treatment with corticosteroids. The risk of pertussis occurring in adults providing medical care for children should be recognised, and employees with symptoms should be removed from the hospital environment.
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PMID:Use of pertussis vaccine in an epidemic involving hospital staff. 5 54

Death occurred earlier and the mortality rate was higher in one and two-week-old mice pretreated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine and infected intracerebrally with LCM virus, than in not pretreated animals of the same litter. Pertussis vaccine treatment contributed to the course of LCM virus infection ending in lethal meningitis in suckling mice, by accelerating the development of their cellular immune response.
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PMID:Course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection in suckling mice treated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. 75 19

The induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with purified myelin basic protein (MBP) has, heretofore, required its incorporation in a water-in-oil emulsion or adsorption on particulate adjuvants. In the present work, the absorption of a saline solution of MBP from the peritoneal cavity into the mediastinal lymph nodes was increased by giving repeated inoculations or by pretreating rats with a peritoneal irritant. Under these conditions, the only adjuvant needed for production of EAE was aqueous pertussis vaccine which was injected separately a few hours or one day after the MBP. Pertussis vaccine was also necessary for production of EAE with intradermal injection of aqueous MBP. By injecting the aqueous MBP directly into pre-enlarged popliteal lymph nodes, it was possible to produce EAE without the pertussis vaccine. Thus, EAE can be induced in rats using MBP without the addition of Freund's adjuvant or pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Encephalitogenicity for rats of myelin basic protein without the aid of water-in-oil emulsions. 170 24

In October 1984 in Sweden, a phase II trial of Biken acellular Pertussis vaccine was started and in 1986, a phase III trial of the same vaccine was begun. During the phase III trial, there were three cases of deaths out of 1,385 of study children at two, four and ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, due to severe invasive bacterial infections such as H. influenzae, Pneumococcus, or Meningococcus infection. A number of arguments arose about the results of the Phase III trial. No one can either prove or disprove the association between invasive bacterial infection and administration of acellular pertussis vaccine. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the side effects of Biken acellular DPT vaccine. The pediatricians inquired about the physical status of the children who received Biken acellular DPT vaccine. During the observation period, three out of 940 infants suffered from infectious diseases. One suffered from measles, the other from varicella and the last from mumps. Our retrospective study did not reveal any severe invasive bacterial infection cases cases such as the ones experienced in Sweden.
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PMID:Safety follow-up in a cohort of Biken acellular DPT vaccine recipients in Japan. 177 26

Pertussis vaccine immunization is required in most of the 50 states in the United States. Since it is required or recommended it is imperative that the clinician give this vaccine, crude as it is, in the safest possible environment. Giving specific active (verbal) as well as passive (written) instructions to the parent or caretakers is mandatory. If in doubt, defer or delete the pertussis portion.
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PMID:Toxicokinetics of Bordetella pertussis. 230 Nov 54

Pertussis is a severe epidemic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in unimmunized children. It is now clear, however, that adults with atypical disease account for many of the cases and are often responsible for transmission to susceptible infants. Because of the extent of unrecognized pertussis in the adult population, mass pediatric immunization has been successful in controlling the disease in children but not in reducing the presence of the organism in the United States. Pertussis immunization of children is associated with a high rate of side reactions and is temporally related to severe neurologic disease and death in infants. These events are often considered to be reactions, but available scientific evidence indicates that few, if any, are actually caused by pertussis immunization. Pertussis vaccine reactogenicity in adults is anecdotally considered to be worse than in children, but direct studies do not support that. In the context of current programs emphasizing adult immunization, consideration should be given to booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis in adults, using component pertussis vaccines when they become available.
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PMID:The past, present, and future of pertussis. The role of adults in epidemiology and future control. 276 49

Pertussis vaccine, pertussis toxin, and the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug phentolamine augment glucose-induced insulin secretion. The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between this action and the ability of these agents to prevent the inhibitory actions of adrenaline. Pertussis vaccine augmented glucose-induced insulin secretion in rat islets ex vivo and prevented the inhibitory actions of adrenaline and clonidine. Incubation of islets with phentolamine or the irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent benextramine also augmented glucose-induced insulin secretion. However, the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs idazoxan, yohimbine or phenoxybenzamine, in concentrations that prevented the inhibitory effects of adrenaline and/or clonidine, did not modify glucose-induced insulin release in vitro. Benextramine (1 X 10(-5) mol/l) blocked the inhibitory effect of clonidine, whilst having no significant effect on the response to adrenaline. It is concluded that stimulation of insulin secretion by certain alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs can be dissociated from their alpha-adrenoceptor properties. The ability of pertussis vaccine, phentolamine or benextramine to augment glucose-induced insulin release in vitro is unlikely to be due to the prevention of the inhibitory action of endogenous catecholamines.
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PMID:Augmentation of glucose induced insulin secretion by pertussis vaccine, phentolamine and benextramine: involvement of mechanisms additional to prevention of the inhibitory actions of catecholamines in rats. 289 54

Pertussis vaccine was originally accused of provoking a short latency explosive encephalopathy with serious mental and physical consequences. Reports of recurrence of encephalopathy, worse after each dose, strengthened the notion of causality. Anecdotal associations can be no more than hypothesis-generating. With no distinctive clinical or pathological neurology, a major epidemiological study was necessary to answer the question "Does whooping cough vaccine cause brain damage in children"? The British national Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES) seemed to indicate that very rarely the answer was yes. Unfortunately the NCES confused disorders which might be notified as "encephalopathy" with actual brain damaging events, imaging a continuum of injury. Close scrutiny of the individual cases, as was possible during the recent test case in the High Court of London, shows that all the temporally associated cases with permanent sequelae had either viral encephalitis or Reye's syndrome. No cases were unexplained. There was an apparent excess of febrile convulsions in the first 24 hours, but all these children were normal at follow-up. The short latency explosive encephalopathy with adverse outcome predicted by the earlier case series did not occur. The NCES gives no support to the idea that pertussis vaccine damages children's brains. Contra-indications to DTP should be the same as to DT.
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PMID:A neurologist looks at neurological disease temporally related to DTP immunization. 307 4

Pertussis vaccine depleted of endotoxin by the polymyxin-Sepharose affinity chromatography method was tested for toxic activity and protective effectiveness in mice. Preparations containing 1000-fold and 1 000 000-fold less endotoxin fulfilled the established experimental criteria for freedom from toxicity. A fourfold concentrate of the former demonstrated a protection rate only 10% less than that of standard, untreated pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Protective effectiveness of an endotoxin-depleted pertussis vaccine. 343 15


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