Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single C motif-1 (SCM-1)/lymphotactin is a member of the chemokine superfamily, but retains only the 2nd and 4th of the four cysteine residues conserved in other chemokines. In humans, there are two highly homologous SCM-1 genes encoding SCM-1alpha and SCM-1beta with two amino acid substitutions. To identify a specific receptor for SCM-1 proteins, we produced recombinant SCM-1alpha and SCM-1beta by the baculovirus expression system and tested them on murine L1.2 cells stably expressing eight known chemokine receptors and three orphan receptors. Both proteins specifically induced migration in cells expressing an orphan receptor, GPR5. The migration was chemotactic and suppressed by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling to a Galpha type of G protein. Both proteins also induced intracellular calcium mobilization in GPR5-expressing L1.2 cells with efficient mutual cross desensitization. SCM-1alpha bound specifically to GPR5-expressing L1.2 cells with a Kd of 10 nM. By Northern blot analysis, GPR5 mRNA of about 5 kilobases was detected strongly in placenta and weakly in spleen and thymus among various human tissues. Identification of a specific receptor for SCM-1 would facilitate our investigation on its biological function. Following the set rule for the chemokine receptor nomenclature, we propose to designate GPR5 as XCR1 from XC chemokine receptor-1.
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PMID:Identification of single C motif-1/lymphotactin receptor XCR1. 963 25

Vaccination strategy that induce efficient antibody responses polytopically in most lymph nodes (LNs) against infections has not been established yet. Because donor-specific blood transfusion induces anti-donor class I MHC antibody production in splenectomized rats, we examined the mechanism and significance of this response. Among the donor blood components, T cells were the most efficient immunogens, inducing recipient T cell and B cell proliferative responses not only in the spleen, but also in the peripheral and gut LNs. Donor T cells soon migrated to the splenic T cell area and the LNs, with a temporary significant increase in recipient NK cells. XCR1+ resident dendritic cells (DCs), but not XCR1- DCs, selectively phagocytosed donor class I MHC+ fragments after 1 day. After 1.5 days, both DC subsets formed clusters with recipient CD4+ T cells, which proliferated within these clusters. Inhibition of donor T cell migration or depletion of NK cells by pretreatment with pertussis toxin or anti-asialoGM1 antibody, respectively, significantly suppressed DC phagocytosis and subsequent immune responses. Three allogeneic strains with different NK activities had the same response but with different intensity. Donor T cell proliferation was not required, indicating that the graft vs. host reaction is dispensable. Intravenous transfer of antigen-labeled and mitotic inhibitor-treated allogeneic, but not syngeneic, T cells induced a polytopical antibody response to labeled antigens in the LNs of splenectomized rats. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of alloresponses polytopically in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) induced by allogeneic T cells. Donor T cells behave as self-migratory antigen ferries to be delivered to resident XCR1+ DCs with negligible commitment of migratory DCs. Allogeneic T cells may be clinically applicable as vaccine vectors for polytopical prophylactic antibody production even in asplenic or hyposplenic individuals.
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PMID:Novel Targeting to XCR1+ Dendritic Cells Using Allogeneic T Cells for Polytopical Antibody Responses in the Lymph Nodes. 3119 52