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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calculations based on the mortality of whooping-cough before 1957 predict accurately the subsequent decline and the present low mortality. Notifications of incidence, though variable and incomplete, follow the same pattern of steady decline in the United Kingdom and are unaffected either by small-scale vaccination beginning about 1948 or by nationwide vaccination beginning in 1957. When valid comparisons can be made, attack-rates may be lower and complications fewer in vaccinated children, but allowance has to be made for overcrowding and socio-economic differences which may be more important as determinants of attack-rates. No protection by vaccination is demonstrable in infants. Adverse reactions and neurotoxicity following vaccinations were studied in 160 cases. In 79, the relationship to pertussis vaccine was strong. In 14 of these cases, reaction was transient but characteristic of a syndrome of shock and cerebral disturbance, which, in the other 65 cases, was followed by convulsions, hyperkinesis, and severe mental defect. It seems likely that most adverse reactions are unreported and that many are overlooked. Precise information about the efficacy and safety of this vaccine is lacking, because existing provisions, national and international, for epidemiological surveillance and evaluation are inadequate. The claim by official bodies that the risks of whooping-cough exceed those of vaccination is questionable, at least in the U.K.
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PMID:Vaccination against whooping-cough. Efficacy versus risks. 6 61

The development of a specimen collection and transport medium outfit for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of whoping cough is described. The transport medium consisted of a semisolid agar containing charcoal, cephalexin, and defibrinated horse blood. It was also found to be an excellent enrichment medium for the selective isolation of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis from scantily populated specimens. The investigation of 3,237 specimens that yielded 1,419 positive isolates of Bordetella, including 86 B. parapertussis, during a 20-month period is presented. A total of 3,076 specimens were processed in the laboratory by using the enrichment medium in addition to the routine procedure. Of these specimens, 757 were submitted in our medium, from which 137 (18%) were positive. Of the 567 specimens received in Amies transport medium, 290 (51%) positive cultures were obtained by the enrichment method only and not by primary culture.
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PMID:Enrichment medium for the isolation of Bordetella. 19 30

We have produced pertussis vaccines with laboratory and industrial methods. The characteristic of laboratory cultivation of microorganisms is, in this context, growth on Hornibrook medium in low form flask and in stationary culture. Industrial cultivation is done in homogenous culture on a B-2 medium in fermentor. The strains utilized were isolated from whooping-cough cases in the Montreal region. The yield (org. x 10(9)/ml) obtained with an industrial cultivation of B. pertussis was 4 to 7 times higher than that reached with a laboratory cultivation of this microorganism. The non-toxicity as expressed in weight gain of mice was shown for both types of vaccine. The vaccines produced in fermentor were less histamino sensibilizing for mice than the one produced in stationary flash culture. The quality of the vaccines achieved by industrial method is easily reproducible due to the fact that enough variables can be measured.
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PMID:[Comparison between two types of pertussis vaccines]. 20 Sep 87

Cultures of Bordetella pertussis were isolated by pernasal swabs from Kenyan children in whom whooping-cough was suspected. Serotyping of 94 of these isolates was undertaken by four laboratories in Europe, and there was very close agreement in their typing results. Each laboratory found that the incidence of type 1, 3 was the lowest of the three types, and that there were approximately equal numbers of types 1, 2, 3 and 1, 2. No new serotype was found. This distribution of serotypes was found in all age-groups; and it is in marked contrast with that currently seen in vaccinated communities, where type 1, 3 predominates. The implications of these findings for vaccination against whooping-cough in East Africa are discussed.
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PMID:Machakos project studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. V. Pertussis sentypes in Kenyan children 1974--1975. 20 90

A five week old male infant is treated under suspicion of whooping cough because of pertussis like cough, cyanosis, and attacks of reflex apnea. These attacks are seen up to 40 times per day. After exclusion of a cerebral genesis there was found a ventral indentation of the trachea. It was also seen by tracheoscopy, but this part of the trachea was not pulsating. In the angiography the compriming structure was identified as the innominate artery. The genesis of this anatomic variant, the often threatening symptoms in this case without inspiratoric stridor, and the diagnostic and therapeutic steps are discussed.
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PMID:[Tracheal compression by the innominate artery (author's transl)]. 39 7

During an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area in 1974, 229 children with the disease were studied to assess the effect of immunisation upon its natural history and severity. The typical clinical features of pertussis, such as paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting, cyanosis, and irregular breathing, were less prevalent in both the immunised and the older children. Immunisation is the main factor in protecting against complications such as fits; and, together with older age, it protects against hospitalisation. Nevertheless, pertussis today can be just as severe as it was 40 years ago, and the vaccine remains the major factor ameliorating its natural history. The immunisation programme needs more active support by all child health workers.
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PMID:The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area. 71 79

The vaccination status was investigated in 1482 patients between the ages of 1 and 14 years admitted to hospital with scarlet fever. Most of the patients were vaccinated against tuberculosis (97.7%), diphtheria, tetanus and whooping-cough (95.3%) and poliomyelitis (94.1%), relatively few against measles (21.1%) and very few indeed against mumps (0.7%) and tick-borne encephalitis (1.9%). The booster vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria had been omitted in more than 40%. Although the beneficial results of vaccination against tuberculosis, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and poliomyelitis remained more or less the same, the tendency towards vaccination did not spread as might have been anticipated. On the contrary, the extent of vaccination decreased, especially during the past years. In the same way the tendency towards vaccination against measles showed a sudden slowing down after a period of rapid increase. This implies that vaccination of children does not tend towards perfection. The vaccination rates differ widely between foreign children living in Vienna and natives. Although the foreigners show a similar vaccination distribution pattern as the natives, the numbers of unvaccinated children are much higher.
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PMID:[Vaccination status of children in the Vienna area (author's transl)]. 74 51

Analysis of observations carried out under practical conditions (165 patients with pertussis from 48 foci) and the results of controlled epidemiological trial on the discontinuance of compulsory isolation of pertussis patients at schools (12 classes, 402 children) showed that isolation of the patients failed to stop the spread of infection in the focus. This was attributed to incomplete detection of the patients and their late isolation in conditions of wide incidence of mild forms and formes frustes of pertussis. When patients suffering from pertussis were left at school, there occurred no increase in the spread of the infection in the focus, in duration or severity of the disease and no increase of the period of discharge of the causative agent. However, the number of days of the patient's absence from school was greatly reduced. Taking into consideration the absence of an attack-like cough in patients with formes frustes, short duration and preponderance of the attacks at night in patients with a mild form of pertussis, no disturbances in the general condition of the child, and also no indications to the treatment, schoolchildren should be isolated by clinical indications only (pyrexia, marked catarrhal phenomena, frequent attack-like cough, complications, concomitant diseases); they can be admitted to school as soon as the mentioned signs subsided irrespective of the time lapse from the onset of the disease.
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PMID:[Epidemiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the obligatory isolation of whooping cough patients in schools]. 94 48

Young dogs of two age groups, six weeks and 12 weeks respectively, were infected by aerosol with a strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica which had been isolated from a dog with pneumonia. Clinical respiratory disease characterised by coughing and in some cases purulent nasal discharge was induced in both groups of infected dogs and also in dogs kept in contact. B bronchiseptica was recovered from the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and lung parenchyma of infected and contact animals. At necropsy, masses of Gram-negative bacteria were found trapped in the cilia of the respiratory epithelia and there was an exudate containing neutrophils in the mucosae of the respiratory tract at all levels. A close similarity was noted between the lesions produced in the dog and those described in pertussis infection in man. Experimental respiratory disease in the dog due to B bronchiseptica may offer a model system for the study of the human disease.
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PMID:Experimental respiratory disease in dogs due to Bordetella bronchiseptica. 125 23

A 21 month-old unvaccinated boy was admitted for an acute respiratory distress episode associated with major leukocytosis (maximum = 146 G/l). Transient heart failure and pneumomediastinum occurred but the outcome was favourable. Coughing attacks then occurred and the diagnosis of pertussis was serologically confirmed. This case report is reminiscent of the possible severity of pertussis pneumoniae, the mechanisms of haematologic abnormalities, and stresses to the benefit of pertussis vaccination.
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PMID:[Diffuse alveolar pertussis with major hyperleukocytosis with "pseudocentrocytic" contingent]. 131 26


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