Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunogenic properties of TVGRGDPHQ nonapeptide which is correspondent to the region 1094-1102 of B. pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were studied. The conjugate of bovine serum albumin with nonapeptide was used for immunization of BALB/c and CBA mice. Antisera of the both lines of mice cross-reacted with a number of antigens, but using affinity chromatography peptide and FHA specific antibodies were extracted. Affinity purified rabbit antibodies to TVGRGPHQ which recognize FHA were also obtained. Therefore the antibodies to the peptide which placed RGD-containing region responsible for macrophage CR3-integrin interaction are capable to distinguish the native antigen. Thus these data are an additional evidence for the nonapeptide use as a component of synthetic vaccine against whooping-cough.
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PMID:Analysis of immunogenic properties of nonapeptide TVGRGDPHQ from Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin. 799 47

In conjunction with a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany, nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from May, 1992, to March, 1993, from patients with cough illnesses. Clinical data were obtained by initial and follow-up questionnaires. Bordetella parapertussis was isolated from 38 patients (mean age, 3.5 years; 68% girls). Clinical characteristics in these cases were compared with those of 76 patients (matched by age and sex) with illness caused by Bordetella pertussis during the same period. Findings were: (B. pertussis/B. parapertussis): cough > 4 weeks 57%/37% (P = 0.06); whoop 80%/59% (P = 0.07); whoop > 2 weeks 26%/18% (P = 0.05); paroxysms 90%/83% (P = 0.5); body temperature > or = 38 degrees C 9%/0% (P = 0.17); vomiting 47%/42% (P = 0.69); and mean leukocyte and lymphocyte counts 12,500/mm3 and 7600/mm3 (P < 0.0001) and 7800/mm3 and 3500/mm3 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Illness caused by B. parapertussis was typical of pertussis but less severe than that caused by B. pertussis. In contrast with B. pertussis infection, lymphocytosis is not a characteristic of B. parapertussis infection. This is most likely a result of the lack of production of lymphocytosis-promoting factor toxin by B. parapertussis.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of illness caused by Bordetella parapertussis compared with illness caused by Bordetella pertussis. 803 48

A pertussis outbreak was studied prospectively in an elementary school with 39 pupils. All had been immunized with at least three doses of Finnish diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccine. Diagnosis of pertussis was based on culture, polymerase chain reaction results, and EIA serology using filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertussis toxin, and 69-kDa outer membrane protein as antigens. At the first sampling, 21 children had symptoms suggestive of pertussis, and 18 were healthy. Of the latter, 8 remained healthy without any antibiotic treatment and 9 developed clinical pertussis 1-22 days later. One child developed cough later, but this symptom did not meet criteria for pertussis. The mean levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to FHA were significantly higher in 8 healthy children than in 9 children who developed pertussis after the first sampling (P < .001, P = .027, and P = .011, respectively). The results show that antibodies to FHA of Bordetella pertussis in immunized schoolchildren correlate with protection against pertussis.
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PMID:Antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis and protection against whooping cough in schoolchildren. 807 34

The authors show a scientific literary review on Ch. trachomatis pneumonia. A distinctive syndrome pneumonia has been reported in infants infected by Chlamydia (at 2-3 months of age) in genital-urinary infected mothers. The infection may be preceded by conjunctivitis, in apyrexia followed by attacks of coughing pertussis-like. Blood eosinophilia is present. Although favorable prognosis in infancy, erythromycin is the drug of choice shortening the clinical course erythromycin is also recommended in woman infected prevention.
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PMID:[Pulmonary infections in children. III. Pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis]. 809 Jan 37

Adult Sprague-Dawley rats infected intrabronchially with Bordetella pertussis strain 18-323 encased in agarose beads (BP-beads), developed a paroxysmal cough and leucocytosis, both of which peaked at around day 10. When animals were exposed to ether for 2 min after delivery of the beads, there was an enhancement of the number of subsequent coughing episodes. Inclusion of carrageenan in the beads also enhanced coughing. Control rats, given sterile beads or left untreated, showed only a low level of coughing or no coughing, depending upon their source. Rats challenged by the same route with heat-killed B. pertussis in beads, or with live organisms in suspension (without beads) showed no cough induction or leucocytosis. However, intranasal delivery of B. pertussis suspension gave rise to a moderate amount of coughing and leucocytosis. Serum IgG responses to B. pertussis antigens were greatest in rats infected with BP-beads and antibodies against both pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin were detected. Since the rat is the only conveniently accessible laboratory animal species in which B. pertussis induces an intermittent paroxysmal cough, as in man, it merits further study for determining the mechanisms of pathogenesis and immunity in pertussis.
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PMID:Cough production, leucocytosis and serology of rats infected intrabronchially with Bordetella pertussis. 811 72

One hundred forty-five infants were vaccinated with 25 micrograms of pertussis toxoid (NICHD-Ptxd) at 3, 5 and 7 or at 3, 5 and 12 months of age. One month after the third vaccination all had high serum IgG and neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin) against pertussis toxin. Vaccination at 3, 5 and 12 months resulted in higher antibody titers than vaccination at 3, 5 and 7 months. Sera obtained from 109 children at 3 years of age showed a decline of antibodies, but all had detectable antibodies. Adverse reactions were confined to local redness and swelling, which exceeded 2 cm after 17% of all injections. When the children were 3 years old, a comparison was made of the incidence of clinical pertussis in 142 of the 145 vaccinated children and in 284 age-matched controls living in the same areas. Information on symptoms of pertussis was obtained from the parents during telephone interviews. None of the vaccinated children had clinical pertussis, defined as a 6-week course of paroxysmal cough with whooping attacks or vomiting, whereas 57 controls (20%) had experienced these symptoms. Sixteen vaccinated children were exposed to pertussis in the household. Two of them had laboratory-verified Bordetella pertussis infections with cough of 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, without whooping attacks or vomiting, whereas 14 did not develop a cough. The study shows that NICHD-Ptxd is immunogenic in infants and that it most likely confers a high degree of protection against pertussis.
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PMID:Safety, immunogenicity and an open, retrospective study of efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine in infants. 817 Jul 28

Phase I strains 18-323, Tohama and L-84 of Bordetella pertussis produced paroxysmal coughing when encased in agarose beads and administered intrabronchially to adult Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, the Phase IV variant of strain L-84 was inactive in cough induction, as was strain BP 357, a transposon-insertion mutant which is deficient only in pertussis toxin (PT). Strain BPM 1809, which lacks only the heat-labile toxin, was similar to the unmodified Phase I strains for cough induction, indicating that this toxin is not needed to induce coughing. B. parapertussis also was inactive as a cough inducer. These results indicate that PT, present in Phase I strains of B. pertussis, and absent from Phase IV strains, strain BP 357 and B. parapertussis, is essential for the induction of paroxysmal coughing in this rat model of whooping cough. Prior injection of DTP (whole-cell) vaccine greatly reduced the incidence of coughing in rats challenged subsequently with Phase I B. pertussis. Serological responses were monitored after intrabronchial infection with the various bacterial strains and after vaccination and challenge. The PT-positive or -negative status of the strains in vivo was confirmed by the appropriate presence or absence of anti-PT IgG in the convalescent sera.
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PMID:Responses to Bordetella pertussis mutant strains and to vaccination in the coughing rat model of pertussis. 817 18

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pertussis toxin promoter region was used to detect Bordetella pertussis infection in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 24 infants and children infected with pertussis and 13 adult contacts during an epidemiological study. The sensitivity of this PCR assay was approximately one bacterium, and the assay was specific for B. pertussis in tests with other Bordetella species and other respiratory pathogens. The pertussis case definition required a cough with a duration of more than 21 days for infants and children and laboratory confirmation by serology as the primary detection method for infants, children, and adults. The sensitivity of PCR and culture on Bordet-Gengou agar medium was assessed with regard to the case definitions. In the group of infants and children (index cases), the sensitivities of the culture and the PCR were 54.1% (13 of 24) and 95.8% (23 of 24), respectively. In the adult group (household contacts), the sensitivities of the two methods were 15.4% (2 of 13) and 61.5% (8 of 13), respectively. PCR combined with pertussis-specific serology appears to be a useful tool for diagnosis of pertussis especially in epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Comparison of polymerase chain reaction, culture, and western immunoblot serology for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection. 825 76

The objective of a vaccine for pertussis is to prevent the paroxysmal cough with its complications. Prevention of the paroxysmal cough should prevent transmission of B. pertussis. Clinical studies indicate that a critical level of antitoxin confers protection against pertussis and that the long-lived protective immunity that follows pertussis is best explained by the presence of antitoxin. Vaccine-induced protective immunity can be mediated by a critical level of antitoxin alone. In addition to preventing pertussis with vaccines, we predict this level of antitoxin will also exert epidemiologic control (herd immunity) by inhibition of colonization with B. pertussis and by prevention of the paroxysmal cough which will reduce transmission of this pathogen. Lastly, a pertussis toxoid need not have detectable pharmacologic activity to exert its protective actions: residual activity could exert a deleterious effect on glucose metabolism and exert immunomodulating effects. Accordingly the new pertussis vaccine should contain inactivated pertussis toxoid alone and there is no need to include other components. Several candidates could serve as a satisfactory pertussis toxoid. The admonition to physicians given by Hippocrates, Primum non nocere (first of all do no harm), should be heeded by those responsible for the development and use of the new pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Primum non nocere: a pharmacologically inert pertussis toxoid alone should be the next pertussis vaccine. 828 14

As a support service for a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, a central diagnostic laboratory was established. Physicians in the geographic areas of the planned study were encouraged to send nasopharyngeal specimens from children and household contacts with cough illnesses whether or not the illnesses were typical of pertussis. From April, 1991, to February, 1992, 3629 specimens were received and in 601 instances (16.6%) Bordetella pertussis was isolated. Only 3.3% of patients with positive cultures had received pertussis vaccine whereas 16.1% of culture-negative patients had received vaccine (P < 0.0001). Fever was more common (12.2%) in patients with negative cultures compared with those with positive cultures (5.4%) (P < 0.0001). B. pertussis isolation rates fell markedly after 21 days of cough. Significantly more patients with negative cultures compared with those with positive cultures had been treated with erythromycin (8.5 vs. 2.9%; P < 0.0001). Patients with cough for greater than 4 weeks and specimen collection within 2 weeks of cough onset had a B. pertussis isolation rate of 59%. Similarly if whoop occurred under the same circumstances the isolation rate was 80%. In this study 25.5% of patients with culture confirmed pertussis had illnesses with cough of less than 21 days duration. This finding suggests to us that a pertussis case definition in efficacy trials that requires cough of 21 days is excessively restrictive.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of pertussis in the regions of a large vaccine efficacy trial in Germany. 834 82


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