Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothyroidism is associated with an enhanced sensitivity of rat fat cells to the inhibitory action of adenosine and adenosine agonists. The sensitivity of the forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP response of rat fat cells to the adenosine agonist N6-phenylisopropyladenosine is amplified 3-fold by hypothyroidism. Forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity is more sensitive to inhibition by this adenosine agonist in membranes of fat cells isolated from hypothyroid as compared to euthyroid rats. Hypothyroidism does not significantly alter the number of affinity of binding sites for N6-cyclohexyl[3H]adenosine or N6-phenylisopropyladenosine in membranes of rat fat cells. GTP-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase was markedly enhanced in the hypothyroid state, suggesting an alteration in the inhibitory regulatory component (Ni)-mediated control of adenylate cyclase. Incubating membranes with [alpha-32P]NAD+ and preactivated pertussis toxin results in the radiolabeling of two peptides with Mr = 40,000 and 41,000 as visualized in autoradiograms of polyacrylamide gels run in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of label incorporated by pertussis toxin into these two peptides (putative subunits of Ni) per mg of protein of membrane is increased 2-3-fold in the hypothyroid state. The amount of the stimulatory regulatory component, Ns, in fat cell membranes is not altered by hypothyroidism (Malbon, C. C., Graziano, M. P., and Johnson, G. L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3254-3260). The amplified response of hypothyroid rat fat cells to the inhibitory action of adenosine appears to reflect a specific increase in the activity and abundance of Ni.
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PMID:Fat cell adenylate cyclase system. Enhanced inhibition by adenosine and GTP in the hypothyroid rat. 298 25

Addition of N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (PIA) to cultured FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells led to a concentration-dependent inhibition of TSH-stimulated cAMP formation. Half-maximal inhibition was attained with approximately 0.5 nM PIA. Forskolin and cholera toxin-stimulated cAMP production were also inhibited by PIA. 3-Isobutyl-methylxanthine inhibited the effect of PIA. These results are consistent with the presence of inhibitory adenosine receptors (Ri). Ri-sites were further demonstrated by the binding of 3H-cyclohexyl-adenosine to FRTL-5 plasma membranes. High (Kd = 0.50 +/- 0.07 nM) and low affinity (Kd = 5.95 +/- 2.33 nM) binding sites were observed. Pretreatment of FRTL-5 cells with pertussis, but not cholera, toxin effectively antagonized the inhibitory effects of PIA on cAMP production. ADP-ribosylation of FRTL-5 membranes with [32P]-NAD in the presence of cholera or pertussis toxin specifically labeled a 45,000 and 41,000 Mr species, respectively, which correspond to the alpha subunit of the stimulatory and inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. These results demonstrate that PIA inhibits TSH-stimulated cAMP production via Ri-sites on FRTL-5 thyroid cells. PIA appears to exert its inhibitory effects through the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.
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PMID:Inhibition of thyrotropin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation in rat thyroid cells by an adenosine analog. Evidence that the inhibition is mediated by the putative inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. 301 48

In testicular Leydig cells, forskolin causes the expected stimulation of cAMP and testosterone production and potentiates gonadotropin-induced responses, when present in concentrations of 1-10 microM. In addition, when added at lower doses that did not affect cAMP generation and testosterone responses (100 nM), forskolin caused an increase in sensitivity to hormonal stimulation for all cAMP pools (extracellular, intracellular, and receptor-bound) and a 70% reduction in the ED50 for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation of testosterone production. Forskolin-induced increases in receptor-bound cAMP were less effective than those elicited by hCG in stimulating steroidogenesis. In contrast to the well-known stimulatory actions of forskolin, low doses of the diterpene (in the picomolar to nanomolar range) markedly inhibited the production of cAMP and testosterone. Such inhibitory actions of low-dose forskolin were prevented by preincubation of Leydig cells with pertussis toxin before addition of forskolin and/or hCG. Low concentrations of forskolin also inhibited adenylate cyclase activation by GTP and luteinizing hormone, and this effect was prevented by pretreatment of cell membranes with pertussis toxin. These studies have defined the stimulatory effects of forskolin on Leydig-cell cAMP pools, including potentiation of the hormonal increase in receptor-bound cyclic AMP by forskolin, and have provided additional evidence for the functional importance of cAMP compartmentalization during hormonal stimulation of steroidogenesis. We have also demonstrated a novel, high-affinity inhibitory action of forskolin upon adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP generation, an effect that appears to be mediated by the Ni guanine nucleotide regulatory subunit of adenylate cyclase.
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PMID:Inhibitory action of forskolin on adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP generation. 301 32

Hormonal control of cAMP production in the osteoclast has not been investigated in detail because this bone-resorbing cell has been difficult to isolate. We have used osteoclasts freshly isolated by disaggregation from neonatal rat long bones and settled onto coverslips (100-150 cells per coverslip) to examine the effects of calcitonin and prostaglandin E2 on osteoclast cAMP levels and cytoplasmic spreading. Salmon, eel, and human calcitonin (CT), and various analogs, stimulated cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner with relative potencies as seen in other response systems. Forskolin (10(-7) M) increased the sensitivity and amplitude of the response. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (200 ng/ml for 3 h) had no effect suggesting that CT does not act through Ni, the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory unit of adenylate cyclase. CT treatment was associated with rapid and dose-dependent induction of a persistent activated state of adenylate cyclase and homologous desensitization, the former being a particular feature of CT action previously observed in nonosteoclastic cells. Quantitative histomorphometry demonstrated a sensitive, dose dependent, and prolonged (greater than 2 h) reduction in osteoclast plan area after exposure to salmon CT. Although prostaglandin E2 also stimulated cAMP production and resulted in cell contraction in osteoclasts this was not associated with persistent activation of adenylate cyclase nor with prolonged contraction. Persistent activation of adenylate cyclase may be an important mechanism in CT inhibition of osteoclast function.
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PMID:Control of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in osteoclasts: calcitonin-induced persistent activation and homologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase. 303 71

Dopamine inhibits and serotonin stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in a neuroblastoma X Chinese hamster brain explant cell line (NCB-20). The inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation by dopamine was blocked by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. Carbachol and bradykinin stimulated the accumulation of water-soluble inositol phosphates whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, neurotensin, and phenylephrine were without effect. Dopamine and serotonin had no significant effect on carbachol-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis or the levels of the parent lipids within the membrane. Forskolin induced a much larger stimulation of cyclic AMP than did serotonin, and caused an increase in the levels of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the cell membrane.
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PMID:Activation of dopamine receptors does not affect phosphoinositide turnover in NCB-20 cells. 303 93

Incubation of FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell membranes with [32P]NAD and pertussis toxin results in the specific ADP-ribosylation of a protein of about 40 kDa. This protein has the same molecular mass of the alpha i subunit of the adenylate cyclase regulatory protein Ni and is distinct from proteins ADP-ribosylated by cholera toxin in the same membranes. Prior treatment of FRTL-5 cells with pertussis toxin results in the ADP-ribosylation of Ni, as indicated by the loss of the toxin substrate in the ADP-ribosylation assay performed with membranes prepared from such cells. Preincubation of FRTL-5 cells with thyrotropin causes the same loss; cholera toxin has no such effect. Pertussis toxin, as do thyrotropin and cholera toxin, increases cAMP levels in FRTL-5 cells. Forskolin together with thyrotropin, cholera toxin or pertussis toxin causes a further increase in cAMP levels. Pertussis toxin and thyrotropin are not additive in their ability to increase adenylate cyclase activity, whereas both substances are additive with cholera toxin. A role of Ni in the thyrotropin regulation of the adenylate cyclase activity in thyroid cells is proposed.
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PMID:Thyrotropin effect on the availability of Ni regulatory protein in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells to ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin. 303 42

Functional interaction of the inhibitory GTP regulatory component (Ni) with the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit has not previously been demonstrated after detergent solubilization. The present report describes a sodium cholate-solubilized preparation of rat cerebral cortical membrane adenylate cyclase that retains guanine nucleotide-mediated inhibition of activity. Methods of membrane preparation, cholate extraction, and assay conditions were manipulated such that guanosine-5'-(beta-gamma-imido)triphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] inhibited basal activity 40-60%. The rank order of potency among various GTP analogs was similar in cholate extracts and in membranes: guanosine-5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) greater than Gpp(NH)p greater than GTP. Inclusion of 0.1 mM EGTA reduced basal activity 70-90% and abolished Gpp(NH)p inhibition of basal activity in both membranes and cholate extracts. Forskolin-stimulated activity was also inhibited by Gpp(NH)p. Treatment of either membranes or cholate extracts with N-ethylmaleimide abolished Gpp(NH)p inhibition. Gel filtration of the cholate extract over a Sepharose 6B column in 0.1% Lubrol PX partially resolved the adenylate cyclase components. However, Gpp(NH)p inhibition of basal activity (60% of the control) was maintained in select column fractions. Sucrose gradient centrifugation totally resolved the catalytic subunit from both functional Ni and stimulatory GTP regulatory component (Ns) activities. The sedimentation of functional Ni activity was detected by assaying the ability of sucrose gradient fractions to confer Gpp(NH)p inhibition of the resolved catalytic activity. Labeling of gradient or column fractions with pertussis toxin and [32P]NAD revealed that both the 39,000- and 41,000-dalton substrates comigrated with the functional Ni activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interaction of the inhibitory GTP regulatory component with soluble cerebral cortical adenylate cyclase. 308 47

The effects of pertussis toxin, forskolin and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the antinociceptive action of intrathecal purines were examined to investigate the possible involvement of adenylate cyclase in spinal antinociception. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.25 and 0.5 microgram) inhibited the antinociceptive action of L-phenyl-isopropyladenosine (L-PIA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) in the tail flick and hot plate tests. Forskolin (10-30 micrograms) reduced the effect of CHA and NECA in the hot plate test. Ro 201724 (30 micrograms) and Rolipram (20 micrograms) inhibited CHA in the tail flick and hot plate tests, but did not affect NECA in either test. These results suggest (1) spinal antinociception by purines is mediated by interactions with G-proteins (Gi linked to adenylate cyclase and/or Go linked to ion channels) (2) spinal antinociception by CHA is due to inhibition of adenylate cyclase (3) a separate mechanism, which does not involve stimulation of adenylate cyclase, may be involved in the spinal action of NECA.
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PMID:Role of G-proteins and adenylate cyclase in antinociception produced by intrathecal purines. 314 8

Organotypic cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants (2-4 weeks in vitro) contain forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is inhibited by levorphanol and other opioid agonists in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition by levorphanol no longer occurs if sodium is omitted from the incubation and the levorphanol inhibition is blocked by the opioid antagonist, naloxone. These findings together with the ineffectiveness of dextrorphan indicate that the opioid inhibition of forskolin-stimulated AC is receptor mediated. Both the delta- and kappa-receptor subtypes appear to be involved since the selective delta-opioid agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and the selective kappa-opioid agonist, t-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-benzene acetamide (U-50,488H) are both effective at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, the selective mu-opioid agonist, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N-MePhe-Gly-ol, has no significant effect even at micromolar concentrations. Both cord and ganglion components of the explants contain opioid-sensitive AC. Forskolin-stimulated AC of the explants is also inhibited by serotonin and carbachol. The serotonin effect appears to be mediated by 5-HT1A receptors, based on relative agonist and antagonist selectivity. Chronic exposure of cultures to morphine results in enhanced basal and forskolin-stimulated AC as well as attenuation of opioid-inhibition of AC assayed in the presence of forskolin; treatment of explants with pertussis toxin causes similar changes in the AC system. The inhibitory effect of serotonin is also attenuated by the pertussis toxin treatment. Basal AC activity of the explants (assayed without forskolin present) is stimulated to a small but significant extent by opioids and by serotonin. The opioid stimulatory effect is markedly enhanced following either morphine or pertussis toxin treatment of the explants. The attenuation of opioid- and serotonin-inhibition of AC produced by chronic exposure to pertussis toxin and the attenuation of opioid inhibition produced by exposure to morphine are consonant with the attenuation of opioid and monoaminergic depression of sensory evoked dorsal horn network responses after similar chronic treatments. It is proposed that the inhibitory effects of opioids and serotonin on these neurons are mediated by receptors that are negatively coupled via a pertussis toxin sensitive Gi protein to AC. Furthermore, alterations of AC with chronic morphine treatment may be involved in the development of physiologic tolerance to opioids.
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PMID:Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity of mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants by opioids, serotonin and pertussis toxin. 337 Apr 65

In human osteosarcoma membranes, gold(III) (Au(III)) inhibits prostaglandin E2- and isoproterenol-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity without affecting basal enzyme activity. Forskolin activation of adenylate cyclase is also blocked by Au(III) with ID50 of 1-2 microM. The inhibition by Au(III) is preserved in membranes prepared from pertussis toxin-treated cells. The inhibitory effect of Au(III) is additive to inhibition of adenylate cyclase by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine. These data provide evidence that the action of Au(III) is at or near the catalytic moiety of the cyclase system and that Au(III) does not act via the guanine nucleotide-binding inhibitory component or the adenosine P-site inhibitory pathway.
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PMID:Gold(III) inhibits activated human osteosarcoma adenylate cyclase by an action at or near the catalytic component. 349 71


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