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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of increases in [Ca2+]i, stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange, and turnover of membrane phospholipids as signals for mitogen-induced activation of human T cells has been reviewed. In the presence of optimal concentrations of lectin and appropriately presented antigen, T cells increase [Ca2+]i, secrete IL2, express IL2 receptors and later divide. An increase in [Ca2+]i is critical for IL2 secretion in contrast to the requirements for IL2 receptor expression and IL2-IL2 receptor interaction. Treatment of T cells with TPA appears to bypass the requirement for an increase in [Ca2+]i for IL2 secretion and cell proliferation, indicating that various mitogens can trigger T cells through both [Ca2+]i-dependent and [Ca2+]i-independent pathways. Influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular milieu appears essential for the induced increase in [Ca2+]i associated with IL2 secretion. These increases in [Ca2+]i, which are correlated with the degree of lymphoproliferation and IL2 secretion, are sensitive to changes in membrane potential. The changes in [Ca2+]i are not mediated by the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels but the nature of the potential-sensitive event remains to be determined. The membrane potential effects may be mediated through the gating of a putative Ca2+ channel or by affecting the inward electrochemical Ca2+ gradient. It is clear that lymphoid cells of both T and B lineage possess a functional Na+/H+ antiport, which plays a central role in the regulation of pHi. It is also generally agreed that the antiport can be stimulated by mitogens, co-mitogens and by agents that induce differentiation. The meaning of this stimulation is not, however, entirely understood. It may be an essential signal or link in the series of events triggered by the binding of ligands to their membrane receptors. Alternatively, it may represent an ancillary event, intended to increase H+ ejection in anticipation of an increased metabolic rate. Finally, a third possible reason for the stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange could be to increase the osmotic content of the cells, inducing cell swelling that may be an early requirement for cellular growth. Indeed, amiloride-sensitive cellular swelling has been detected electronically following treatment of T lymphocytes with TPA (Grinstein et al. 1985a). PHA is a potent activator of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. In other cell types, receptors are coupled to phospholipase C by a G protein(s). However, the transducing mechanism in human peripheral blood lymphocytes does not appear to be a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Transmembrane ion fluxes during activation of human T lymphocytes: role of Ca2+, Na+/H+ exchange and phospholipid turnover. 243 15

Considerable effort directed toward designing a safe and effective vaccine for Bordetella pertussis in which the cellular and/or acellular antigens necessary to confer immunity are known has been hampered by lack of information on the pathogenesis of the natural infection. The study presented here describes an animal model of lung infection by B. pertussis encased in agar beads in adult (200- to 220-g) male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 3 and 7 days after inoculation with phase I B. pertussis, organisms could be recovered from the lungs of rats; however, organisms were not recoverable at days 10 and 14 but reappeared in lung homogenates at day 21. Histopathological examination revealed findings similar to those seen in human disease. At day 3, a mild lymphocytic infiltrate was present in the bronchi, with progressive lymphoid hyperplasia peribronchially. By day 7, a necrotizing inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucous membranes, characterized by both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, was noted. Phase III B. pertussis organisms were not recoverable from the lungs of inoculated rats at day 3 after inoculation, nor were histological changes noted in these animals. Clinical findings in phase I B. pertussis-infected rats included hypoglycemia, circulating lymphocytosis, and paroxysms in which air was forcibly expelled from the mouth or nose.
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PMID:Development of a rat model for respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis. 253 94

The dose-dependent action of Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the development of acute erythroleukocytosis, as well as Rauscher chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis, in BALB/c mice sensitive to Rauscher virus was shown. Bordetella pertussis LPS in the doses used in this investigation stimulated the development of both acute erythroleukosis and chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis in BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher virus. Lipid A isolated from B. pertussis LPS was found to produce a stimulating effect on the development of Rauscher leukosis in mice. After the treatment of B. pertussis LPS with polymyxin B blocking lipid A no stimulating effect of B. pertussis LPS on the development of Rauscher leukosis was observed. A suggestion is made that lipid A is the active principle contributing to the stimulation of the development of Rauscher leukosis in BALB/c mice.
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PMID:[The effect of gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharides on the development of Rauscher leukosis in BALB/c mice]. 254 69

The comparative study of morphological changes in the body of outbred mice under the action of corpuscular pertussis vaccine and acellular pertussis preparation has been made. The corpuscular vaccine has been shown to produce a pronounced, dynamically increasing toxic effect, thus causing the damage of lymphoid thymic and spleen cells, prolonged interstitial reaction in the lungs, destructive inflammatory process at the site of injection. The acellular pertussis preparation is less toxic, induces less pronounced changes in these organs at the early period of the experiment, stimulates the proliferation of lymphoid cells and lymphoblast transformation. As noted in this study, the damaging action of pertussis vaccine is mainly indicated by pathological phenomena appearing in the organs of the immune system, pulmonary parenchyma and muscular tissue (in the inoculation zone).
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PMID:[Comparative pathomorphologic study of the toxic properties of a corpuscular pertussis vaccine and of a cell-free pertussis preparation]. 255 83

The present study evaluated whether protein kinase C (PKC) activation was involved in the lymphocytosis promoting properties of pertussis toxin (Ptx). The exposure of mouse lymphocytes to phorbol esters (as a means to selectively activate PKC) caused a depression in their subsequent capacity to localize into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in vivo. This pattern of inhibition was quite similar to that observed with lymphocytes treated with Ptx. The mechanisms responsible for the observed decreases in localization to lymphoid organs caused by these two agents, however, appeared to be distinct. Exposure of lymphocytes to PMA was followed by a time and dosage-dependent decrease in the surface density of MEL-14 defined homing receptors. Ptx-treated lymphocytes retained normal density of this homing receptor. Consequently, PMA-treated lymphocytes lost their capacity to bind to high-endothelial venules in in vitro lymph node binding assays while Ptx-treated cells retained normal high-endothelial venule binding potential. We conclude from this study that: 1) the activation of PKC in lymphocytes by PMA can alter their recirculation properties via mechanisms that diminish their expression of surface receptors which support extravasation into lymph node and mucosal lymphoid tissues, and 2) even though Ptx has been reported to elevate the rate of inositol phosphate turnover in lymphocytes, the loss of extravasation potential of Ptx-treated lymphocytes is not mediated via the modification of surface homing receptors as observed in cells exposed to the known PKC activator, PMA.
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PMID:Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte extravasation. III. The loss of lymphocyte extravasation potential induced by pertussis toxin is not mediated via the activation of protein kinase C. 273 69

Experimental autoimmune oophoritis (EAOO) induced in female Lewis rats by a single injection of isologous ovary in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and concentrated pertussis vaccine resulted in a multifocal accumulation of mononuclear cells in ovaries and complete loss of fertility after 17-28 days. The time course of appearance of anti-ovary antibodies and their serum titers showed a good correlation with the reduction of litter size. Furthermore, the infertility also could be induced by passive immunization of rats with adsorbed anti-ovary serum. The contraceptive effect of the antibody does not result in permanent sterility. Besides lymphoid cell infiltrations, the most prominent histological alterations in ovaries of experimental rats were characterized by a significant increase in the number of atretic preantral and antral follicles and a decrease in the number of growing follicles of all sizes and corpora lutea. It is presumed that both the direct effect of anti-ovary antibodies and disturbance in ovarian morphology can lead to a reduction of litter size and appearance of infertile cycles in rats with oophoritis.
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PMID:Experimental autoimmune oophoritis. I. Inhibition of fertility in rats isoimmunized with homogenates of ovary. 281 19

The effect of oral administrations of different doses of pertussis vaccine on the humoral and cell-mediated responses of systemic immunity and on the immunomorphological transformation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was studied in (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice. On day 28 after the administration of all the tested doses of pertussis vaccine the animals were found to have a high degree of protection from the development of meningoencephalitis induced by the inoculation of Bordetella pertussis in the absence of specific hemagglutinins in their blood sera. At the same time the formation of spontaneous and immune rosette-forming cells and splenocytes was found to be inversely related to the administered dose. The immunomorphological transformation observed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and in the lymphoid tissue associated with the small intestine was indicative of the stimulation of local immunity. The results thus obtained suggest that a single oral administration of pertussis vaccine to mice stimulates cell-mediated and humoral reactions of local immunity and induces the development of systemic cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the immune response to a single peroral administration of different doses of corpuscular pertussis vaccine]. 285 23

Delayed tissue eosinophilia in DNP-ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammatory skin lesions of guinea pigs was markedly enhanced by previous treatment with alum hydroxy gel (Alum) or Bordetella pertussis vaccine. This enhancement seemed due to increased production of a lymphocyte-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) at the skin site. Treatment of animals with Alum potentiated antigen-induced in vitro ECF production by lymphoid cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph node of sensitized animals. The co-culture supernatants of lymphoid cells from Alum-treated animals also potentiated concanavalin A (Con A)-induced in vitro ECF production. The potentiating effect of Alum on ECF production seemed to be ascribed to the release of soluble factors from macrophages of the Alum-treated animals. The macrophage-derived soluble factor ECF-potentiating factor (ECF-PF) selectively potentiated ECF production but not macrophage chemotactic lymphokine production by Con A-stimulated lymphoid cells from normal animals. ECF-PF activity was associated with two separate m.w. fractions: one was 50,000 to 70,000 and the other was 10,000 to 20,000. The present study provides one of the explanations for enhanced ECF production by adjuvants, such as Alum and Bordetella pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Selective regulation of chemotactic lymphokine production. I. Selective potentiation of eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine production in alum hydroxy gel- and Bordetella pertussis vaccine-treated guinea pigs. 286 77

Multiple oral immunization with pertussis corpuscular vaccine was shown to lead to the considerable stimulation of local and systemic humoral immunity. The data on the titers of specific and normal secretory antibodies, on the levels of IgA in washings from the oral cavity, the small intestine and the lungs, on the titers of agglutinins and hemagglutinins in the blood serum, as well as on the morpho-functional transformation of the mucous membrane and the associated lymphoid tissue in the digestive tract, are presented in their dynamics. Specific pertussis antibodies in high titers were detected in both intestinal and pulmonary washings. The multiple administration of the vaccine did not produce pathological changes in internal organs.
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PMID:[Humoral factors of local and systemic immunity in the multiple peroral administration of a corpuscular pertussis vaccine]. 286 93

The distribution of IgE antibody-forming cells was examined in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) or immunized with Nb antigen or with OA. The frequency of antigen-specific IgE antibody-forming cells was detected by a passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction using cell extract from lymphoid organs. In Nb-infected rats, anti-Nb and anti-4th stage larvae (L4) IgE-forming cells distributed mainly in the mesenteric and the bronchial lymph nodes (LN) near the parasite-harboring sites. After intraperitoneal (ip) immunization with Nb antigen mixed with Al(OH)3 and Bordetella pertussis (Bp) as adjuvants, anti-Nb IgE antibody-forming cells were detected in the mesenteric and the bronchial LN. Anti-Nb or OA IgE antibody-forming cells after subcutaneous (sc) immunization were found in the inguinal and the axillary LN. An effect of Bp on the distribution of IgE antibody-forming cells seems to be ruled out. The distribution of IgG2a antibody-forming cells was similar to that of IgE antibody-forming cells, indicating that the distribution of the IgE antibody-forming cells is not preferential. IgE antibody-forming cells were stimulated in the regional LN near the site of antigen administration. IgE antibody-forming cells induced by potentiated IgE antibody production were also examined. Rats were immunized ip or sc with OA and infected with Nb. Anti-OA IgE antibody-forming cells were found in all of the lymphoid organs and especially in the regional LN near the Nb parasite-harboring and antigen administration sites.
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PMID:IgE antibody-forming cells in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and immunized with antigens. 290 Jun 91


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