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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The shelf life of prepared agar plates used for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis was studied. They contained Bordet-Gengou agar, Bordet-Gengou agar with cephalexin, Regan-Lowe agar, Regan-Lowe agar with cephalexin, or Regan-Lowe agar with both cephalexin and amphotericin B. Plates stored were compared to freshly prepared control plates for up to a maximum of 18 weeks. They were inoculated with clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis, either in pure culture, or mixed with a defined oropharyngeal flora. Bordet-Gengou agar plates may be used, with proper storage at 4 degrees C in airtight-sealed plastic bags, for up to 10 weeks, Regan-Lowe agar plates for up to 14 weeks. Field studies are needed to substantiate our findings.
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PMID:Shelf life of prepared Bordet-Gengou and Regan-Lowe agar plates for isolation of Bordetella pertussis. 179 72

We compared relative recoveries of Bordetella pertussis from simulated nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens incubated in three separate transport media at different temperatures. Transport media included one-half-strength Regan-Lowe (RL.5), Regan-Lowe with one-half-strength agar (RL.5A), and buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar supplemented with alpha-ketoglutarate, lincomycin, and anisomycin (BCYE alpha LA). For each transport medium, recovery of B. pertussis was least efficient after storage at 25 degrees C. The highest recovery of B. pertussis from a mixed culture was achieved with RL.5 at 4 degrees C. Overall, RL.5 and RL.5A were comparable as transport media whether held at 4 or 25 degrees C, but fewer organisms were recovered from BCYE alpha LA. In addition, Regan-Lowe (RL), Bordet-Gengou, and cyclodextrin media were compared as primary isolation media for recovering B. pertussis from simulated NP swabs held at 4 and 35 degrees C in RL.5 medium. The highest recovery of B. pertussis was obtained on RL primary isolation medium. Bordet-Gengou medium recovered only 80% and cyclodextrin medium recovered less than 60% of the numbers recovered on RL medium. Based on these results, refrigeration (4 degrees C) of NP swabs shipped in RL.5 transport medium and using RL as the primary isolation medium are recommended for recovering B. pertussis from swab specimens.
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PMID:Effects of transport temperature and medium on recovery of Bordetella pertussis from nasopharyngeal swabs. 290 77

Culture and fluorescent-antibody methods for detection of Bordetella species were evaluated by two state public health laboratories. Field-inoculated plates of Regan-Lowe agar medium were most useful if incubation was initiated on the day of collection. Regan-Lowe and Bordet-Gengou media were comparable for subculturing nasopharyngeal specimens that were transported and enriched in half-strength Regan-Lowe agar. Maximum sensitivity was achieved when the media were used in parallel. Fluorescent-antibody-stained smears of nasopharyngeal specimens were more sensitive for detection of Bordetella pertussis than for detection of Bordetella parapertussis. The fluorescent-antibody method, however, was too insensitive for use without culture.
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PMID:Comparison of modified Bordet-Gengou and modified Regan-Lowe media for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. 290 42

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of 15 clinical case definitions for pertussis in 233 patients who developed acute respiratory illness during community outbreaks in Wisconsin and Delaware. Using results from culture (Regan-Lowe media) and serology (Ig-class-specific ELISA) as diagnostic standards, cough for greater than or equal to 14 days was both sensitive (84 per cent-92 per cent) and specific (63 percent-90 per cent) in identifying patients with pertussis. This definition may be useful in monitoring pertussis outbreaks and for investigating contacts of culture-positive cases.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of clinical case definitions for pertussis. 328 9

Nasopharyngeal secretions from 223 patients were examined for the presence of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis by culturing on Regan-Lowe agar (J. Regan and F. Lowe, J. Clin. Microbiol. 6:303-309, 1977) and by direct fluorescent-antibody testing. B. pertussis was found in 38 patients; B. parapertussis was recovered from 2. Culturing was more sensitive (38 of 38 patients) than direct fluorescent-antibody testing (26 of 38 patients) for the detection of B. pertussis. Overgrowth by other organisms (7 of 223 patients) was uncommon. The patients with B. pertussis infections were generally less than 1 year old, had received no or one immunization, and had coughing spells but infrequently had whooping cough. Accurate diagnosis of B. pertussis infections should include culturing.
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PMID:Importance of culture in laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infections. 609 97

Bordetella pertussis was transmitted from an immunized boy to his father and possibly to other family members. This case report demonstrates that although unusual, acute adult B. pertussis infection can occur. B. pertussis immunization may not prevent infection but can reduce the severity. B. pertussis was detected in sputum from the adult by direct-fluorescent antibody staining and was grown on Regan-Lowe medium. Serology tests confirmed the infection in the adult.
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PMID:Acute Bordetella pertussis infection in an adult. 878 30

During the pertussis clinical trials, the best conditions for isolating B. pertussis were determined. Isolation is higher if two nasopharyngeal aspirates are collected, transport is carried out at ambient temperature and takes no longer than 48 hours, Reagan Lowe or Bordet Gengou selective and non-selective plates are used and incubated at 36 degrees C for seven days. Identification must include Gram stain and urease, oxidase and nitrate reactions. Confirmation is obtained with specific anti-B. pertussis antiserum. Characterization of the isolates can be performed by using the polymerase chain reaction, serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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PMID:Isolation, identification and characterization of Bordetella pertussis. 927 55

Forty-seven Bordetella pertussis isolates recovered from January 1985 to June 1997 at Primary Children's Medical Center were tested for erythromycin resistance. Agar dilution MICs were determined on Regan-Lowe agar. Forty-six isolates were found to be erythromycin susceptible (all MICs were less than or equal to 0.12 microg/ml). One isolate was found to be erythromycin resistant (MIC, 32 microg/ml). In addition, we compared Etest MIC results and disk diffusion zone diameter measurements, performed on commercially prepared Regan-Lowe agar, to the agar dilution MIC result. Etest MIC and/or disk diffusion testing on commercial Regan-Lowe agar appears to be an adequate method for erythromycin resistance screening of B. pertussis isolates.
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PMID:Surveillance and detection of erythromycin resistance in Bordetella pertussis isolates recovered from a pediatric population in the Intermountain West region of the United States. 957 35

Present methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bordetella pertussis are time consuming and require specialized media that are not commercially available. We tested 52 isolates of B. pertussis for resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and rifampin by agar dilution with Bordet-Gengou agar (BGA) containing 20% horse blood (reference method), Etest using BGA and Regan-Lowe agar without cephalexin (RL-C), and disk diffusion using BGA and RL-C. The organisms tested included four erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis from a single patient, a second erythromycin-resistant strain of B. pertussis from an unrelated patient in another state, and 47 nasopharyngeal surveillance isolates of B. pertussis from children in the western United States. The results of agar dilution testing using direct inoculation of the organisms suspended in Mueller-Hinton broth were within +/-1 dilution of those obtained after overnight passage of the inoculum in Stainer-Scholte medium, which is the traditional method of testing B. pertussis. The Etest method produced MICs similar to those of the agar dilution reference method for three of the four antimicrobial agents tested; the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole results were lower with Etest, particularly when the direct suspension method was used. Most of the Etest MICs, except for that of erythromycin, were on scale. Disk diffusion testing using RL-C medium was helpful in identifying the erythromycin-resistant strains, which produced no zone of inhibition around the disk; susceptible isolates produced zones of at least 42 mm. Thus, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B. pertussis can be simplified by using the Etest or disk diffusion on RL-C to screen for erythromycin-resistant isolates of B. pertussis.
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PMID:A simplified method for testing Bordetella pertussis for resistance to erythromycin and other antimicrobial agents. 1069 11

The introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines has greatly enhanced the safety profile of vaccines to prevent whooping cough. Pertussis toxin (Ptx) is one component produced by Bordetella pertussis that is contained in all of these vaccines, either in combination with other known pertussis virulence factors or as the sole pertussis component, combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. A hydrogen peroxide toxoid of Ptx has been shown to be efficacious in preventing pertussis infections in a mass vaccination trial and is presently licensed in the United States and Europe (B. Trollfors, J. Taranger, T. Lagergard, L. Lind, V. Sundh, G. Zackrisson, C. U. Lowe, W. Blackwelder, and J. B. Robbins, N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1045-1050, 1995). The industrial production of Ptx can be performed through the cultivation of B. pertussis in well-defined growth media, in which the components can be well characterized and their origins can be documented. Once the bacteria are removed from the culture, Ptx can be isolated from the supernatant and purified by using the technique described by Sekura et al. (R. D. Sekura, F. Fish, C. R. Manclark, B. Meade, and Y. L. Zhang, J. Biol. Chem. 258:14647-14651, 1983). The only drawback of this procedure, which combines two affinity chromatography steps, one with Blue Sepharose and a second with matrix-bound bovine fetuin (BF), is the source and purity of the BF. Concern about vaccine preparations that may possibly risk contamination by material associated with bovine spongioform encephalopathy has continued to increase. We thus sought a replacement for the BF affinity chromatography and, more specifically, for the glycosidic moiety on BF. We describe here the identification of a seven-amino-acid peptide that mimics the glycosidic moiety on BF to which Ptx binds. Furthermore, we have constructed an affinity column containing this peptide that can be used to replace BF in Ptx purification. Finally, we used the X-ray crystallographic structure of Ptx bound to the oligosaccharide moiety of BF as a scaffold and replaced the oligosaccharide with the peptide.
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PMID:Identification of peptides that mimic the pertussis toxin binding site on bovine fetuin. 1453 91


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