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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two children are described with frequent relapsing haemolytic uraemic syndrome. In the first child, the disease reoccurred twice and in the second three times. In both, relapses could be related to a viral infection, as well as to a preceding inoculation for diphtheria--pertussis--tetanus--poliomyelitis in the second patient. Recurrent haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (H.U.S.) may constitute a discrete clinical form of H.U.S.
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PMID:Recurrent haemolytic uraemic syndrome. 5 34

The use of a quinea-pig model to study the immunogenicity of the insulin molecule is presented. The Hartley guinea-pig has been shown consistently to form antibody to ox insulin, when given in a water-in-oil emulsion containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. After log transformation of standardized antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin, a valid statistical comparison of the antibody response to different ox insulin preparations could be made. Antibody cross-reacting with ox insulin, but not iodo-ox insulin, was also detected. The quantity of one type of antibody was complementary to the other, an observation compatible with determinant competition having occurred during the immune response. From the results of cross-reactivity experiments using N-triacylated ox insulins and human insulin, it was shown that antibody cross-reacting with iodo-ox insulin had most probably been produced to a localized area of the molecule.
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PMID:Aspects of the secondary antibody response to ox insulin in the Hartley guinea-pig; the use of chemically modified ox insulin to delineate the antigenic determinants of ox insulin. 5 48

Subgroups of female Hartley guinea-pigs were immunized with N-carbamylated ox insulin, N-maleylated ox insulin, N-phthaloylated ox insulin, or with the crystalline ox insulin from which the N-acylated insulins had been prepared. The immunogens were administered in water-in-oil emulsions containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Sera obtained 20 days after secondary immunization were assayed for their antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin and their insulin-binding capacities. The data were log transformed for statistical comparison. N-carbamylated ox insulin seemed to be as immunogenic as crystalline ox insulin and no specific carbamyl hapten antibody could be found. N-maleylated and N-phthaloylated ox insulins yelded significantly less antibody cross-reactingwith iodo-ox insulin, but produced a complementary quantity of specific maleyl and phthaloyl hapten antibody respectively. Thus it was shown that in the system used the immune response was partitioned between different determinants, ox insulin and its N-acylated derivatives being equipotent immunogens.
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PMID:Determinant competition during the immune response to N-acyl derivatives of ox insulin in the Hartley guinea-pig. 5 52

The histological evidence of EAE in mice was presented to show the identity with those of other species of animals. There was a typical perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration. In addition, a hyperacute form was characterized by edema and the infiltration of polymorphs. In vascular lesions, vascular stasis, thrombosis, and hemorrhage were observed. As for the effect of pertussis vaccine used in the induction of mouse EAE, responsiveness to the histamine sensitizing factor was not directly correlated to the incidence of EAE. However, the intravenous administration of pertussis vaccine caused remarkable leukocytosis, which might play a certain role in mouse EAE induction.
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PMID:Experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) in mice: histological studies on EAE induced by myelin basic protein, and role of pertussis vaccine. 6 60

A hyperacute form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (HEAE) was induced in Lewis rats using small doses (3.2 mug) of guinea pig myelin basic protein as immunogen and B. pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Myelin basic proteins from species other than guinea pig (rat, man, monkey, pig, ox, rabbit and sheep) induced only ordinary EAE with this adjuvant. HEAE was more readily distinguished from ordinary EAE by clinical criteria (early onset, with a rapid and severe course, and high incidence of cerebral signs and mortality) than by histologic signs which, although characteristic of HEAE. were not pathognomonic for HEAE, HEAE was transferred to x-irradiated syngeneic recipient rats with lymph node cells from appropriately immunized donors. The Brown Norway (BN) strain of rat was found susceptible to induction of ordinary EAE, but not HEAE, using large doses of either rat or guinea pig myelin basic proteins. The unique immunogenicity of the guinea pig basic protein must be due to a different antigenic determinant from the determinant(s) which is shared by rat and guinea pig myelin basic proteins and which without B. pertussis induces ordinary EAE. The adjuvant action of B. pertussis in inducing HEAE in the Lewis rat is most likely mediated through an immunocompetent T lymphocyte.
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PMID:Antigen, host and adjuvant requirements for induction of hyperacute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 6 74

The authors present the results of studying the protective and sensitizing properties of a new preparation made of a ultrasonic disintegrate of pertussis microbes treated by ethyl ether. As shown by electron microscopy, the preparation consisted of the cell wall elements (the membrane), remnants of the cytoplasm and protectosome, i.e. it represented a vaccine consisting of cell fragments. In crude and sorbed condition it possessed marked protective properties (a test on mice). The content of protective units in the adsorbed preparation increased 1.5-3 times. The vaccine produced no sensitizing action, and its histamine-sensitizing activity was 3-5 times lower by protein and 5-10 times--by IOU than that of the whole-cell vaccine prepared form the same microbial suspension.
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PMID:[Vaccine from the cell fragments of Bordetella pertussis. I. Protective, sensitizing properties and morphological characteristics of the vaccine]. 6 95

For the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of an unspecific immunostimulation in acute leukaemias the results of treatment obtained from two groups of patients (a total of 55 children) were compiled. In the first group an unspecific immunostimulation with vaccination (BCG, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles) could be observed after the induction of remission during a cytostatic maintenance therapy. In the second group a polychemical therapy and the CNS-irradiation was applied according to the treatment scheme developed by the working team of Donald Pinkel. The group of patients treated with unspecific immunostimulation involved a high percentage of surviving children. In total there was no essential difference between the treatment results of both schemes of therapy during our period of observation. As before, the treatment of hyperleukocytic forms of leukaemias will cause particular difficulties.
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PMID:[Results of polychemotherapy and immunotherapy in acute leukemias]. 6 5

Calculations based on the mortality of whooping-cough before 1957 predict accurately the subsequent decline and the present low mortality. Notifications of incidence, though variable and incomplete, follow the same pattern of steady decline in the United Kingdom and are unaffected either by small-scale vaccination beginning about 1948 or by nationwide vaccination beginning in 1957. When valid comparisons can be made, attack-rates may be lower and complications fewer in vaccinated children, but allowance has to be made for overcrowding and socio-economic differences which may be more important as determinants of attack-rates. No protection by vaccination is demonstrable in infants. Adverse reactions and neurotoxicity following vaccinations were studied in 160 cases. In 79, the relationship to pertussis vaccine was strong. In 14 of these cases, reaction was transient but characteristic of a syndrome of shock and cerebral disturbance, which, in the other 65 cases, was followed by convulsions, hyperkinesis, and severe mental defect. It seems likely that most adverse reactions are unreported and that many are overlooked. Precise information about the efficacy and safety of this vaccine is lacking, because existing provisions, national and international, for epidemiological surveillance and evaluation are inadequate. The claim by official bodies that the risks of whooping-cough exceed those of vaccination is questionable, at least in the U.K.
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PMID:Vaccination against whooping-cough. Efficacy versus risks. 6 61

188 children with pertussis were admitted to Derbyshire Children's Hospital over a period of ten years. Fewer immunised children were admitted than would be expected if immunisation were ineffective. Immunisation seemed to decrease the risk of complications and the time spent in hospital. It is suggested that pertussis immunisation is valuable and should perhaps be introduced at an earlier age than is now recommended.
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PMID:Whooping-cough admissions to a paediatric hospital over ten years. The protective value of immunisation. 6 62

Thymus of (C57Bl/6 x DBA/2) F1 mice was examined histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, seven days after intravenous injection of BCG, pertussis vaccine, lipopolysaccharide or human gamma globulin, or intraperitoneal injection of complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants or of phytohemagglutinin. Only BCG induced a marked increase of the secretory activity of the thymic epithelium at all histological sites (cortex, corticomedullary junction and medullar). Only with this adjuvant was the epithelial hyperplasia associated with marked mitotic activity and high percentage of cells with cytoplasmic pyroninophilia among cortical lymphoid cells. The other substances tested produced different changes in the thymic epithelial cells according to the histologic zones. These results suggest that the epithelial cells of the cortex, the corticomedullary junction and the medulla respond differently to the agents tested and that the action of these substances upon thymus-dependent lymphoid cells may be indirect perhaps involving factors secreted by the epithelial cells.
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PMID:The effects of certain immunity systemic advuvants, PHA, and human gamma globulin on the thymic cortex of mice: a light and electron microscope study. 6 71


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