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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (PV) on the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) has been studied in vitro with the Mishell-Dutton immunization technique. The addition of PV to cultures of spleen cells obtained from normal non-immunized mice markedly enhanced the plaque-forming cell response to SRBC. The greatest enhancement was evident at 24 hr of culture. PV was also shown to enhance the antibody response of spleen cells that had been depleted of either T lymphocytes or adherent cells, presumably macrophages. In addition, it was found that PV, per se, released into the culture medium a soluble cell-free component(s) that contributed significantly to adjuvanticity. The results suggest that at least one of the ways that PV enhances the in vitro immune response to SRBC is by direct stimulation of precursors of antibody-forming cells.
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PMID:Studies on the adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine to sheep erythrocytes in the mouse. I. In vitro enhancement of antibody formation with normal spleen cells. 17 Mar 37

The effect of an extract of histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of different strains of mice to ovalbumin (OA) was investigated with regard to optimal dose of antigen and adjuvant. It was observed that all strains of mice treated with HSF during immunization with OA demonstrated enhanced production of hemagglutinating antibodies, as compared to animals treated with antigen alone. This enhancement was generally not as great as that demonstrated when Al(OH)3 was the adjuvant. HSF also stimulated a reaginic antibody response (IgE) to OA, but not in all strains of mice. In reagin responders optimal responses were observed with high doses of both antigen and adjuvant, whereas low doses of both produced little or no response. Maximal reagin production occurred usually 14-28 days after immunization and persisted for long periods of time. An anamnestic reagin response was elicited upon secondary immunization with antigen alone, not only in mice immunized with OA and HSF but also in animals treated with OA alone. These studies demonstrate the profound effect that a microbial substance such as HSF can have on reaginic antibody production and suggest that the stimulation of IgE antibody production is the net result of a number of factors including genetic capabilities of the host, environmental influence such as adjuvants, and prior exposure to an antigen.
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PMID:Adjuvant activity of the histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella pertussis in different strains of mice. 17 Dec 24

Upon hydrolysis with 2 N hydrochloric acid for 2 h, a 3-deoxy-octulosonic acid 5-phosphate was released from the endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis. The structure of the compound was established through chemical degradation. By periodate treatment of the intact endotoxin it was shown that positions 7 and 8 of the bound octulosonic acid phosphate were free, which, if present in a cyclic form, must be a pyranoside.
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PMID:3-Deoxy-2-octulosonic acid 5-phosphate: a component of the endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis. 17 33

The effect of an extract containing the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of mice to ovalbumin was investigated with respect to dose of antigen and adjuvant. Of particular interest was the enhancement of reaginic antibody production. In comparison to the Al(OH)3 induced production of reaginic antibody where low doses of antigen and adjuvant yield high titers of reagin, the HSF extract demonstrated optimal adjuvant activity at high doses of both adjuvant and antigen. The reaginic antibody response was maximal usually by 2 to 3 weeks post-immunization and persisted for long periods of time. The hemagglutinating antibody response was maximal at 8 to 10 weeks post-immunization. The initial treatment of mice with HSF extract plus antigen resulted in the production of memory cells since a subsequent immunization with ovalbumin alone evoked a secondary reaginic response. These observations may have implications in clinical allergy since substances similar to the pertussis factor might be produced by other microbial organisms and these substances could modulate the immunologic response of individuals to common allergens.
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PMID:Enhancement of reaginic and hemagglutinating antibody production by an extract of Bordetella pertussis containing histamine sensitizing factor. 17 56

Peritoneal fluids obtained from mice after the intraperitoneal administration of Bordetella pertussis vaccine, heated vaccine, an extract of the organisms, killed Escherichia coli, or thioglycolate medium were examined in terms of total cells and percentage that adhered to glass cover slips during 2-h incubation period. All these substances were found to increase the number of leukocytes in peritoneal fluid within 1 to 2 days after the injection. This increase appeared to be due to an influx of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes with relative proportions at a given time dependent upon the material involved in the induction of the response. The initial increases after pertussis vaccine seemed to be due mainly to an influx of monomuclear cells, whereas with E. coli neutrophils constituted the major portion of the cell population. The percentage of peritoneal cells that attached to glass was also found to be markedly reduced in preparations obtained from mice after the injection of B. pertussis or E. coli. There appeared to be differences in persistence of this phenomenon, with preparations containing the histamine-sensitizing factor being the most active in affecting adherence properties. Thus these data would suggest that the action of B. pertussis on macrophages (or precursors) and neutrophils is not expressed in terms of suppression of emigration properties, as has been reported by others for lymphocytes, but is manifested in the alteration of glass-adherence characteristics. Within experimental limitations, it is believed that macrophages are possibly more involved in terms of altered function than are the polymorphonuclear cells.
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PMID:Characteristics of cells present in peritoneal fluids of mice injected intraperitoneally with Bordetella pertussis. 17 17

Type 1 strains of Bordetella pertussis can infect mouse brain and have been recovered as type 1 organisms after death. When introduced into the naso-pharynx of the marmoset, they immediately acquired agglutinogen 2 or 3, and the resulting type 1,2 or 1,3 infection persisted for many weeks. As in the child, agglutinogens 2 and/or 3 appear to be essential for infection of the marmoset, whereas they are quite unnecessary in mouse brain. A vaccine (extract or whole cell) containing agglutinogen 1 may be sufficient to pass the mouse protection test but it may fail to immunize children. The mouse test is inadequate even for the screening of such extracts.
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PMID:Mouse or man? Which are pertussis vaccines to protect? 17 1

A schedule for the routine serotyping of strains of Bordetella pertussis based on agglutinin production in mice to the K-antigens has been worked out. Mice have been found as satisfactory as rabbits but far more economical for the production of the very small volumes of serum which are required. Agglutinin production, used in conjunction with direct agglutination, provides definitive information about serotype.
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PMID:The importance of agglutinin production in mice in the determination of the definitive serotype of Bordetella pertussis. 17 2

Classification, by agglutinogens, of 634 isolates of Bordetella pertussis collected from 1971 to 1968 in Great Britain demonstrated that a change from a predominantly 1,2,0,4 serotype (75% of those examined during 1941-4) to a predominantly 1,0,3,0 serotype (73% of those examined during 1966-8) occurred sometime after 1953. Furthermore, evidence from the examination of isolates collected between 1941 and 1953 suggests that the change may have been gradual. Isolates of serotype 1,2,3,4 made up 20-30% of the total of our cross-country selection for the periods 1941-4, 1946-9, 1950-3 and 1966-8, but over shorter periods in individual areas the percentage varied from negligible to as high as half of those isolated. Results from other countries show a similar drift towards a 1,0,3 sertype but more often from a 1,2,3 than from 1,2,0 serotype. The value, in epidemiological studies, of extended information obtained by monospecific typing sera to all six, rather than only two or three agglutinogens, and confirmation of the results by agglutinin production is demonstrated: for instance not all 1,0,3 isolates were identical.
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PMID:The serotypes of Bordetella pertussis isolated in Great Britain between 1941 and 1968 and a comparison with the serotypes observed in other countries over this period. 17 3

Strains of Bordetella pertussis in which all the organisms contain agglutinogens 1 and 3 or 1,2 and 4 are easy to identify as serotypes 1,0,3,0 and 1,2,0,4 respectively; and similarly, stable strains of serotype 1,0,3,4 are occasionally found. During repeated subcultures, passage in vivo, and lyophilization and preservation for many years, these serotypes do not change. Mixing 1,0,3,0 and 1,2,0,4 serotypes and culturing them together in vivo and in vitro produces cultures from which organisms of the same two serotypes can be isolated. In contrast, strains which type as 1,2,3,4 are often a heterogeneous group. We have attempted to classify these as "stable", "variable" and "mixed" cultures. Some strains comprise organisms all of which contain the four agglutinogens and are as easy to type as the strains described above. These we have called "stable" 1,2,3,4 strains. Other 1,2,3,4 strains are made up of colonies possessing all four agglutinogens, as shown by agglutinin production, but in amounts varying from day to day so that direct typing is inconsistent. These we have called "variable" 1,2,3,4 strains. The last category, "mixed", is made up of organisms most of which give rise to stable 1,2,3,4 cultures; a few of the component organisms, however, have one or two of the four agglutinogens missing. The importance of the "variable" cultures is emphasized for work on apparent change of serotype, e.g. during infection.
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PMID:The stability of the serotypes of Bordetella pertussis with particular reference to serotype 1,2,3,4. 17 4

Among various metabolic inhibitors tested, only 2, 4-dinitrophenol inhibited the growth of Bordetella pertussis in chick tracheal organ culture at concentrations nontoxic both for bacterial organisms and for ciliary motility of the tracheal fragments. Although this effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol was reversible in its early stage, longer treatment with this inhibitor resulted in an irreversible inhibition of bacterial growth due to secondary damage of the tracheal fragments. From these observations, it was postulated that the energy required for bacterial growth might be derived from cellular metabolism sensitive to inhibition with 2, 4-dinitrophenol.
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PMID:The effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol on the growth of Bordetella pertussis in chick tracheal organ culture. 17 95


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