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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Outbreaks of vaccine preventable infections have focused attention on 'missed opportunities' for immunizing children. The immunization status of 520 consecutive children attending Casualty during a 10 day period was studied. Only 70% of children had received their diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) and poliomyelitis immunization at the appropriate time, 13% had completed the schedule later than recommended and 17% had immunizations overdue by 4 weeks or more. For measles (mumps/rubella) vaccine (MM or MMR) 75% were up to date, 10% were given late and 15% were overdue. A subset of 171 families was interviewed to evaluate factors affecting compliance. Families possessing a Social Security 'Health Care Card', whose father was unemployed, who spoke poor English or who had lived in Australia for 5 years or less were significantly more likely (P < 0.02) to be inadequately immunized. There were 84 children whose immunization was overdue and who were well enough to be immunized. The parents of 70 (83%) of these 84 said that they would agree to 'on the spot' immunization if it were available; 14 (17%) parents refused, the commonest reason for refusal being that the parents felt that the child was too sick at the time to be immunized.
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PMID:Immunization status of casualty attenders: risk factors for non-compliance and attitudes to 'on the spot' immunization. 146 42

In July 1991 a new vaccination strategy has been recommended. Two alterations are involved; the general recommendation of the pertussis immunization and a second MMR vaccination. Comments are given on BCG-, pertussis-, MMR- and HIB-vaccinations. The continued existence or the new foundation respectively of medical advisory boards on immunization problems in all states of the Federal Republic of Germany are strongly recommended.
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PMID:[A new vaccination schedule]. 149 61

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

Immunization practice in 32 countries in Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia is reviewed. in most countries, immunization practices are set by the federal government which sometimes works with the private sector. Almost all countries routinely immunize against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and measles. About half try to prevent rubella, several try to prevent mumps, usually in combination with measles and rubella (MMR). More than half use bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BGG) vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, and a few give Hemophilus Influenza type B polysaccharide. Poliomyelitis vaccine comes in 2 forms: 1) oral live attenuated (OPV) or injectable inactivated (IPV). OPV is more used, but there is a new "enhanced potency IPV." All countries except Japan give DPT in 3 doses during the 1st year of life. OPV is usually given at the same time that DPT is. Measles vaccine or MMR is usually given between 12 and 18 months of age. Primary vaccine failure occurs in 2-5% of people who get measles vaccine, but this may be enough to "sustain transmission." In most countries, the government provides for immunizing children. An exception in the US. In the UK, low coverage has taken place because of concern for adverse reactions (whooping cough) or lack of appreciation of the disease's impact (measles). Coverage against both measles and pertussis has improved in the UK lately. In each developed country, vaccines have had "spectacular" effects. However, there are too many contraindications and there is "undue fear of adverse events." Also, there are surveillance deficiencies, a lack of coordination, and countries vary in their commitment to "reduction/elimination targets." Varicella vaccine, respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, and rotavirus vaccine are being considered for universal use. Attempts are being made to improve the safety of some vaccine.
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PMID:Immunisation practice in developed countries. 196 69

Recent additions to the immunization schedule include acellular pertussis vaccine, and hepatitis B vaccine for all infants and selected adolescents. The third dose of OPV is recommended at 6 months of age and the first dose of MMR vaccine at 12 to 15 months. A new vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b has been licensed. Children aged 6 months and older with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease should receive influenza vaccine. Children aged 2 years and older with asplenia, immunosuppression, and nephrotic syndrome may be candidates for pneumococcal immunization.
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PMID:Childhood immunization guidelines: current and future. 785 58

The Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) was initiated to increase vaccination coverage among 2-year-old children. The 1996 objective is to have at least 90% coverage for four of the five critical vaccines routinely recommended for children (i.e., one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine [MMR] and at least three doses each of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP], oral poliovirus vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine [Hib]), and at least 70% coverage for three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) (1). These objectives are an interim step toward the year 2000 goal of at least 90% coverage for the recommended series of vaccinations and are being monitored on an ongoing basis. This report presents national estimates of vaccination coverage among 2-year-old children derived from provisional data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the first quarter of 1994 and compares these with the last two quarters of 1993.
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PMID:Vaccination coverage of 2-year-old children--United States, January-March, 1994. 786 81

A 1992 retrospective survey by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) of children entering school in Kansas indicated that 52% were completely vaccinated by 24 months of age (i.e., received four doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP], three doses of poliomyelitis vaccine, and one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine [MMR]). In response to this low vaccination coverage rate, the KDHE set a goal for 1995 of completely vaccinating 90% of children by age 24 months. A major new initiative--Operation Immunize (OI)--undertaken to accomplish this goal consisted of three statewide vaccination campaigns on weekends during 1993-1994. This report summarizes the results of an assessment of the short-term impact of OI on children who remained undervaccinated following the first campaign.
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PMID:Assessment of undervaccinated children following a mass vaccination campaign--Kansas, 1993. 804 53

The primary goal of the Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) is to increase, by 1996, vaccination levels for 2-year-old children to at least 90% for the most critical doses in the vaccination series (i.e., one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine [MMR] and at least three doses each of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP], oral poliovirus vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine [Hib]) and to at least 70% for three or more doses of hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccine (1). This report presents estimates, based on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), of the annual national vaccination coverage levels for children aged 19-35 months (median: 27 months) for 1993, compares estimates for 1993 with those for 1992, and compares estimates for the first 6 months of 1993 with third and fourth quarter 1993 estimates.
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PMID:Vaccination coverage of 2-year-old children--United States, 1993. 809 Jan 58

The principal goal of the Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) is to increase, by 1996, vaccination levels for 2-year-old children to at least 90% for the most critical doses in the vaccination series (i.e., one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine [MMR] and at least three doses each of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP], oral poliovirus vaccine [OPV], and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine [Hib]) and to at least 70% for at least three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B). Since 1991, annual national estimates of vaccination coverage levels of preschool-aged children have been available through the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted by CDC. This report presents vaccination coverage levels of children aged 19-35 months for 1992 and provisional estimates of vaccination coverage for the combined first and second quarters of 1993 (Table 1).
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PMID:Vaccination coverage of 2-year-old children--United States, 1992-1993. 816 35

Some major modifications of the recommended Swiss vaccination schedule have been introduced in spring 1996: 1. The vaccination against pertussis using the new acellular vaccines, which cause fewer side-effects. This allows the administration of a fourth and a fifth dose at the age of 2 and 4-7 years, respectively. 2. The consideration of combination vaccines, which contain the vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis as well as the vaccine against invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. 3. In order to increase the individual vaccination protection, a second dose of MMR vaccine is recommended, preferably at the age of 4-7 years. A general recommendation for hepatitis B vaccination during adolescence may be expected in 1998.
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PMID:[Routine vaccination in childhood]. 949 11


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