Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidemiology of whooping cough in a vaccinated population was studied during an outbreak of paroxysmal cough in an elementary school with 258 pupils in Turku, Finland. Nasopharyngeal specimens for isolation of Bordetella pertussis and/or sera for ELISA detection of antipertussis immunoglobulin M, A and G antibodies were taken from 94% of children who were prospectively followed for two months. Bordetella pertussis was isolated in six patients, and 17 culture-positive cases with Bordetella parapertussis were identified. Patients with Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis were found simultaneously in the same classrooms. Comparison of immunoglobulin M responses to Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis was used for differential diagnosis of these two infections. Twenty-six cases with pertussis and 27 cases with parapertussis were diagnosed. The results of this prospective study suggest that Bordetella parapertussis is a more common etiologic agent of mild respiratory tract infection among vaccinated school-aged children than is generally recognised. The possibility that Bordetella pertussis was converted to Bordetella parapertussis during this outbreak is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Mixed outbreak of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infection in Finland. 286 Oct 90

3801 children aged 5-11 months were entered into a blind placebo-controlled trial of pertussis vaccine. 954 were randomised to receive placebo (vaccine solvent), 1419 to receive a two-component vaccine containing formaldehyde detoxified lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous haemagglutinin, and 1428 to receive an LPF-toxoid vaccine. After 7-13 weeks 3724 infants received a second dose. Immediate side-effects were mild. Small local reactions occurred more often in the vaccinated infants than in those who received placebo, especially after the second dose of the two-component vaccine. During 15 months of follow-up from 30 days after the second dose, culture-confirmed whooping cough (cough and a positive culture of Bordetella pertussis) occurred in 40 placebo, 27 LPF-toxoid vaccine, and 18 two-component vaccine recipients. The point estimate of protective efficacy was 54% (95% confidence intervals 26-72%) for the LPF-toxoid vaccine and 69% (47-82) for the two-component vaccine; protection against culture-confirmed whooping cough of over 30 days duration was 80% (59-91%) and 79% (57-90%), respectively.
 ...
PMID:Placebo-controlled trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines in Sweden--protective efficacy and adverse events. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines. 289 26

Specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) was determined in mucosal secretions by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It took 3 to 4 h to complete the ELISA. The upper limits of normal values for age were determined in nasopharyngeal (NPH) secretions from 23 patients with viral infections and in 10 healthy adults working with pertussis patients or cultures. A significant IgA response to FHA was found in 38 of 54 (70%) and to PT in 28 of 54 (52%) NPH secretions from patients with pertussis confirmed by culture, serology, or both. The rate of positive responses to either antigen (44 of 54 [81%]) was significantly higher than that by culture alone (29 of 54 [54%]; P less than 0.01). The rate of positive responses increased from 65% in patients with symptoms for 1 week or less to 87 to 92% in patients with symptoms for 2 or more weeks. The specific IgA response to PT was found in 100% of NPH samples from 17 unimmunized children less than 3 years of age and in only 30% of adults and immunized children greater than 3 years of age. A response to FHA was found in 65 to 73% of the NPH secretions in all age groups. Saliva samples were found to contain specific IgA to FHA and PT in all age groups, but these were of diagnostic value in 50% (11 of 22) of the adult patients. The specificity of the ELISA was 100% (10 of 10 negatives) in NPH secretions from patients with pertussis-like cough who had negative cultures and serology. The results indicate that determination of specific IgA to PT and FHA in NPH aspirates represents a sensitive and rapid diagnostic method for the detection of pertussis.
 ...
PMID:Specific immunoglobulin A to Bordetella pertussis antigens in mucosal secretion for rapid diagnosis of whooping cough. 289 84

To help develop better diagnostic tests for pertussis, we examined the serologic response to whole-cell proteins of Bordetella pertussis after natural infection or vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Serum specimens collected during a pertussis outbreak investigation and from uninfected persons were used in Western blot (immunoblot) analyses to determine the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to specific B. pertussis proteins. IgG antibodies to proteins of molecular masses 220 and 210 kilodaltons (kDa) were detected in 14 of 18 serum samples obtained from patients with culture-confirmed pertussis greater than or equal to 40 days after the onset of coughing. IgA antibodies were detected in 15 of the 18 samples. Of 19 serum samples obtained from patients who had not been ill with pertussis, 6 contained IgG antibodies to these proteins and 1 contained IgA antibodies. The two proteins bound antiserum specific for filamentous hemagglutinin and comigrated with purified filamentous hemagglutinin. IgG antibodies to two additional protein bands of molecular masses 84 and 75 kDa were associated with previous vaccination. Antibody to the 84-kDa protein was detected in 15 of 17 vaccinated, never-infected persons, and antibody to the 75-kDa protein was detected in 16 of the 17. None of 11 nonvaccinated, never-infected persons tested had antibodies to either protein. All seven fully vaccinated persons with culture-documented infection had antibodies to both proteins. Antibodies to the 84-kDa protein were detected in 6 of 22 nonvaccinated and infected persons, and antibodies to the 75-kDa protein were detected in 8 of the 22. Use of Western blot analysis in this study allowed us to distinguish antibody responses to infection and immunization.
 ...
PMID:Immunoblot analysis of humoral immune responses following infection with Bordetella pertussis or immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. 290 Aug 46

The Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis is the agent responsible for whooping-cough, and much interest has focused on the functions, structures and immunological properties of the molecules exposed at its outer surface. We have found by electron microscopy that cells of two strains of B. pertussis are covered with a crystalline surface lattice. This lattice is not an extrinsic layer of high molecular weight glycoproteins, such as occur on many other bacteria, but is a natural crystal of an intrinsic membrane protein of 40,000 Mr. This molecule has been shown to be an anion-selective member of an extensive family of proteins ("porins") that render Gram-negative outer membranes permeable to solutes of up to approximately 650 Mr. Computer image processing reveals a trimeric channel-like structure that closely resembles other porins visualized in artificial arrays after treatment with detergents, but in a novel (p2) crystal form. This correlation provides a "missing link" between earlier structural studies based on artificial arrays of porins (of undefined physiological status), and membrane-permeabilization experiments with solubilized porins (in undefined structural states). For the strains characterized so far, crystallinity of the porin surface lattice shows an intriguing correlation with nonpathogenicity.
 ...
PMID:Naturally crystalline porin in the outer membrane of Bordetella pertussis. 290 51

Titers of antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in acute and convalescent phase serum samples from 158 patients with clinical symptoms typical of whooping-cough. In 96 of the patients the diagnosis was verified by culture. Significant changes in serum levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies against FHA were demonstrated in 126 patients (80%). Thus, demonstration of significant changes in FHA antibody titers in serum can be used for serological diagnosis of pertussis. The results also show that high levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies in a single serum sample suggest current pertussis infection, but if the diagnosis is based on determinations of FHA antibody titers in a single serum sample the sensitivity is low. The levels of antibody to FHA were compared with previously determined levels of antibodies to pertussis toxin. A significant antibody response against both FHA and pertussis toxin was seen in 111 patients (70%) while 147 patients (93%) developed a significant increase in antibodies against one or both antigens.
 ...
PMID:Serum antibody response to filamentous hemagglutinin in patients with clinical pertussis measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 314 59

Eighty two infants, aged 2-12 months, were prospectively studied for infectious episodes following diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization. The occurrence of infectious episodes during the month following vaccination was compared to that during the month prior to its administration. The 3 days following vaccination were not included. In comparison to the month prior to immunization, during the month following there were significantly more infants with fever (6.1% vs. 24.4%, p less than 0.001), with diarrhea (7.3% vs. 23.1%, p less than 0.005), and with cough (37.7% vs. 52.4% p N.S.). After the first month of the study, there was an increase in morbidity in the region, so we reevaluated those cases who had been seen during the latter 3 months. The same trend was found: in the month following immunization there were significantly more infants with fever (5.3% vs. 25%, p less than 0.005), with diarrhea (10.5% vs. 28%, p less than 0.02), and with cough (26% vs. 54%, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation between the incidence of these episodes and the age at vaccination. In addition to reactive fever during the first 3 days following DPT immunization, an increase in infectious episodes seems to occur in infants during the month following administration of this vaccine.
 ...
PMID:Infectious episodes following diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination. A preliminary observation in infants. 326 80

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of 15 clinical case definitions for pertussis in 233 patients who developed acute respiratory illness during community outbreaks in Wisconsin and Delaware. Using results from culture (Regan-Lowe media) and serology (Ig-class-specific ELISA) as diagnostic standards, cough for greater than or equal to 14 days was both sensitive (84 per cent-92 per cent) and specific (63 percent-90 per cent) in identifying patients with pertussis. This definition may be useful in monitoring pertussis outbreaks and for investigating contacts of culture-positive cases.
 ...
PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of clinical case definitions for pertussis. 328 9

A retrospective review was conducted of all children admitted to our intensive care unit over eight years with a diagnosis of pertussis that had been proved on culture. Altogether 789 children were seen as outpatients and inpatients. Twenty four of these children were admitted to the intensive care unit, 13 of whom required ventilatory support; two of the ventilated patients died. Intubation and ventilation were usually started for appreciable apnoea. Most patients requiring support were less than 3 months of age and required intervention within the first 16 days of cough. For these patients ventilation was neither difficult nor prolonged. Coughing spasms were not a problem and intubation and ventilation appeared to attenuate the progress of the disease. The presence of severe bacterial pneumonia associated with difficult ventilation requiring neuromuscular paralysis indicated a poor prognosis. It is suggested that intubation and ventilation can be safely used in very severe pertussis infection and, because of their greater risk of hypoxic damage and death, it should not be reserved as a last resort in critically ill infants.
 ...
PMID:Artificial ventilation in severe pertussis. 336 4

The relationship between pertussis infection and subsequent abnormalities of pulmonary function is not clear. Thirty subjects (16 male, 14 female) aged 14.3 years (s.e.m. = 1.9) were studied who had been hospitalized with culture-proven pertussis when less than 6 months of age. Details of respiratory symptoms in the subjects and their families were obtained. Standard spirometry, lung volumes by body plethysmography, maximum flows at low lung volumes and histamine challenges were performed. Nine of 30 (30%) subjects were symptomatic with a history of recurrent cough and wheeze while 11 of 30 (37%) had abnormal pulmonary function tests. Seven of nine symptomatic subjects had abnormal pulmonary function including positive histamine challenges. Twenty-one per cent had a family history of asthma. This study indicates that children hospitalized in infancy with pertussis can subsequently be shown to have recurrent lower airways symptomatology and abnormal pulmonary function, but the incidence is not significantly higher than a control group from the same socio-economic background.
 ...
PMID:Lung function after pertussis. 343 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>