Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice sensitized with two intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin and challenged intranasally with the same antigen developed a non-fatal anaphylactic shock peaking in severity 30 min after challenge. Increases in haematocrit were noted which corresponded to the severity of signs of shock displayed by mice. Severity of shock also correlated with IgE and IgG levels. Sensitization by the nasal route, and use of B. pertussis vaccine as adjuvant had no qualitative effect upon the response. Cobra venom factor depletion of C3 in vivo did not alter the response of mice, which suggests anaphylaxis did not involve complement activation. Sensitivity was not transferrable to non-immune mice with serum. Passive sensitization with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies produced inconsistent results. Possible mechanisms of anaphylaxis are discussed.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis following intranasal challenge of mice sensitized with ovalbumin. 670 76

Rats immunized with sulbenicillin-ovalbumin (SBPC-OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis produced high levels of anti-SBPC antibodies. Anti-SBPC antibodies were first detected on day 8, reaching the maximum titer on day 12 and rapidly declined thereafter. Anti-SBPC sera obtained on day 13 were sulfhydryl-labile and heat-labile. The optimal latent period in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was 60 approximately 72 hours. These results indicate that anti-SBPC antibodies were IgE antibodies. Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wister and F344 rats were equally productive of anti-SBPC antibodies, while SD rats were more productive of anti-cephaloridine (CER) antibodies than Wister and F344 rats did. In SD rats, the IgE antibodies for penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC) and SBPC were more easily produced than the IgE antibodies for CER, cefazolin (CEZ) and cephacetrile (CEC).
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PMID:IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. I. Characteristics of the IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. 725 12

Mesenteric and bronchial lymph node cells from sheep immunized with Ascaris suum antigens in combination with Bordetella pertussis vaccine were fused with mouse myeloma cell lines, P3-X63-Ag8.653, NSO.U and NS1.1.Ag1.1. One heterohybridoma cell line (NS1.1.Ag1.1 x sheep) producing ovine immunoglobulin E was detected by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test.
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PMID:Obtention of ovine IgE from heterohybridoma. 788 39

In studies designed to optimize the production and detection of anti-ovalbumin (anti-Oa) IgE in Ham/ICR mice, a range of doses of both Oa and pertussis toxin as the IgE adjuvant was explored. As determined by 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests, the highest titre of anti-Oa IgE was obtained in a three-injection protocol with 0.1 micrograms Oa and 1 microgram pertussis toxin for the priming dose, followed by two further doses of 0.1 microgram Oa alone. In single-dose immunizations, the highest PCA responses were obtained in sera from mice given 20 micrograms Oa and 1 microgram pertussis toxin. These data confirm that murine IgE production to Oa depends on particular combinations of immunization variables. There was no direct correlation between the PCA and anti-IgE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titres of the PCA-positive sera; indeed there was a significant negative correlation. This relationship was not due to interference by IgG1, as there was no correlation between the anti-Oa IgG1 and anti-Oa IgE ELISA titres of the sera. These results highlight the need for caution in assuming that serum IgE levels as measured by ELISA will necessarily correlate positively with IgE biological activity as measured by allergen challenge in vivo.
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PMID:Adjuvant effect of pertussis toxin on the production of anti-ovalbumin IgE in mice and lack of direct correlation between PCA and ELISA. 792 30

Absolute contraindications to pertussis immunization should be limited to anaphylaxis or unexplained encephalopathy following a previous dose. Other contraindications including marked febrile reactions (> 40.5 degrees C), hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes, prolonged screaming (> 3 h) and severe local reactions (more than half the limb involved) are relative, as no long-term adverse consequences have been noted, and must be weighed up in the context of the risk of pertussis to the individual child. Each of these contraindications will affect less than 1% of children. Paediatricians should strongly discourage the inappropriate deferral of pertussis immunization due to mild illness and the omission of pertussis vaccine because of inappropriate contraindications, such as many of those mentioned in the product information. This is especially important in children who have underlying conditions which may place them at greater risk of acquisition of and complications from natural pertussis infection.
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PMID:The Australian College of Paediatrics Policy Statement. Contraindications to immunization against pertussis. 794 40

Data in the literature concerning the role of macrophages in anaphylaxis are contradictory. In the present study, the effect of macrophage blockade induced by gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) on anaphylactic shock is investigated. Our observations show that GdCl3 prevents lethal anaphylactic shock in mice sensitized to ovalbumin. Gadolinium chloride given i.v. in a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight 24 or 48 h before the elicitation of anaphylactic shock resulted in 80% survival, compared with the 43% survival in the control group. The same dose of this rare-earth metal salt also greatly reduced the mortality in mice sensitized with ovalbumin containing Bordetella pertussis vaccine, and similarly abrogated the symptoms of anaphylaxis, including the accumulation of serotonin and histamine in the liver. The results suggest that macrophages play an important role in mouse anaphylaxis.
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PMID:Inhibition of anaphylactic shock by gadolinium chloride-induced Kupffer cell blockade. 797 19

Pertussis toxin (Ptx), the major toxin product of Bordetella pertussis, has potent immunologic effect including adjuvant effects on antibody responses and sensitization for anaphylaxis. In order to further define the effect of Ptx on the class and subclass of murine antibody response, we measured total and antigen specific IgG subclasses and IgE in Balb/c mice after primary and secondary immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT). Low doses of Ptx (100 ng) given intravenously at the time of primary immunization increased primary IgG1 and IgE anti-TT antibodies as well as total IgG1 and IgE concentrations compared to controls. The increase in IgG1 subclass and IgE response when Ptx was present during primary immunization was even more pronounced after secondary immunization with TT alone 3 weeks or 3 months later. Similar effects were noted after diphtheria toxoid immunization in the presence of Ptx. Administration of the anti IL-4 monoclonal antibody (11B11) suppressed the enhanced total and TT-specific IgE responses but not the enhanced IgG1 responses. The presence of low concentrations of Ptx during primary immunization primes for induction of IL-4 producing T-cell help which enhances IgGI and IgE responses to the primary exposure as well as to subsequent exposures of the antigen in the absence of Ptx. This phenomenon may have significance for the adjuvant activity of vaccines containing Ptx as well as for the immune response to natural pertussis.
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PMID:Pertussis toxin enhanced IgG1 and IgE responses to primary tetanus immunization are mediated by interleukin-4 and persist during secondary responses to tetanus alone. 874 55

This report provides updated information concerning the potential adverse events associated with vaccination for hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. This information incorporates findings from a series of recent literature reviews, conducted by an expert committee at the Institute of Medicine (IOM), of all evidence regarding the possible adverse consequences of vaccines administered to children. This report contains modifications to the previously published recommendations of the Advisory committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and is based on an ACIP review of the IOM findings and new research on vaccine safety. In addition, this report incorporates information contained in the "Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: Use of Vaccines and Immune Globulins in Persons with Altered Immunocompetence" (MMWR 1993;42[No. 44-4]) and the "General Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" (MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-1]). Major changes to the previous recommendations are highlighted within the text, and specific information concerning the following vaccines and the possible adverse events associated with their administration are included: hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis, measles vaccine and a) thrombocytopenia and b) possible risk for death resulting from anaphylaxis or disseminated disease in immunocompromised persons; diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) and chronic encephalopathy; and tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines and a) Guillain-Barre syndrome, b) brachial neuritis, and c) possible risk for death resulting from anaphylaxis. These modifications will be incorporated into more comprehensive ACIP recommendations for each vaccine when such statements are revised. Also included in this report are interim recommendations concerning the use of measles and mumps vaccines in a) persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus and b) persons who are allergic to eggs; ACIP is still evaluating these recommendations.
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PMID:Update: vaccine side effects, adverse reactions, contraindications, and precautions. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 880 42

Six different immunisation regimes were used in an attempt to elevate the concentration of ovine IgE. The response was measured by a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test. These regimes included infection with Ascaris suum and the combination of infection and parenteral administration of Ascaris antigens and ovalbumin in adjuvants. The regime producing the highest titre of IgE was the combination of Ascaris infection with parenteral administration of Ascaris extract in Bordetella pertussis. This regime consistently produced a transient high titre (1:1280-1:2560) of serum IgE 9-12 days after immunisation. The response to ovalbumin was transient and the maximum PCA titre obtained was 1:10.
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PMID:Immunisation regimes used to elevate serum IgE in sheep. 901 13

We previously reported that anti-IL-4 mAb (11B11) failed to prevent protein-induced fatal murine anaphylaxis. To investigate the effect of anti-IL-4 on hapten-induced anaphylaxis, a model of murine anaphylaxis induced by antibiotics, penicillin V (Pen V) and cephalothin (CET), was developed, and the effect of anti-IL-4 on the anaphylaxis was observed. Pen V and CET induced 100 and 70 to 90% fatal reactions, respectively, when C57BL/6 mice were sensitized i.p. with 500 microg of antibiotic-OVA conjugate with 2 x 10(9) Bordetella pertussis and 1.0 mg of alum and challenged i.v. with 100 microg of antibiotic-BSA conjugate 14 days later. Serum taken from mice sensitized to Pen V passively sensitized normal mice to develop systemic anaphylaxis, and this ability of the serum was abrogated by heating at 56 degrees C for 2 h or depletion of IgE, but not IgG, Abs. Thus, the antibiotic-induced fatal reaction was an IgE-dependent anaphylactic reaction. Administration of anti-IL-4 at the beginning of sensitization completely prevented the fatal anaphylactic reactions to both Pen V and CET. This effect of anti-IL-4 was associated with its suppressive activity on antibiotic-specific serum IgE, but not IgG, levels. More importantly, anti-IL-4 therapy in previously sensitized mice was also effective in preventing the fatal reactions and rapidly reduced the established IgE levels. This study provides a new animal model of hapten-induced anaphylaxis and indicates that blocking of IL-4 activity may be beneficial in allergic diseases caused by a variety of haptens in which IgE Abs play a major role.
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PMID:Anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody prevents antibiotics-induced active fatal anaphylaxis. 914 20


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