Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The World Health Organization EPIMODEL computer program has projected that in 1993, there will be 41,023 cumulative cases of AIDS and 642,897 cumulative HIV infections among Nigerian adults. 1.2% of pregnant Nigerian women are reported to be HIV seropositive, 20-30% of whom can be expected to transmit HIV to their offspring. There are therefore many cases of pediatric HIV infection and AIDS in Nigeria. Infants and children can also be infected with HIV through the receipt of HIV-contaminated blood or blood products during transfusion, the use of unsterilized syringes and needles, and the use of contaminated instruments by traditional healers for circumcision, scarification, and tattoos. Vertical transmission, however, is the mode through which pediatric AIDS is most commonly spread. Preventive measures should therefore be directed toward promoting HIV risk reduction behaviors. Diagnosing AIDS and securing the laboratory confirmation of HIV infection are problematic in poor tropical countries like Nigeria. HIV-infected infants of unimpaired immunological status should be immunized with measles, injectable diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, and inactivated polio virus vaccines. However, measles vaccine must not be given to an already immunocompromised patient. Likewise, BCG vaccination and oral live poliovaccine should not be given to HIV-infected children.
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PMID:Paediatric AIDS in Nigeria. 1229 67

Because vaccine co-administration can affect elicited immune responses, it is important to evaluate new vaccines in the context of pre-existing vaccination schedules. This is particularly necessary for new pediatric vaccines, as the World Health Organization's infant immunization program already schedules several vaccines to be administered during the first months of life. To facilitate the assessment of inter-vaccine interference, we developed a pediatric vaccine multiplex assay (PVMA) to simultaneously measure antibodies against vaccines commonly administered to infants, including hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, rubella, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Comparison of antibody concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the PVMA demonstrated that the PVMA is highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, and accurate. Moreover, the PVMA requires half the time to assess a cohort compared to ELISAs, and only costs marginally more. Demonstrating the utility of the assay, we employed the PVMA to assess vaccine interference in the setting of a candidate vaccine, using the infant HIV vaccines from the completed Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) protocols 230 and 326 as examples. There was no substantial difference in antibody concentrations between vaccine and placebo recipients, which suggests that HIV vaccination did not disrupt antibody responses elicited by routine pediatric vaccines. Thus, the PVMA is a reliable, high-throughput technique that requires minimal sample volume to measure multiple antibody concentrations concurrently, and is an efficient alternative to ELISAs for the measurement of vaccine-elicited antibody responses in large cohorts.
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PMID:Development and application of a multiplex assay for the simultaneous measurement of antibody responses elicited by common childhood vaccines. 3008 48