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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious, acute respiratory disease of humans that is caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. In the face of extensive global vaccination, this extremely monomorphic pathogen has persisted and re-emerged, causing approximately 300,000 deaths each year. In this review, we discuss the interaction of B. pertussis with the host mucosal epithelium and immune system. Using a large number of virulence factors, B. pertussis is able to create a niche for colonization in the human respiratory tract. The successful persistence of this pathogen is mainly due to its ability to interfere with almost every aspect of the immune system, from the inhibition of complement- and phagocyte-mediated killing to the suppression of T- and B-cell responses. Based on these insights, we delineate ideas for the rational design of improved vaccines that can target the 'weak spots' in the pathogenesis of this highly successful pathogen.
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PMID:Pertussis: a matter of immune modulation. 2120 63

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is especially dangerous for infants and children. Despite mass vaccination, reported pertussis cases have increased in the United States and other parts of the world, probably because of increased awareness, improved diagnostic means, and waning vaccine-induced immunity among adolescents and adults. Licensed vaccines do not kill the organism directly; the addition of a component inducing bactericidal antibodies would improve vaccine efficacy. We investigated Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica LPS-derived core oligosaccharide (OS) protein conjugates for their immunogenicity in mice. B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica core OS were bound to aminooxylated BSA via their terminal Kdo residues. The two conjugates induced similar anti-B. pertussis LPS IgG levels in mice. B. bronchiseptica was investigated because it is easier to grow than B. pertussis. Using B. bronchiseptica genetically modified strains deficient in the O-specific polysaccharide, we isolated fractions of core OS with one to five repeats of the terminal trisaccharide, having at the nonreducing end a GlcNAc or GalNAc, and bound them to BSA at different densities. The highest antibody levels in mice were elicited by conjugates containing an average of 8-17 OS chains per protein and with one repeat of the terminal trisaccharide. Conjugate-induced antisera were bactericidal against B. pertussis, and the titers correlated with ELISA-measured antibody levels (r = 0.74). Such conjugates are easy to prepare and standardize; added to a recombinant pertussis toxoid, they may induce antibacterial and antitoxin immunity.
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PMID:Oligosaccharide conjugates of Bordetella pertussis and bronchiseptica induce bactericidal antibodies, an addition to pertussis vaccine. 2136 91

Whooping cough, caused by the gram negative pathogen Bordetella pertussis, is a worldwide acute respiratory disease that predominantly involves infants. In the present study, surface proteins of B. pertussis Tohama I and Saadet strains were identified by using 2DE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis and also geLC-MS/MS. With these approaches it was possible to identify 45 and 226 proteins, respectively. When surface proteins of the strains were separated by 2DE and analyzed by Western blotting for their reactivity, a total of 27 immunogenic spots which correspond to 11 different gene products were determined. Glutamine-binding periplasmic protein, leu/ile/val-binding protein, one putative exported protein, and iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) were found as immunogenic for the first time in Bordetella. Of a total of 226 proteins identified, 16 were differentially expressed in B. pertussis Saadet and Tohama I strains. Five proteins were expressed only in Saadet (adhesin, chaperone protein DnaJ, fimbrial protein FimX, putative secreted protein Bsp22 and putative universal stress protein), and two (ABC transporter substrate-binding protein and a putative binding protein-dependent transport periplasmic protein) only in Tohama I.
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PMID:A comprehensive analysis of Bordetella pertussis surface proteome and identification of new immunogenic proteins. 2139 17

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute respiratory disease mainly affecting infants and children and is caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. The aim of this study was to investigate the share of Bordetella species from potential whooping cough cases during 2005-2009. Eight hundred and two samples from suspected pertussis cases were collected, mainly from 2 provinces of Pakistan. Bacterial culture, identification, DNA extraction and routinely used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using IS1001, IS1002 and IS481 were used to identify the Bordetella species. The results were unexpected, because all of the isolates collected from the different cities were identified as B. parapertussis (7.4%); B. pertussis was not isolated from any sample. However, PCR results indicated the presence of a small percentage (0.6%) of B. pertussis among the total cases studied. This study suggests that vaccines to protect against both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis should be considered.
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PMID:Whooping cough in Pakistan: Bordetella pertussis vs Bordetella parapertussis in 2005-2009. 2156 81

Bordetellosis is an upper respiratory disease of turkeys caused by Bordetella avium in which the bacteria attach specifically to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. Little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease, which has a negative impact in the commercial turkey industry. In this study, we produced a novel explant organ culture system that was able to successfully reproduce pathogenesis of B. avium in vitro, using tracheal tissue derived from 26 day-old turkey embryos. Treatment of the explants with whole cells of B. avium virulent strain 197N and culture supernatant, but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), specifically induced apoptosis in ciliated cells, as shown by annexin V and TUNEL staining. LPS and TCT are known virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Treatment with whole cells of B. avium and LPS specifically induced NO response in ciliated cells, shown by uNOS staining and diaphorase activity. The explant system is being used as a model to elucidate specific molecules responsible for the symptoms of bordetellosis.
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PMID:Bordetella avium causes induction of apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase in turkey tracheal explant cultures. 2160 77

Despite the introduction of routine vaccination against pertussis for more than a half century, leading to a drastic decline in the number of reported cases, pertussis continues to be an important respiratory disease afflicting unvaccinated infants and previously vaccinated children as well as adults in whom immunity has waned. The diagnosis of pertussis is challenging and accurate laboratory identification of Bordetella infections remains problematic. Common laboratory diagnostic methods used for pertussis diagnosis include culture, direct-fluorescent-antibody testing (DFA), serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Culture of Bordetella pertussis is highly specific but fastidious and has limited sensitivity. DFA provides a much more rapid result, but has the disadvantage of poor sensitivity and specificity. Serology is not useful in infants. In older persons, it is hampered by the limitations of paired sera and it provides mainly a retrospective diagnosis. Such limitations of conventional diagnosis testing have led to the development of PCR assays. Notwithstanding its lack of standardization, PCR has been found to be more sensitive and more specific than other methods. In this report, we aimed to review current knowledge about the available diagnostic methods and tests that accurately diagnose pertussis.
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PMID:The diagnosis of pertussis: which method to choose? 2210 49

Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is the etiologic agent of pertussis or whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease occurring primarily in infants and young children. Although vaccine preventable, pertussis cases have increased over the years leading researchers to re-evaluate vaccine control strategies. Since bacterial outer membrane proteins, comprising the surfaceome, often play roles in pathogenesis and antibody-mediated immunity, three recent Bp circulating isolates were examined using proteomics to identify any potential changes in surface protein expression. Fractions enriched for outer membrane proteins were digested with trypsin and the peptides analyzed by nano liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS), followed by database analysis to elucidate the surfaceomes of our three Bp isolates. Furthermore, a less labor intensive non-gel based antibody affinity capture technology in conjunction with MS was employed to assess each Bp strains' immunogenic outer membrane proteins. This novel technique is generally applicable allowing for the identification of immunogenic surface expressed proteins on pertussis and other pathogenic bacteria.
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PMID:A gel-free proteomic-based method for the characterization of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates. 2253 21

Many of the fundamental concepts in studying infectious diseases are rooted in population ecology. We describe the importance of population ecology in exploring central issues in infectious disease research including identifying the drivers and dynamics of host-pathogen interactions and pathogen persistence, and evaluating the success of public health policies. The use of ecological concepts in infectious disease research is demonstrated with simple theoretical examples in addition to an analysis of case notification data of pertussis, a childhood respiratory disease, in Thailand as a case study. We stress that further integration of these fields will have significant impacts in infectious diseases research.
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PMID:The population ecology of infectious diseases: pertussis in Thailand as a case study. 2271 83

The Unexplained Respiratory Disease Outbreak (URDO) working group is a multidisciplinary team composed of approximately 40 scientists from across CDC with expertise in infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases. The URDO working group was formed in 2004 to streamline CDC response efforts to assist local, state, and international public health officials in investigations of unexplained respiratory disease outbreaks. This report summarizes URDO working group activities from March 2007 through September 2011. During that period, the URDO working group was notified of 57 investigations and facilitated consultations with subject matter experts (in all 57 investigations), laboratory testing at CDC (in 42 investigations), and on-site field investigation support (in eight investigations). Of these 57 investigations, 41 occurred domestically, and 16 occurred internationally. An etiology was identified in 29 (51%) investigations; among these, the most commonly implicated pathogens were noninfluenza respiratory viruses (41%), influenza viruses (17%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (14%), and Bordetella pertussis (14%). Notification occurred a median of 33 days after illness onset in the first case, which might have limited the ability to collect early laboratory specimens or epidemiologic data. Reducing delays in sample collection, epidemiologic investigations, and consultation with the URDO working group might increase the ability to identify etiologies and lead to more rapid control of these unexplained respiratory disease outbreaks.
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PMID:Unexplained Respiratory Disease Outbreak working group activities - worldwide, March 2007-September 2011. 2276 85

Pertussis ("whooping cough") is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Individuals at highest risk are infants and unvaccinated children; however, there have been recent increases in incidence among adolescent and young adult populations in the United States. During the surveillance period, there were 476 confirmed and 3,073 probable cases of pertussis among U.S. military members and other beneficiaries of the U.S. Military Health System. Among service members there were 77 and 13 confirmed cases in active and reserve component members, respectively. In comparison, infants and children aged 15 years and younger accounted for over half of all confirmed cases (n=244). Several spatiotemporal clusters of pertussis among military healthcare beneficiaries were associated with outbreaks in adjacent non-military communities, particularly in five states (California, Texas, Florida, Washington, and New York); one cluster occurred in a military community in Okinawa, Japan.
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PMID:Pertussis diagnoses among service members and other beneficiaries of the U.S. Military Health System, January 2005-June 2012. 2296 56


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