Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To gain insight into the mechanisms that could account for the augmentation of cellular reactivity in primary hypertension, we have examined some of the biochemical events which are implicated in the transmission of mitogenic signal as well as in cell reactivity. This study focussed on phospholipase C, protein kinase C and GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins), in response to thrombin or arginin-vasopressin (AVP). Cultured fibroblasts prepared from the adventitia of thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were used as cell models and were compared with fibroblasts prepared from controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The mitogenicity of each agonist was estimated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the newly synthesized DNA. The agonist-induced phospholipase C activity was evaluated by measuring the production of 3H-inositol phosphates in cells prelabeled with 3H-inositol. The influence of protein kinase C and that of G proteins on the mitogenesis in cells stimulated by thrombin or AVP was determined by pretreating cells with phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (TPA) and pertussis toxin, respectively. Kinetics and dose response studies have demonstrated that in response to thrombin and AVP, the phospholipase C activity and the incorporation of 3H-thymidine were significantly higher in the fibroblasts derived from SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1991 Aug
PMID:[Activation mechanisms by thrombin and vasopressin of fibroblasts in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. 195 75

The effect of left ventricular chronic pressure overload on right atrial (RA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) density and subtypes ([I125] cyanopindolol binding), adenylate cyclase activity (AC) and ADP-pertussis toxin ribosylated proteins was investigated in 13 patients with aortic stenosis (AO) and compared with the results obtained in 10 patients with mitral stenosis (MI) taken as controls. None of the patients included had any impairement of systolic function or increased plasma catecholamine levels. The total number of beta-AR in RA (62 +/- 6 vs 77 +/- 12 fmoles/mg prot) and LV (39 +/- 7 vs 32 +/- 2 fmoles/mg prot) was similar in AO and in MI. The percentage of beta 1-AR was significantly lower in LV from AO (35 +/- 11 vs 73 +/- 5% in MI) but identical in RA (79 +/- 5 vs 73 +/- 8%). The basal activity of AC was similar in membranes from patients with AO (19 +/- 4 and 22 +/- 5 pmol.mg-1 prot in RA and LV) and in controls (21 +/- 6 and 27 +/- 3 pmol.mg-1 prot in RA and LV). Isoprenaline-induced stimulation of AC was significantly lower in LV membranes from patients with AO (7 +/- 6 vs 45 +/- 6% in MI) but remained identical in RA membranes (51 +/- 18 vs 36 +/- 18% in MI). The quantification of ADP-pertussis toxin ribosylated proteins indicated a lower substrate concentration in myocardial membranes from patients with AO when compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1993 Aug
PMID:[Beta-adrenergic receptivity and left ventricular hypertrophy caused by pressure overload in man]. 812 8

Mammalian endothelium acts as a mediator in arterial and venous relaxation and contraction. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is due to endothelial release of powerful, non-prostanoid vasodilatory substances. The best known of these is the endothelial factor EDRF identified as nitrous oxide (NO). It is the end result of the metabolism of L-arginine by the NO synthetase of endothelial cells. In arterial smooth muscle, the relaxation induced by EDRF is explained by NO stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase, leading to accumulation of GMPc (cyclic guanosine monophosphate). In some animal vessels and in human coronary arteries, endothelial cells release a substance which induces hyperpolarisation of the cell membrane (endothelial derived hyperpolarising factor, EDHF). Release of EDRF by the cell membrane may be mediated by G proteins sensitive to pertussis toxin (activation of the alpha 2 adrenoreceptor, serotonin, platelet aggregation, leukotrienes) or non-sensitive G proteins (adenosine-diphosphate (ADP), bradykinin). In animal blood vessels where the endothelium is regenerated and reperfused, and/or atherosclerotic, a selective loss of the mechanism of EDRF release is observed, sensitive to pertussis toxin, which favors vasospasm, thrombosis and cellular proliferation. The available data on isolated or in situ human blood vessels concord with studies on isolated animal tissues. In addition to the relaxation factors, endothelial cells can also secrete contracting factors (endothelium derived contracting factors: EDCF); these include superoxide anions, endoperoxides, thromboxane A2 and endothelin. Animal studies indicate that the tendency to release EDCF is maintained or even increased in damaged vessels. The change from normally dominant EDRF release to EDCF release could play an important role in atherosclerosis.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1997 Nov
PMID:[Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis]. 951 9

The aims of this study was to characterize the functional response of atypical beta-adrenoceptors (beta-AR) in rat aorta and to investigate whether this relaxation was altered before and during the development of hypertension. Aortic rings from 4 or 12 weeks old Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were placed in organ baths and constricted with phenylephrine. Then, cumulative concentration-relaxation curves to the beta-AR agonists were constructed. In intact aortic rings from 12 weeks old WKY rats, CGP 12,177 (CGP) and cyanopindolol (partial beta 3-AR agonists and atypical beta-AR agonists with beta 1/beta 2-AR antagonist properties) produced concentration-dependent relaxation (pD2 = 5.09 +/- 0.03; Emax = 60.4 +/- 2.5%; n = 9; pD2 = 6.17 +/- 0.05; Emax = 95.9 +/- 1%; n = 5 respectively). The endothelium removal did not modify this relaxation. In 12 weeks old WKY rats, the endothelium-independent relaxation to CGP was not modified in the presence of nadolol (beta 1/beta 2-AR antagonist) or L-748 337 (beta 3-AR antagonist) excluding the participation of beta 1, beta 2 et beta 3-AR in this effect. By contrast, this relaxation was significantly inhibited by CGP 20712A or bupranolol, atypical beta-AR antagonists at high concentrations. In 12 weeks old SHR, endothelium-independent relaxation to CGP or cyanopindolol was greatly inhibited. In order to sought out whether impairment of atypical beta-AR-mediated relaxation was due to hypertension, experiments were performed in 4 weeks old SHR. At this age, CGP-induced relaxation was greatly inhibited compared to that obtained in age-matched WKY rats. In 12 weeks old SHR pretreated with pertussis toxin (10 micrograms/kg i.p./3 days), the relaxant effect to CGP was partly restored. We conclude that the atypical beta-AR were functionally expressed in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aorta. In 4 or 12 weeks old SHR rats, atypical beta-AR-mediated relaxation was impaired, suggesting that this dysfunction occurs before the establishment of hypertension. Gi proteins may be one of the factors that contributes to this impairment.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss
PMID:[Impairment of atypical beta-adrenergic-mediated relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats before and during the development of arterial hypertension]. 1294 29

The origin of contamination in pertussis of young infants is generally the close relatives. From 2000 to 2004, only serology and culture were available in our hospital. The families of 16 young infants (age below one year) hospitalized for pertussis were screened using serological tests: 21/48 contacts were positive. After 2004, PCR was available for exploration of index cases and families: 35/85 contacts were positive. Of the mothers tested 23/46 were positive compared to 14/41 fathers. Only one parent presented with a typical paroxystic pertussis cough, 60% presented with a nonparoxystic cough having lasted for more than five days and 40% of positive adults did not present with cough. Despite official recommendations, none of these young parents had received an antipertussis booster vaccination. This study shows the high frequency of atypical or nonsymptomatic pertussis in adults in the close family of infected young infants. These adults contribute to spreading the disease.
Med Mal Infect 2008 Sep
PMID:[Systematic family screening in case of infant pertussis]. 1871 31

Respiratory tract infections are a major reason of antibiotic prescription. Some of these infections can be prevented by vaccination. In France, the main new data concerns the following vaccines: Haemophilus influenzae: besides the vaccine effectiveness H. influenzae b, that is a virulent capsulated strain, a polyvalent vaccine effective against non-capsulated strains, responsible for otitis media, is under development. Pneumococci: the conjugated heptavalent vaccine recommended for all infants in the USA since the year 2000 allowed a dramatic drop in the incidence of invasive infections and of otitis media due to pneumococci, with an indirect impact reducing the frequency of pneumonia in adults. Influenza: the vaccinal coverage remains insufficient in people targeted by recommendations, particularly in health care workers. New recommendations concern some travel agents, people living in close contact with infants at risk and women immediately after delivery of a newborn at risk. Pertussis: the vaccinal coverage of preadolescents is insufficient. Vaccination of adults is mainly recommended for people who are expected to be in close contact with newborns (health care workers, parents). Tuberculosis: BCG vaccination is no longer mandatory, but is now strongly recommended for all infants in the greater Paris area, French Guyana, and for all infants at risk, especially immigrants depending on their native country. Varicella: universal vaccination is not recommended. To prevent respiratory complications in adults, the vaccine is now recommended for all varicella naive teenagers.
Med Mal Infect 2008 Aug
PMID:[Current data on vaccines for respiratory diseases]. 1872 26

The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA); which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. With 12,500 deaths in the United States in 2009-2010, the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. But it essentially hit the young, and the toll calculated in years of life lost is high. The monovalent vaccines, whether live attenuated or inactivated with or without adjuvants, were well tolerated in toddlers, children, adults and pregnant women. In order to protect infants against pertussis, family members are urged to get their booster shots. The introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in the beginning of 2010 may solve--but for how long?--the problem of serotype replacement, responsible for the re-increasing incidence of invasive Pneumococcal infections observed in countries that had introduced the 7-valent vaccine. The efficacy of a rotavirus vaccine has been confirmed, with a reduction in hospitalization in the United States and a reduction in gastroenteritis-related deaths in Mexico. In the United States, vaccination of pre-adolescents against human papillomavirus (HPV) has not resulted in any specific undesirable effects. Routine vaccination against chicken pox, recommended since 1995, has not had an impact on the evolution of the incidence of shingles. Vaccination against shingles, recommended in the United States for subjects 60 years and over, shows an effectiveness of 55%, according to a cohort study (Kaiser Permanente, Southern California). Although some propose the development of personalized vaccines according to individual genetic characteristics, the priority remains with increasing vaccine coverage, not only in infants but also in adults and the elderly. Vaccine calendars that cover a whole lifetime should be promoted, since the vaccination of adults and seniors is a determining factor of good health at all ages.
Med Mal Infect 2011 May
PMID:[Current events in vaccination]. 2148 33

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, an infectious disease of the respiratory tract that is re-emerging despite high vaccine coverage. Here we examined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) adapter protein Mal in the control of B. pertussis infection in the lungs. We found that B. pertussis bacterial load in the lungs of Mal-defective (Mal(-/-)) mice exceeded that of wild-type (WT) mice by up to 100-fold and bacteria disseminated to the liver in Mal(-/-) mice and 50% of these mice died from the infection. Macrophages from Mal(-/-) mice were defective in an early burst of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and in their ability to kill or constrain intracellular growth of B. pertussis. Importantly, the B. pertussis bacterial load in the lungs inversely correlated with the number of alveolar macrophages. Despite the maintenance and expansion of other cell populations, alveolar macrophages were completely depleted from the lungs of infected Mal(-/-) mice, but not from infected WT mice. Our findings define for the first time a role for a microbial pattern-recognition pathway in the survival of alveolar macrophages and uncover a mechanism of macrophage-mediated immunity to B. pertussis in which Mal controls intracellular survival and dissemination of bacteria from the lungs.
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PMID:A critical role for the TLR signaling adapter Mal in alveolar macrophage-mediated protection against Bordetella pertussis. 2551 29

The aging population raises a number of public health issues including a need to address the severity and frequency of infections observed in older people. Vaccines play an important role in prevention. However, immunosenescence alters the intensity and quality of vaccine responses, thus limiting the impact of recommendations directed after 65 years for vaccination against flu, pneumococci, pertussis, tetanus and zoster. Immunosenescence, aggravated by co-morbidities, varies with age, becoming apparent after 60-65 years and more profound after 85 years. All stages of vaccine responses are affected by immunosenescence, from the innate immunity required to activate these responses to the induction of protective antibody responses and immune memory. Nevertheless, the capacity to develop new responses to primary vaccination is more affected than the ability to respond to recalls, although this is also impaired. Responses to vaccines are differentially altered depending on vaccine and age. Influenza vaccines are modestly immunogenic and several meta-analyses agree an estimate for efficacy of about 50% against virologically-proven flu and 40% against flu-related deaths. The anti-pneumococcal 23-valent non-conjugated vaccine does not induce memory while the 13-valent conjugated one does, but their efficacy are likely to be similar between 70 to 52% before 75 years. A sequential vaccination program with the 13-valent primo-vaccination followed by the 23-valent, recommended in immune-suppressed patients, is currently being studied in France. The waning of immunity to pertussis makes recalls necessary in the elderly who develop good antibody responses. Several research avenues are currently being pursued to try improve the degree of protection conferred by these vaccines in elderly.
Rev Mal Respir 2019 Nov
PMID:[Alterations in responses to vaccines in older people]. 3152 47

Vaccines have saved millions of lives and reduced the severity of many infections. A reduction in vaccination coverage is now reflected in the re-emergence of epidemics of mumps, pertussis, measles and chickenpox. Many people do not recognize the effectiveness of vaccination and fear the side effects. The main concern is the safety of vaccines. Lack of information weighs less than lack of trust in health authorities. The greater responsibility of the individual and the respect for his free will, may lead the authorities to a less vigourous promotion of the "vaccination duty" which is also a social duty. The attitude of individuals is guided by their health beliefs which are often supported by an erroneous perception of risk. In addition, insidious anti-vaccine lobbying plays on fears and uses biased reasoning that the media help to amplify. Thus the analysis of the brakes to vaccination both in the general population and among health professionals, the dismantling of the arguments developed by the anti-vaccine leagues and vigilance with regard to "fake news" should allow a concerted communication, transparent, clear and effective, in order to limit the occurrence of preventable deaths.
Rev Mal Respir 2019 Oct
PMID:[Distrust of vaccination: Why?] 3152 51


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