Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 342 cases with pertussis notified from 1986 through 1989 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 331 (96.8%) were unimmunized children. To confirm the clinical efficacy of the acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (ACP-DT i.e.) used in the mass immunization, a prospective household case contact study has been conducted since 1983. Of 56 unimmunized children, 48 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 80 children who received recommended doses of the vaccine, only four contracted the disease after the household exposure. There were no serious systemic adverse reactions including high fever, encephalopathy, shock or death attributable to the mass immunization with ACP-DT. Severe local reactions occurred in 2.5/100,000 recipients of a third and fourth dose of the vaccine during 1984-1989.
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PMID:Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. 177 31

We conducted a retrospective survey of immunized school children in order to define the incidence of pertussis in relation to the acceptance rate of acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (ACP-DT vaccine). The attack rate of the disease was 0.01-0.02% in children with a history of recommended doses of the vaccine. In unimmunized children, 6.43-6.52% had a history of pertussis. To confirm the efficacy of the vaccine, a prospective household contact study based on clinical findings was conducted. Of 37 unimmunized children, 30 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 39 fully immunized children only two contracted the disease. Because there was no cluster of pertussis cases, a difference in vaccine efficacy between products seemed unlikely. From 1984 to 1987, there were no cases of high fever, encephalopathy, shock or death attributable to mass immunization with the vaccine. Severe erythema and swelling of the inoculated arm to the wrist were observed in 16 children (3.06/100,000 doses) after the third dose or after the booster dose. The vaccines used for these 16 children were from different manufacturers. All cases recovered completely.
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PMID:Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine. 307 9

Lipid A (endotoxin) is a major structural component of Gram-negative outer membranes. It also serves as the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide and is a potent activator of the innate immune response. Lipid A molecules from the genus Bordetella are reported to exhibit unusual structural asymmetry with respect to the acyl chains at the 3- and 3'-positions. These acyl chains are attached by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (LpxA). To determine the origin of the acyl variability, the single lpxA ortholog present in each of the genomes of Bordetella bronchiseptica (lpxA(Br)), Bordetella parapertussis (lpxA(Pa)), and Bordetella pertussis (lpxA(Pe)) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. In contrast to all LpxA proteins studied to date, LpxA(Br) and LpxA(Pe) display relaxed acyl chain length specificity in vitro, utilizing C(10)OH-ACP, C(12)OH-ACP, and C(14)OH-ACP at similar rates. Furthermore, hybrid lipid A molecules synthesized at 42 degrees C by an E. coli lpxA mutant complemented with lpxA(Pe) contain C(10)OH, C(12)OH, and C(14)OH at both the 3- and 3'-positions, as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In contrast, LpxA from B. parapertussis did not display relaxed specificity but was selective for C(10)OH-ACP. This study provides an enzymatic explanation for some of the unusual acyl chain variations found in Bordetella lipid A.
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PMID:Relaxed acyl chain specificity of Bordetella UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferases. 1188 34