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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two infants with pneumonia caused by both Bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (RS virus) suffered respiratory failure preceded by convulsion. Detection of respiratory pathogens with polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was crucial in the management of dually infected infants.
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PMID:Respiratory failure caused by dual infection with Bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus. 874 24

A 7-year-old unimmunized girl with pertussis presented with respiratory failure and electroencephalographic evidence of an encephalopathy. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum ratio of antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were 11- and ninefold higher than the CSF/serum ratio of total immunoglobulin G. The CSF/serum ratio of albumin was normal. These findings indicate production of antibodies in the central nervous system to Bordetella pertussis antigens and imply, therefore, that the pertussis encephalopathy in this girl was associated with the entry of pertussis antigens into the central nervous system.
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PMID:Pertussis encephalopathy with high cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. 975 73

Bordetella pertussis causing severe respiratory failure in infants that is unresponsive to treatment is well described. Pulmonary hypertension is a prominent feature of such cases. In this series of 13 critically ill infants with B. pertussis, hyperleukocytosis ( > 100 x 10(9)/l) was an independent predictor of death. We suggest that such extreme leukocytosis may contribute to disease severity via the formation of aggregates in the pulmonary vasculature.
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PMID:Is leukocytosis a predictor of mortality in severe pertussis infection? 1112 65

Severe B. pertussis infection in infants is characterized by severe respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, leukocytosis, and death. This retrospective case analysis highlights the course and outcome of severe B. pertussis infection treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at a single center. Over the last decade, out of a total caseload of nearly 800 infants and children, 12 infants with severe B. pertussis have been referred for ECMO therapy to our center. All infants with pertussis infection who received ECMO therapy were less than 3 months of age at presentation and unvaccinated. There was a high mortality rate (7 of 12 infants died), which was associated with an elevated neutrophil count at presentation and multiorgan dysfunction characterized by intractable pulmonary hypertension, persistent systemic hypotension, renal insufficiency, and fits. ECMO should be offered to children with pertussis infection and respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation. However, further research is required to determine the optimal management for infants receiving ECMO therapy with this disease.
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PMID:Extracorporeal life support in pertussis. 1295 44

Pertussis, or "whooping cough," is a highly communicable disease caused by the coccobacillus Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis remains one of the most common causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide. We describe a 5-week-old infant girl who presented with severe pertussis infection associated with extreme leukocytosis and required prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Nitric oxide therapy resolved the pulmonary hypertension, and she was successfully weaned from ECMO and discharged home after 3 months. We report successful application of ECMO for severe pertussis-induced respiratory failure despite multiple grave prognostic indicators (<1 year age, leukocytosis, pulmonary hypertension) and discuss the role of extracorporeal life support in treating pertussis.
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PMID:Pertussis with severe pulmonary hypertension and leukocytosis treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 1593 56

Seven Chinese patients (5 males and 2 females) with vaccination-induced acute metabolic crisis were reported. Only one male with 21-hydroxylase deficiency had been diagnosed before vaccination. In the remaining six patients, the preexisting diagnoses were not confirmed before the vaccination. Acute metabolic crisis occurred in seven patients between 3 and 12 hours after the administration of Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, or measles vaccines. Patients 1 and 2 displayed acute adrenal insufficiencies at the ages of 5 years and 3 months, respectively. Patient 3 had presented with mild motor retardation previously. Patients 4 to 7 were previously healthy, but suffered from fever, seizures, coma, acidosis, and hypoglycemia after being vaccinated. Glutaric aciduria type 1 was evident in case 4. Leigh syndromes were present in Patients 5, 6, and 7. They all died from respiratory failure before 2 years of age. Symmetric foci, cystic cavitations with neuronal loss, and vascular proliferation were observed by postmortem examination. Among the seven patients, although the vaccines were not the primary cause of the acute metabolic crisis, the severe acute episodes occurred coincidentally.
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PMID:Acute metabolic crisis induced by vaccination in seven Chinese patients. 1687 7

An infant who experienced recurrent episodes of respiratory failure received a diagnosis of pertussis on the basis of immunofluorescence testing, but culture revealed macrolide-resistant Bordetella bronchiseptica. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the child was not infected with a kennel cough vaccine strain, although the family's dog had recently been vaccinated. The infection cleared with imipenem therapy.
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PMID:Persistent Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in an immunocompetent infant and genetic comparison of clinical isolates with kennel cough vaccine strains. 1826 Jul 50

In spite of the availability and widespread use of vaccines, pertussis is far from controlled. Newborns and infants too young to be fully vaccinated, born from mothers with low antibody titers to Bordetella pertussis, are highly susceptible to infection and at risk of severe disease and death. Pertussis associated with pulmonary hypertension in the newborn is often fatal. The authors report a clinical case of severe pertussis -induced respiratory failure associated to severe pulmonary hypertension in a neonate successfully treated with sildenafil and inhaled nitric oxide.
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PMID:Pertussis with severe pulmonary hypertension in a newborn with good outcome - case report. 1878 Dec 68

Pertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. The mechanism of refractory cardio-respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. We aimed to examine the clinico-pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi-center review of clinical records and post-mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (FP). All cases were less than 8 weeks of age, and required ventilation for worsening respiratory symptoms and inotropic support for severe hemodynamic compromise. All died or underwent extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 1 week. All had increased leukocyte counts (from 54 to 132 x 10(9)/L) with prominent neutrophilia in 9/10. The post-mortem demonstrated necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with extensive areas of necrosis of the alveolar epithelium. Hyaline membranes were present in those cases with viral co-infection. Pulmonary blood vessels were filled with leukocytes without well-organized thrombi. Immunodepletion of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes was a common feature. Other organisms were isolated as follows; 2/10 cases Para influenza type 3, 2/10 Moraxella catarrhalis, 1/10 each with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a coliform organism, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and candida tropicalis. We postulate that severe hypoxemia and intractable cardiac failure may be due to the effects of pertussis toxin, necrotizing bronchiolitis, extensive damage to the alveolar epithelium, tenacious airway secretions, and possibly leukostasis with activation of the immunological cascade, all contributing to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Cellular apoptosis appeared to underlay much of these changes. The secondary immuno-compromise may facilitate co-infection.
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PMID:Fulminant pertussis: a multi-center study with new insights into the clinico-pathological mechanisms. 1972

Infantile malignant pertussis is characterized by severe respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, leukocytosis, and death. Bordetella pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that is becoming a much more globally prevalent condition contributing to more and more infant deaths each year. This article examines 2 such cases and the hospital's internal and community-based programs initiated to help protect these vulnerable infants.
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PMID:Malignant pertussis in the pediatric intensive care unit. 2001 Jan 85


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