Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic anaphylaxis in the rat has major manifestations in the small intestine. In August rats, but not in other strains, intestinal anaphylaxis was accompanied by petechial hemorrhages in Peyer's patches. The occurrence of petechiae was not proportional to the intensity of prostration, cyanosis or gut congestion. No hemorrhages were found in other organs. The petechiae occurred in August rats of either sex after sensitization and challenge with any of several antigens and adjuvants and after passive sensitization with antiserum. The number of Peyer's patches with hemorrhage varied from one to all 20 in individual rats. The occurrence of petechiae was not influenced significantly by the route of sensitization or challenge, by the presence or absence of pinworms in the cecum, or by ancillary treatment at time of challenge with normal serum, normal blood, heparin, pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide. The intestinal mast cells of the susceptible August rats were not different from the mast cells of the resistant strains. Furthermore, mast cells did not reside in the lymphoid follicles of Peyer's patches which was the site of the petechial hemorrhages in anaphylactic August rats. Nor did injections of histamine, serotonin or both cause hemorrhages in Peyer's patches.
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PMID:Petechial hemorrhages in the small intestinal Peyer's patches: a new manifestation of systemic anaphylaxis. 965 62

Leukotriene C4 is an arachidonic acid metabolite and an important mediator of inflammation and anaphylaxis that is known to induce production of prostacyclin in endothelial cells. The goal of this study was to examine the signal transduction mechanisms activated by leukotriene C4 stimulation. Formation of inositol phosphates was measured to determine the activation of phospholipase C and pertussis toxin was used to explore the role of G-proteins. Additionally, we evaluated the role of protein kinase C in these events, especially whether there was an interaction between pertussis toxin mediated effects and the activity of protein kinase C. Leukotriene C4 induced a dose- and time-dependent formation of inositol phosphates and prostacyclin. The response to leukotriene C4 was greater than the response to leukotriene D4 even after treatment with L-serine borate complex, suggesting the presence of a specific leukotriene C4 receptor. Exposure to pertussis toxin potentiated, time-dependently, the leukotriene C4 induced formation of inositol phosphates and prostacyclin through a mechanism which was altered by manipulation of protein kinase C activity. The exact mechanism is not clear but our results are consistent with a postulated dual mechanism of phospholipase C control, in which leukotriene C4 induced stimulation is attenuated by a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein.
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PMID:Potentiating effects of pertussis toxin on leukotriene C4 induced formation of inositol phosphate and prostacyclin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 973 50

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is the principal Ig involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. The hallmark of these disorders is increased IgE production. The effect of an aqueous extract of the roots of Asiasari radix (ARAE) on an in vivo and in vitro IgE production was investigated. ARAE dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetella pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. ARAE strongly inhibited IL-4-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide- stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, ARAE also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. These results suggest that ARAE has an anti-allergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells.
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PMID:Asiasari radix inhibits immunoglobulin E production on experimental models in vitro and in vivo. 1046 75

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the principal immunoglobulin involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. The effect of an aqueous extract of Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf. (Rutaceae) fruits (PTFE) on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was investigated. PTFE dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetella pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. PTFE strongly inhibited interleukin 4 (IL-4)-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, PTFE also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. These results suggest that PTFE has an anti-allergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells.
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PMID:Inhibition of immunoglobulin E production by Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract. 1047 74

We recently found that most events of anaphylaxis to live attenuated viral vaccines containing gelatin as a stabilizer might be caused by the gelatin. However, the mechanism that the children were sensitized to gelatin was unclear. In Japan, both diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines with and without gelatin are available. We explored the possibility that gelatin-containing DTaP vaccines before live viral vaccines sensitize children to gelatin. We received the serum samples of 87 children who had systemic immediate-type reactions including anaphylaxis to the vaccines from both physicians and vaccine manufacturers throughout Japan. We then surveyed the DTaP vaccination histories of the children who demonstrated anti-gelatin IgE. Of the above 87 children, 79 (91%) had anti-gelatin IgE. We successfully collected DTaP vaccination histories including the manufacturers' names and numbers of doses on 55 children. Only one child had not received any DTaP vaccine, the other 54 had received gelatin-containing DTaP vaccines and none received gelatin-free DTaP vaccines. We concluded that there was a strong causal relationship between gelatin-containing DTaP vaccination, anti-gelatin IgE production, and risk of anaphylaxis following subsequent immunization with live viral vaccines which contain a larger amount of gelatin.
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PMID:IgE sensitization to gelatin: the probable role of gelatin-containing diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines. 1070 69

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E are associated with immediate-type allergic reactions. The effect of an aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia glabrescens (Compositae) whole plants (SGWP) on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was studied in mice. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin and Bordetella pertussis toxin absorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited IL-4-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, SGWP also showed an inhibitory effect on IgE production. These results suggest that SGWP has an anti-allergic activity by inhibiting IgE production from B cells.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect on immunoglobulin E production in vivo and in vitro by Siegesbeckia glabrescens. 1174 35

A medical officer for the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for staff at all health facilities to screen and, if appropriate, immunize every infant, child, and woman of reproductive age attending health facilities. Routine immunization services tend to miss many women and children who should be immunized. Three important components comprise the health team approach needed to avoid missed opportunities: awareness to screen, a well-organized referral system within each health facility, and regular availability of vaccines. In the health facility, the nonimmunized child is at risk of contracting measles, so all such children should be immunized before they leave the health facility. The WHO/EPI medical officer presents five ways to avoid missed opportunities: screen and immunize at every opportunity, administer all required vaccines, stress real and avoid false contraindications, train staff, and open new vials of vaccine when needed. Contraindications to immunization include severe adverse reactions after a dose of vaccine (collapse or shock, convulsions without fever, anaphylaxis, or encephalitis/encephalopathy), neurological disease (for vaccines containing whole cell pertussis), immune deficiency diseases or immunosuppression due to drugs (generally for live vaccines), and symptomatic HIV infections (for BCG or yellow fever vaccines). The following conditions do not preclude immunization: minor illnesses (e.g., upper respiratory infections); allergy, asthma, hay fever, or "snuffles"; prematurity, small-for-date infants; malnutrition; breast feeding; family history of convulsions; treatment with antibiotics, low-dose corticosteroids, or locally acting steroids; eczema or localized skin infection; chronic diseases of the heart, lung, kidney, or liver; stable neurological conditions (e.g., Down syndrome), and history of jaundice after birth. WHO/EPI has an exit survey for use at district-level clinics or hospitals available so program managers can learn if they are missing chances to immunize children.
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PMID:Opportunities to immunise. 1229 31

Protease activity was measured through the hydrolysis of synthetic amino acid esters in body fluids and tissues of guinea pigs, rats, mice, and humans. Significant in vitro activation was observed in serum and lung slices of sensitized guinea pigs on addition of the specific antigen. Increased proteolytic activity was also seen in reverse anaphylaxis. More marked activation occurred when guinea pig serum was treated with peptone and guinea pig or rat serum was treated with agar. Protease activation was demonstrated in specimens of human skin under the influence of a poison ivy extract or croton oil added in vitro. Urinary protease activity of guinea pigs increased significantly during the first hours of anaphylactic shock and very markedly in peptone shock. Peptone shock, elicited in mice pretreated with H. pertussis, was accompanied by a considerable increase in protease activity in the peritoneal fluid as compared with non-pretreated mice which were insensitive to peptone. Proteolytic activity resulting from the activation procedures was due to a number of proteases. The dominant substrate affinity and inhibition patterns suggest that serum and urine proteases are similar to but not identical with plasmin. Anaphylactic activation exhibited patterns different from those resulting from the action of anaphylactoid agents. Tissue enzymes are either of cathepsin- or chymotrypsin-type or mixtures of both. Some of the activated enzymes, although remarkably effective in hydrolyzing amino acid esters, show no activity on protein substrates. This does not justify, however, their designation as "esterases." They probably belong to the class of specific proteases acting only on a single or a small number of functionally significant protein substrates. There is at present sufficient evidence to prove not only that protease activation does occur in anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid conditions but also that it is an important component of the chain of reactions leading to the allergic response.
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PMID:Further studies on the role of proteases in the allergic reaction. 1377 89

Blockade of the RES was accomplished by the intravenous injection of carbon particles, thorotrast, zymosan, or a suspension of Bordetella pertussis. The blockade resulted in a decrease in sensitivity to anaphylaxis produced by the intravenous injection of soluble antigen-antibody complexes consisting of an optimal shocking mixture of bovine plasma albumin and mouse antibody to this antigen. The decrease in sensitivity to anaphylaxis was dependent on the dose of blockading agent and on the time between blockade and challenge with complex. The loss of sensitivity to anaphylaxis could not be restored by the administration of fresh serum from normal mice nor by guinea pig complement. Antigen-antibody complexes were rapidly removed from the blood with an average half-time of 11.9 minutes in normal mice. Complexes were cleared at significantly more rapid rates in mice previously sensitized to antigen. Although not all the results can be explained on the basis of blockade the facts indicate that the RES does play an important but as yet undefined role in passive homologous anaphylaxis in the mouse.
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PMID:The role of the reticuloendothelial system in mouse anaphylaxis as tested with homologous antibody-antigen complexes. 1378 39

Immunization with DTP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) is a part of the vaccination calendar offered in childhood. Adverse allergic reactions vary from minimal urticarial reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis. In infancy these reactions usually interrupt the vaccination calendar, but immunization in these children should be done. At the University Children's Hospital of Belgrade, a group of 137 children with suspected allergic anaphylactic reaction to DTP, DT, TT and monopertussis vaccine was studied for the last six years. Skin (prick and intradermal) tests were performed with corresponding vaccine. If both tests were negative, the vaccine could be given as a single dose of 0.5 ml. If one of these tests were positive desensitization with vaccine could be done (according to the protocol described by Carey and Meltzer). In one group of 52 children three days before desensitization, premedication with antihistamines, was done, whereas in the other group of 52 children premedication was not done. Two (3.8%) children in a group of 52 children with premedication had a minor (local) reaction after vaccination and 50 children (96.2%) had no reaction after vaccination, whereas no children (0%) had systemic reaction after desensitization.
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PMID:[Desensitization to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine]. 1511 82


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