Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To provide information regarding pediatric hospital admissions prompted by adverse drug reactions, data were reviewed from an intensive drug surveillance program in which 10,297 patients admitted to diverse pediatric wards at four teaching and three community hospitals were systematically monitored. Among 3,026 neonatal intensive care unit admissions, 0.2% were prompted by adverse drug reactions; among 725 children with cancer, 22% of admissions were prompted by adverse drug reactions. Among 6,546 children with other conditions monitored on general medical and specialty wards at two teaching hospitals and on general pediatric wards at three community hospitals, 2% (131) of admissions were prompted by adverse drug reactions. Two patients (0.03%) died because of their reactions. The proportion of admissions prompted by drug reactions increased between infancy and 5 years of age and tended to be relatively stable thereafter. The drugs most commonly implicated in the admissions were phenobarbital, aspirin, phenytoin, ampicillin/amoxicillin, theophylline/aminophylline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Similar proportions of admissions were prompted by adverse drug reactions in teaching hospitals (2.1%) and in community hospitals (1.8%), and the drug groups implicated in these admissions were generally similar in the two settings. In contrast to adult populations, children with adverse drug reactions account for a small proportion of hospital admissions. Findings from this large, systematic study of pediatric admissions to teaching and community hospitals may serve as a baseline to which other pediatric facilities can compare their experience.
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PMID:Adverse drug reactions in children leading to hospital admission. 338 May 98

Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with various penicillin-ovalbumin (OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis for the purpose of obtaining rat anti-penicillin IgE sera. In the rat 60-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the hapten inhibition test, a weak cross reaction between penicillin G (PCG) and ampicillin (ABPC) was observed, but not cross reaction was observed between sulbenicillin (SBPC) and other penicillins. Rat anti-6-formamidopenicillanic acid (FPC) IgE serum reacted with PCG-bovine gamma globulin (BGG), ABPC-BGG and SBPC-BGG, but FPC-BGG did not react with rat anti-PCG, anti-ABPC and anti-SBPR IgE sera and the PCA reaction between anti-FPC IgE sera and FPC-BGG was inhibited by FPC, PCG, ABPC and SBPC. These results indicate that the antigenic active sites of PCG, ABPC and SBPC are limited to the acyl side chain moiety of penicillins, while the antigenic active site of FPC is confined to the penicilloyl moiety of the penicillin.
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PMID:IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. II. Antigenic specificity of rat anti-penicillin-OvA IgE sera. 616 3

A tube dilution test to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics against Bordetella pertussis is described. Five B. pertussis strains, including a well-characterized research strain and four fresh clinical isolates, were tested with several antibiotics. Erythromycin showed the highest in-vitro activity of the antibiotics tested. A concentration of 0.12 microgram/ml was bacteriostatic for all strains, while 2 microgram/ml was bactericidal. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations for ampicillin by tube tests were found to be higher than values previously reported for agar plate tests.
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PMID:Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Bordetella pertussis. 625 13

The susceptibilities to erythromycin, rifampin, polymyxin B, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin of 100 strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated between 1960 and 1981 were compared. No change in susceptibility to any of these drugs was noted.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from 1960 to 1981. 628 15

The in-vitro effect of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 152 strains of Bordetella pertussis was investigated. When tested against erythromycin, 96% of the isolated strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The other antibiotics did not inhibit the growth of Bord. pertussis at concentrations judged achievable in-vivo.
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PMID:In-vitro sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis. 630 63

Studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained. 1. Peak MIC of T-1982 against S. pyogenes (group A) lately isolated was 0.39 micrograms/ml, and the drug was active even against highly resistant strains of macrolides, lincomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. 2. Peak MICs of T-1982 were 0.78 microgram/ml against B. pertussis, 0.2 microgram/ml against E. coli and less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml against K. oxytoca, and the drug was also active against ampicillin-resistant bacteria. 3. Serum levels and urinary excretions of T-1982 were investigated in 6 cases. When given at a dose of 20-28 mg/kg by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion, serum concentrations of T-1982 attained the peak level of 63.5-75.9 micrograms/ml at the end of administration and sustained the level of 0.9-2.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, the serum half-life (T 1/2) ranging 70-82 minutes. Approximately 20-72% of the dose were excreted in the active form into urine within 6 hours. 4. Twenty-seven cases of acute pediatric infections were treated with T-1982 mainly by intravenous drip infusion, and satisfactory clinical results were obtained in all the cases of angina lacunaris, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pertussis, sepsis caused by Serratia and acute urinary tract infections caused by ampicillin-resistant E. coli. The efficacy rate was 96.3%. In this study the drug was administered chiefly at a daily dose of 50-70 mg/kg 2-3 times a day for 2-12 days. 5. Gram-positive cocci (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative rods (H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae P. vulgaris, B. pertussis, S. marcescens, E. coli) were eradicated by the treatment with T-1982. 6. No noticeable side effects were observed, except for temporary increase of eosinophil in 2 cases and slight elevation of GOT in 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperzone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, in the field of pediatrics]. 630 96

The susceptibilities to erythromycin, rifampin, polymyxin B, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin of five virulent phase I strains of Bordetella pertussis and their degraded phase IV descendants were compared. Increases in MICs of 2- to 16-fold were observed for erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin for four of the five degraded strains.
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PMID:Antibiotic resistance of degraded strains of Bordetella pertussis. 632 86

The pattern of antimicrobial prescribing for outpatients and inpatients in a Swedish pediatric department was evaluated in 1975 and 1982. The changes in the pattern during these 7 yr were small and, with regard to outpatients, very similar to those in the whole of Sweden. In these children phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) was the predominant antimicrobial (approximately 70%), followed by erythromycin and medium wide-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin/amoxycillin). Prescriptions for erythromycin in outpatients increased from 8 to 16%. The corresponding figures for Sweden as a whole were from 13 to 20%. This increase might partly be explained by the higher frequency of pertussis in Sweden in the last few years, but it is probably also a manifestation of an insufficiently motivated widening of the range of indications for erythromycin. A comparison between the prescribing patterns in Sweden and North America showed an obvious difference. In the USA the medium wide-spectrum penicillins are more used than penicillin V. This difference is discussed and found to be probably due to a real difference in antimicrobial policy. Penicillin V and G also dominated the inpatient prescriptions (51% in 1975 and 42% in 1982), which also differed from some North American hospitals.
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PMID:Patterns of antimicrobial therapy for pediatric patients. 669 54

Rats immunized with sulbenicillin-ovalbumin (SBPC-OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis produced high levels of anti-SBPC antibodies. Anti-SBPC antibodies were first detected on day 8, reaching the maximum titer on day 12 and rapidly declined thereafter. Anti-SBPC sera obtained on day 13 were sulfhydryl-labile and heat-labile. The optimal latent period in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was 60 approximately 72 hours. These results indicate that anti-SBPC antibodies were IgE antibodies. Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wister and F344 rats were equally productive of anti-SBPC antibodies, while SD rats were more productive of anti-cephaloridine (CER) antibodies than Wister and F344 rats did. In SD rats, the IgE antibodies for penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC) and SBPC were more easily produced than the IgE antibodies for CER, cefazolin (CEZ) and cephacetrile (CEC).
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PMID:IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. I. Characteristics of the IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. 725 12

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on SY5555, a new oral penem, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs were determined for 6 drugs, SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefdinir (CFDN) against 20 strains of bacteria isolated from patients who were subsequently treated with SY5555. MICs of SY5555 for Gram-positive cocci ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 microgram/ml against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC was < or = 0.025 microgram/ml against one strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, and MICs were from < or = 0.025 to 0.39 microgram/ml against Streptococcus pneumoniae. These MIC values were equivalent or superior to those of the other 5 drugs. MICs of SY5555 for Gram-negative bacilli were 0.39 and 6.25 micrograms/ml against Haemophilus influenzae, and these values were equivalent to those of the other drugs, except CPDX. The MIC of SY5555 was 0.39 microgram/ml against 2 strains of Escherichia coli, and this value was equivalent or superior to those of CVA/AMPC and CCL, similar or inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, and inferior to that of CTM. The MICs of several drugs were determined for 10 strains of Bordetella pertussis and 30 strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients before this clinical study. The MICs of SY5555 against the 10 strains of B. pertussis were compared with those of 7 drugs, CCL, CTM, CPDX, ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), imipenem (IPM) and erythromycin (EM). The MIC of SY5555 was 0.78 microgram/ml against all of the strains. This value was superior to those of CCL, CTM and CPDX, similar or inferior to that of IPM and inferior to those of PIPC and EM. The MICs of SY5555 against the 30 strains of C. jejuni were compared with those of 7 drugs. CCL, CTM, CPDX, CFDN, ABPC, IPM and EM, and the MIC of SY5555 was < or = 0.025 microgram/ml or 0.05 microgram/ml and these values were equivalent or superior to those of the 7 reference drugs. 2. SY5555 dry syrup was administered orally at 30 min. after meals, to a total of 5 patients, at doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg to 2 patients each and at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg to one patient and the plasma concentrations were determined. Peak concentrations were detected 1 to 3 hours after administration in all patients and the peak concentrations were 0.93 and 1.21 micrograms/ml at the 5.0 mg/kg dose, 2.85 and 5.49 micrograms/ml at the 10.0 mg/kg dose and 5.79 micrograms/ml at the 15.0 mg/kg dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of SY5555 in the pediatric field]. 774 14


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