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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

N:NIH mice were vaccinated according to the WHO recommendations for the potency test with the Second International Standard for Pertussis Vaccine (ISPV). Blood for serological investigation was taken from the animals on day 14 post immunization before intracerebral challenge with Bordetella pertussis 18323 was done. The relationship between anti-pertussis toxin, anti-filamentous hemagglutinin and anti-adenylate cyclase antibody levels as measured by ELISA and protection from intracerebral challenge was studied. The proportion of surviving mice increased in correlation with increasing anti-PT titres; a protective level of 4 ELISA units/ml was found. Such relationship between protection against intracerebral challenge and antibody titres was not found for anti-FHA nor for anti-AC antibodies, thus suggesting that these antibodies do not play an important role in protection in this model. The excellent correlation between anti-PT antibody titres and protection suggests that the measure of anti-PT response could be a useful tool for estimating the potency of whole-cell vaccines. The development of an alternative method for testing the potency of pertussis whole-cell vaccines based on the anti-PT response should be considered.
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PMID:Pertussis whole cell vaccine: relation between intracerebral protection in mice and antibody response to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin and adenylate cyclase. 152 Sep 70

All mice immunized with toxoid LPF and FHA molecules were found to be protected against infections by intranasal instillation of Bordetella pertussis. While a significant weight loss was observed in control mice within ten days following challenge, immunized mice were found to gain weight. Mice immunized with 20 micrograms doses of toxoid LPF were found to be also protected against intracerebral infection. FHA did not protect mice against such an infection.
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PMID:[Determination of the immune potency of lymphocyte-promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) molecules by intranasal challenge in mice]. 174 45

The Bordetella pertussis P.69 protein is an immunogen with vaccine potential. The role of this protein in pathogenesis is unclear; it has been associated with the toxic adenylate cyclase and adhesion to eukaryotic cells. For further analysis of the role of P.69 in the biology of B. pertussis, we have constructed strains which specifically lack P.69. The cloned P.69 (prn) gene of B. pertussis was insertionally inactivated with a kanamycin-resistance cassette. This inactivated gene was used to construct P.69- mutants of B. pertussis by allelic exchange using plasmid pRTP1. B. pertussis P.69- strains produced normal levels of other vir-regulated factors, including adenylate cyclase. The serotype of B. pertussis, determined by Eldering and Preston typing sera and monoclonal antibodies, was also unaffected by the presence or absence of P.69. The ability of a prn mutant to adhere to and invade HEp2 cells was not significantly different from that of its parent strain. A strain containing a mutation in fhaB was significantly less adhesive and invasive than its parent, and a prn fhaB double mutant exhibited an even greater reduction in adhesiveness and invasiveness down to levels comparable with a Vir- strain. However, strains harbouring mutations in FHA and/or P.69 were able to colonize or multiply in the murine respiratory tract, although a Vir- strain was unable to survive and proliferate in the same infection model.
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PMID:Construction and characterization of Bordetella pertussis mutants lacking the vir-regulated P.69 outer membrane protein. 178 93

The quality of 14 lots of acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus (AC-PDT) vaccines manufactured by the Kitasato Institute during the period 1987-1990 were investigated. The geometric means of HSU, LPU, and BWDU were 0.078, 0.257, and 7.33 per ml respectively. The potency was higher than 14 IU per ml. These results indicated the consistency of the Kitasato AC-PDT vaccines. The antibody response to the AC-PDT vaccines was measured in primary and secondary vaccinated mice by ELISA. IgG antibody response to FHA and PT was obtained in all immunized mice (P less than 0.001) after the primary injection. In contrast, IgG antibody response to fimbriae 2 showed a significant titer rise (P less than 0.001) after the booster injection. The results indicated that the Kitasato AC-P vaccines consisted of protein, PT and FHA as the major antigens, and a little agglutinogen as the minor antigen.
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PMID:Comparative biological activities of acellular pertussis vaccines produced by Kitasato. 179 36

The antibody response to filamentous haemagglutinin and pertussis toxin was studied in N:NIH mice vaccinated according to the WHO recommendations for potency test with the International Standard for Pertussis Vaccine (ISPV). Some of the vaccinated animals were challenged intracerebrally on day 14. All animals, whether challenged or not, were bled on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 after immunization. The relationship between anti-PT and anti-FHA antibodies measured by ELISA and protection from intracerebral challenge was examined. All those mice with anti-PT titres on day 14 higher than 43 EU/ml survived challenge. No relationship was found between anti-FHA antibodies and survival. Anti-PT titres on day 14 below 43 EU/ml were related to the days of survival after challenge; a linear regression curve of y = 13 + 2.4x, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.61 was found. Anti-PT antibodies seem to play an important role in protection when animals are challenged intracerebrally, as is the case in the standard potency test for pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Antibody response to pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin in NIH mice immunized with the International Standard for Pertussis Vaccine. 225 29

The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between parental information on the child's history of whooping cough and the presence or absence of serum antibodies against two antigens of Bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, in nonvaccinated Swedish children. The parents of 266 Swedish children aged 1 to 4 years answered a questionnaire regarding the child's history of whooping cough, and a serum sample was obtained from the child for determination of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. The study was performed from 1984 to 1986, five to seven years after the cessation of general vaccination against pertussis in Sweden; none of the children had received pertussis vaccine. Antibodies to both toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin increased with age. Of the children aged 4 years, 50% had antibodies to both antigens. Of all 266 children, 100 had antibodies to both antigens, 6 to toxin alone, and 49 to filamentous hemagglutinin alone. There was a good correlation between the presence of antibodies and a history of whooping cough. Of 91 children with a history of whooping cough, 77 had antibodies against both antigens and 13 against one antigen; only one child lacked detectable antibodies against both antigens. Of the 175 children with no history of whooping cough, 110 lacked detectable antibodies to both antigens, 23 had antibodies to both, 2 to toxin alone, and 40 to filamentous hemagglutinin alone. The data indicate that parental information on a previous history of whooping cough in their nonimmunized child is reliable, and that many infections with B. pertussis are subclinical or atypical. Exposure to other Bordetella species than B. pertussis, which is the only toxin-producing species, might be important for the development of FHA antibodies. A follow-up 2 to 4 years after the collection of serum samples of children without a history of whooping cough but with antibodies to one or both antigens indicated that serum antibodies to toxin, but not to filamentous hemagglutinin, may be protective against disease.
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PMID:History of whooping cough in nonvaccinated Swedish children, related to serum antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. 238 Aug 41

To evaluate the vaccine efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine which has been in clinical use in Japan since 1981, a retrospective study was made by a questionnaire from secondary pertussis attack through family contact in 149 children with pertussis diagnosed in the period from January 1981 through May 1988. In this study, Takeda's acellular vaccine which contains a high level of FHA, low level of PT and a small amount of agglutinogen, was evaluated. Secondary pertussis attacks through family contact were found in 17 of 29 siblings (58.6%) not immunized with pertussis vaccine. On the other hand of the siblings immunized with Takeda's acellular vaccine 27 were exposed to pertussis through family contact and a secondary attack was seen in only one of them (3.4%). The present study revealed an efficacy rate of 94.2% for the Takeda's acellular pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:[Protection against pertussis by Japanese T type acellular pertussis vaccine: household contact study in Kawasaki City]. 250 97

To evaluate the vaccine efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine which has been in clinical use in Japan since 1981, a retrospective study was performed by a questionnaire survey of secondary pertussis attacks through family contact in 146 children with pertussis diagnosed in the period from January 1981 through May 1988. In this study, acellular vaccine made by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, which contains a high level of FHA (filamentous hemagglutinin), a low level of PT (pertussis toxin) and a small amount of agglutinogen, was evaluated. Secondary pertussis attacks through family contact were found in 17 of 29 siblings (58.6%) not immunized with pertussis vaccine. On the other hand, 27 siblings immunized with Takeda's acellular vaccine were exposed to pertussis through family contact and a secondary attack was seen in only one of them (3.7%). The present study revealed an efficacy rate of 93.7% for Takeda's acellular pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Protection against pertussis by acellular pertussis vaccines (Takeda, Japan): household contact studies in Kawasaki City, Japan. 251 96

Simultaneous evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccines from three manufacturers (Takeda, Biken, and Chiba) was performed. After receiving two doses of acellular pertussis vaccine in the form of DPT (diphtheria pertussis tetanus), both infants and children showed high serum anti-PT (pertussis toxin) and anti-FHA (filamentous hemagglutinin) antibody levels. These levels were equivalent to those observed in children in the convalescent stage of natural pertussis infection. Children who received 2 doses of Biken vaccine showed higher anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels than those who received Takeda or Chiba vaccine. Elevation of agglutinin titers was observed in children who received either Takeda or Chiba vaccine.
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PMID:Serum anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels, and agglutinin titers after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines. 251 91

Purified acellular pertussis vaccine (12.5 micrograms of lymphocytosis promoting factor [LPF] and 12.5 micrograms of filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA]) was compared with conventional pertussis vaccine in a randomized double-blind study involving 40 children aged 4-6 y, 40 children aged 18-24 mo, and 50 infants. Increases in antibody were significantly greater among recipients of acellular vaccine than among recipients of conventional vaccine for antibodies to LPF in all age groups and for antibodies to FHA in infants and children aged 4-6 y; the increase in FHA antibody was also greater with acellular vaccine among children aged 18-24 mo but not significantly so. Compared with conventional vaccine, acellular vaccine was significantly associated with reduced frequency of leg pain and fretfulness at all ages and less frequent fever and anorexia at some ages. The reduced reaction rates and comparable or enhanced immunogenicity of the acellular vaccine make it an attractive candidate for larger field trials, particularly among infants.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new highly purified pertussis vaccine in infants and children. 280 58


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