Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to create clearly documented immediate-type allergy to food protein in the intestine of rats and to study some pathophysiological phenomena induced by challenge with the allergen. To achieve this, rats were sensitized with ovalbumin. A passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to ovalbumin was negative in all controls and positive in all test animals when Bordetella pertussis was used as adjuvant. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection of 125I-human serum albumin and 45 min after an ovalbumin challenge, given by gavage, the rats were sacrificed. The intestine was removed and sections taken for morphologic studies. The remainder was rinsed, opened, cut into measured segments, weighed, and the radioactivity was measured. Disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein were estimated in homogenates of epithelium. Results in both control and test animals showed that radioactivity decreased as one moved distally along the intestine. However, radioactivity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the intestine of test animals than in controls. Radioactivity in liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs was identical in test and control animals. There was significant reduction in levels of alkaline phosphatase (p varied from less than 0.05 to less than 0.001), maltase (p less than 0.05), and sucrase (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Lactase activity in contrast was significantly raised (p less than 0.05). There was no change in intestinal morphology or in the intestinal mast cell count.
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PMID:The effect of immediate-type gastrointestinal allergic reactions on brush border enzymes and gut morphology in the rat. 392 23

The in vivo metabolic events which follow the administration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or isoproterenol were examined in normal, Bordetella pertussis-vaccinated, and alpha and beta adrenergically blocked mice. The normal hyperglycemic response to epinephrine was suppressed in all experimental groups. The pertussis-sensitized and beta-blocked animals produced similar split patterns of altered response not duplicated by the alpha-blocking compounds. Those catecholamines that normally increase free fatty acids and lactic acid in the circulation failed to do so in the pertussis-sensitized and beta-blocked animals; the inhibition of free fatty acid mobilization was also demonstrated with adipose tissue incubated in vitro. An extract of the pertussis organism added to incubation media prevented the catecholamine-induced free fatty acid response. The epinephrine-stabilizing effect of bovine serum albumin (Cohn-fraction V) was observed. The results of these studies further emphasize a correlation between pertussis-sensitized and beta-adrenergically blocked mice.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro manifestations of adrenergic blockade in Bordetella pertussis-vaccinated mice. 438 32

Rats were sensitized with a single intraperitoneal dose of bovine serum albumin in alhydrogel plus Bordetella pertussis vaccine, and local anaphylaxis was elicited in the paw by soluble antigen 2 weeks later. The response was mainly due to IgE-type antibodies and proved to be highly sensitive to beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Dexamethasone inhibited the response after a lag phase. Methysergide, disodium chromoglycate, diethylcarbamazine, BW 775/c, nordihydroguarjaretic acid, and FPL 55712 were also suppressive, while mepyramine was without effect. A synergism between methysergide and FPL 55712 was shown. Active local paw anaphylaxis appears to be adequate and easily applicable for large-scale screening of anti-allergic drugs.
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PMID:A new method of testing anti-allergic drugs. 634 Dec 56

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) sensitivity and IgE antibody production were examined in rats from four different outbred colonies: Wistar A, Wistar B, Sprague-Dawley, and Donryu. PCA sensitivity was the highest in Wistar B and the lowest in Wistar A rats using anti-Ascaris, antibovine serum albumin, and anti-Clonorchis sinensis IgE antibodies. The PCA sensitivity related inversely to the reverse PCA reaction with rabbit antirat IgE antibody, suggesting that preexisting IgE molecules on the mast cells in the skin interfered with the PCA reaction. However, the skin sensitivity to compound 48/80 was comparable in rats from the four colonies indicating the same sensitivity to nonimmunological stimulation. Ability of rats to produce IgE antibody was tested by immunizing them with dinitrophenol-coupled Ascaris extract and Bordetella pertussis adjuvant. Essentially no difference in antidinitrophenol-coupled Ascaris extract IgE antibody production was observed among animals from the different colonies.
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PMID:Sensitivity of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. I. Inverse relationship between PCA sensitivity and amount of IgE present on mast cells. 634 5

The fluorescent calcium indicator, fluo-3, was loaded as the membrane permeant tetraacetoxymethyl (AM) ester into cauda epididymal mouse sperm at 25 degrees C for 20 min in the absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and presence of the dispersant, Pluronic F-127. Excess indicator was removed by two centrifugation washes at 100g for 10 min, a procedure that did not impair sperm motility. Upon resuspension in medium containing 20 mg/ml BSA to promote capacitation, the sperm cells exhibited readily detectable fluorescence uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm. Cell fluorescence was stable over the time of the experiments and was responsive to changes in intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i. Initial [Ca2+]i was 231 +/- 58 nM (+/- SE, n = 43). Addition of heat-solubilized mouse zonae pellucidae to capacitated sperm increased [Ca2+]i by 106 +/- 19 nM (+/- SE, n = 18), the higher steady-state concentration being reached after 30 min. Subsequent addition of the non-fluorescent calcium ionophore Br-A23187 resulted in a further increase of 114 +/- 18 nM (+/- SE, n = 18), the higher steady-state concentration being reached after 6 min. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by solubilized zonae pellucidae was largely blocked by 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), an antagonist of muscarinic receptors that was earlier shown to block the zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction in mouse sperm (Florman and Storey, 1982: Dev Biol 91:121-130). This [Ca2+]i increase was completely blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin A48, and by the inactivator of G1 proteins, pertussis toxin. At the concentrations at which they blocked the zona pellucida-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, all three inhibitors also blocked the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. These results indicate that [Ca2+]i increase in is an early, if not the initial, reaction in the sequence leading to zona pellucida induced acrosomal exocytosis in mouse sperm. The observation that the three inhibitors, each having a different mode of action, all block the zona pellucida induced [Ca2+]i suggests that the sperm plasma membrane receptors mediating the zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction may function as a complex, whose formation is activated by zona pellucida ligand binding.
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PMID:Calcium influx into mouse spermatozoa activated by solubilized mouse zona pellucida, monitored with the calcium fluorescent indicator, fluo-3. Inhibition of the influx by three inhibitors of the zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction: tyrphostin A48, pertussis toxin, and 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. 788 69

Immunogenic properties of TVGRGDPHQ nonapeptide which is correspondent to the region 1094-1102 of B. pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were studied. The conjugate of bovine serum albumin with nonapeptide was used for immunization of BALB/c and CBA mice. Antisera of the both lines of mice cross-reacted with a number of antigens, but using affinity chromatography peptide and FHA specific antibodies were extracted. Affinity purified rabbit antibodies to TVGRGPHQ which recognize FHA were also obtained. Therefore the antibodies to the peptide which placed RGD-containing region responsible for macrophage CR3-integrin interaction are capable to distinguish the native antigen. Thus these data are an additional evidence for the nonapeptide use as a component of synthetic vaccine against whooping-cough.
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PMID:Analysis of immunogenic properties of nonapeptide TVGRGDPHQ from Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin. 799 47

Cell-free synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contains soluble and insoluble IgG-containing immune complexes which activate reactive oxidant production in human neutrophils. In this report we have measured the effects of inhibitors of signal transduction pathways on neutrophil activation by these complexes and also following activation by synthetic soluble and insoluble immune complexes made from human serum albumin (HSA) and anti-(HSA) antibodies. In all aspects studied, the soluble rheumatoid complexes and the soluble synthetic complexes were indistinguishable in the ways in which they activated neutrophils. Activation of reactive oxidant production in response to these soluble complexes was completely inhibited by pertussis toxin (indicating G-protein coupling of receptor occupancy), completely insensitive to staurosporine (indicating that oxidant production did not require protein kinase C activity), only marginally (< 30%) inhibited by butanol (indicating that dependence upon activity of phospholipase D was minimal), and completely inhibited by chloracysine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. In contrast, activation of reactive oxidant production in response to the insoluble rheumatoid or insoluble synthetic immune complexes was largely pertussis toxin insensitive, inhibited by > 50% by staurosporine, inhibited by > 50% by butanol, and completely inhibited by chloracysine. These results show that the receptor-mediated signal transduction systems activated by the soluble and insoluble immune complexes are different. Because the soluble complexes activate a transient burst of reactive oxidant secretion from primed neutrophils, the mechanisms regulating either the release or the intracellular production of oxidants within rheumatoid joints are distinct and hence may be pharmacologically modified independently of each other.
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PMID:Stimulation of reactive oxidant production in neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immune complexes occurs via different receptors/signal transduction systems. 800 62

Bone is a target tissue of androgens, but the mechanisms by which they act on bone are still unclear. This study examines the early (5-60 s) effects of 1 pM to 1 microM testosterone on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacyglycerol (DAG) formation in confluent male rat osteoblasts. 10 pM to 10 nM testosterone increased [Ca2+]i within 5 s via Ca2+ influx as shown by the effects of EGTA and the Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil and via Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum as shown by the effects of thapsigargin and neomycin. 10 pM to 10 nM testosterone increased InsP3 and DAG formation within 10 s. Testosterone immobilized on bovine serum albumin (testosterone (O-carboxymethyl)oxime/bovine serum albumin) and its derivative, (O-carboxymethyl)oxime, rapidly increased [Ca2+]i and InsP3 and DAG formation and were full agonists, although they were less potent than the free steroid. Cyproterone acetate, a nuclear antagonist, did not block the increase in [Ca2+]i and InsP3 and DAG formation induced by testosterone. Finally, neomycin and pertussis toxin totally abolished the effects of testosterone on InsP3 and DAG. These results suggest that male rat osteoblasts bear nongenomic unconventional cell-surface receptors for testosterone that belong to the class of the membrane receptors coupled to a phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein.
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PMID:Androgens increase intracellular calcium concentration and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol formation via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. 812 34

Estrogen deficiency is associated with bone loss, and estrogen replacement is an effective treatment of this osteoporotic process. This study examines the early (5-120 s) effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the intracellular calcium and phospholipid metabolism in confluent female rat osteoblasts. The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was determined using fura-2/AM as Ca2+ probe. Cells were labeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol or [14C]arachidonic acid for inositol or lipid determination. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) production were determined by either mass measurement or anion-exchange chromatography or by thin-layer chromatography, respectively. 17 beta-Estradiol (1 pM to 1 nM) increased [Ca2+]i in a biphasic manner within 10 s via Ca2+ influx from the extracellular milieu, as shown by the effects of the calcium chelator EGTA and the Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil, and via Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as shown by the effects of thapsigargin. 17 beta-Estradiol (1 pM to 1 nM) induced a biphasic and concomitant increase in IP3 and DAG formation. Estradiol immobilized on bovine serum albumin (BSA) [E-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime BSA] and its derivative (O-carboxymethyl)oxime rapidly increased ([Ca2+]i, IP3, and DAG and were full agonists, although they were less potent than the free estradiol. They had the same action time course and acted via Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ mobilization from ER. Tamoxifen, a potent inhibitor of genomic steroid responses, did not block the rapid increase in Ca2+, IP3, and DAG induced by estradiol. Finally, inhibitor of phospholipase C (neomycin) and pertussis toxin abolished the effects of 17 beta-estradiol on IP3 and DAG formation. These results suggest that female rat osteoblasts bear non-genomic unconventional cell surface receptors for estradiol, belonging to the class of the membrane receptors coupled to a phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
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PMID:Cell signaling and estrogens in female rat osteoblasts: a possible involvement of unconventional nonnuclear receptors. 826 28

In common with many other animal cells in culture, BHK21, CHO and NIH-3T3 cells adopt bizarre stellate or arborized shapes when exposed, in the absence of serum, to agents which increase cytoplasmic cyclic AMP (cAMP). Dibutyryl cAMP, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, cholera toxin and the invasive adenylate cyclase from Bordetella pertussis all induce similar shapes. Time lapse video recording of BHK21 cells spreading on fibronectin shows that stellate shapes are generated by outgrowth of neurite-like processes led by small fans of ruffling membrane. These structures stain strongly for F actin, and their outgrowth is completely inhibited by cytochalasin D. Thus if stellation is caused by microfilament depletion, this must be selective for subsets of microfilaments. We have quantified the shape changes of BHK21 cells using the parameter dispersion. They are prevented by low concentrations (1% by volume and below) of bovine sera. The inhibitory component of foetal bovine serum acts humorally, behaves as a macromolecule and is itself inhibited by suramin, but platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, vasopressin and bradykinin are inactive. The inhibitory activity of serum may be due to phospholipids, since it can be replaced by lysophosphatidic acid in the presence of serum albumin.
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PMID:Shapes of cells spreading on fibronectin: measurement of the stellation of BHK21 cells induced by raising cyclic AMP, and of its reversal by serum and lysophosphatidic acid. 838 76


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