Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for the determination of the isotype and the specificity of Bordetella pertussis serum antibodies induced by natural infection and by vaccination. In a previous study (J. Med. Microbiol., 16, 417-426 (1984)) it was shown that the presence of pertussis serum IgA antibodies could be used as an indicator of infection: IgA antibodies were not induced by vaccination nor transported from the mother to the serum of the child. In the present study ELISA was used for the determination of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies. From the results obtained with sera from suspected pertussis cases, it was concluded that antibodies against FHA are hardly induced by infection, in contrast to anti-LPF (determined in a fetuin sandwich ELISA) and anti-LPS antibodies. In view of the lower standard deviation of the mean anti-LPF antibody titer these antibodies were studied more extensively. From a number of bacteriologically proved pertussis cases, it was shown that high levels of IgG anti-LPF antibodies were found before IgA antibodies could be detected. On the other hand, we had the impression that IgG antibodies declined more rapidly than IgA antibodies. One has, however, to take into account that IgG antibodies are transferred from mother to child. From assay of sera from infants prior to, during and two months after vaccination (ages of vaccination: 3, 4, 5 and 12 months) it was concluded that IgG anti-LPF antibodies were induced to a much lower level by DTP-polio vaccination (10 O.U. per dose) than by natural infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Improved serodiagnosis of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis by determination of IgG anti-LPF antibody levels. 287 20

On day 0, four groups of children (3 to 6 months old) randomly received IPV alone or IPV + pertussis, or IPV + DP, or IPV + DTP. At days 28 and 56, all the children received the same IPV + DTP vaccine. Polio neutralizing and diphtheria antibodies were determined at days 0, 28 and 56. No adjuvant and even some inhibitory effect of pertussis was observed at days 28 and 56 on mean polio antibody titers. These results are compared to those observed with diphtheria.
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PMID:Lack of adjuvant effect of the pertussis component on IPV DTP-polio vaccine in children. 288 19

A five-year serologic follow-up and a four-year monitoring of the polio and pertussis morbidity in an area immunized with a 2 + 1 dose schedule of a combined DTP-Po vaccine have shown that: the individual protection against polio measured by the presence of neutralizing antibody persists at a very adequate level five years after the first booster; after three years of a steady high proportion of children with pertussis antibody, a considerable drop is observed and in about 28% of individuals agglutinin levels of less than 1:20 were found five years after booster; the community protection against paralytic poliomyelitis and pertussis is satisfactory up to four years after the introduction of the program. Continuation of immunization with a 2 + 1 dose schedule at a maximal coverage and close seroepidemiologic surveillance are necessary in order to draw definite conclusions, because of the potentially strong impact of very dynamic ecological factors present in our geopolitical area upon the agent-host interrelationship.
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PMID:Use of a combined DTP-polio vaccine in a reduced schedule. 288 20

In most developing countries hepatitis B virus is endemic and prevention has to be carried out early in life and on a mass scale. In these regions, simultaneous administration of multiple antigens is normal practice. We have therefore, investigated the interaction of hepatitis B vaccine with DTP-Polio vaccine. Studies include the immune response post one and two injections to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, pertussis and hepatitis B surface antigen. The vaccines were given simultaneously or not at a 6 months interval. The immune response to HBsAg vaccine and DTP-Polio vaccine injected simultaneously was equal to the immune response observed after administration of vaccines alone. Moreover, no adverse reactions were noted. This trial also demonstrated that immunization with two doses of DTP-Polio vaccine, containing 30 Lf of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, at a 6 months interval is sufficient to obtain a very good immune response.
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PMID:Simultaneous administration of diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis/polio vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine in a simplified immunization programme. 288 21

A survey of Washington state pediatricians and allied health professionals showed that two thirds provide written information to parents on diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis; measles-mumps-rubella; and oral polio vaccines. Twenty-two percent of pediatricians provide written information on inactivated polio vaccine. Sixty-two percent of pediatricians who give immunizations require a parent's signature as evidence of having provided information or obtained consent.
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PMID:Pediatricians' immunization consent practices in Washington state. 288 65

We studied the interactions of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines used in the World Health Organization expanded programs of immunization. Three groups of Senegalese children were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (HB) alone, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-polio vaccine alone, or a combination of hepatitis B vaccine and DTP-polio vaccines simultaneously. The immune responses to HBsAg, tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and pertussis were measured after one and two vaccinations at 6-month intervals. The immune responses to the combination of HB vaccine and DTP-polio vaccines were similar to the immune responses observed after administration of each vaccine alone. In addition, no adverse reactions were noted. These experimental trials also demonstrated that with a DTP-polio vaccine containing 30Lf of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, two doses given at 6-month intervals are sufficient to provide a satisfactory immune response. In the case of pertussis and HB vaccines; however, a third dose is necessary.
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PMID:Simultaneous administration of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio and hepatitis B vaccines in a simplified immunization program: immune response to diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis, and hepatitis B surface antigen. 293 84

A study was conducted in the rural areas of Senegal to assess the immunogenic effect of 2 doses of hepatitis B vaccine with a 6-month interval followed by a booster dose after another month and to compare them with those obtained using 2 doses of a vaccine with a 2-month interval or 3 doses at 1-month intervals. The study population of infants received 3 injections of hepatitis B vaccine at 6-month intervals (T0, T6, and T12, respectively), with the 3rd dose as a booster. Other vaccines also were administered to subsets of children: BCG and diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis-polio (DTP-polio) at T0 and DTP-polio at T6 and T12. 664 infants received the 1st dose of hepatitis B vaccine, 409 the 2nd dose, and 177 the 3rd dose. Blood samples were taken at the time of each injection and in the case of 89 infants also 2 months after the last (booster) dose. Only 26.7% of the infants completed the entire series of injections. Only results from infants who were seronegative at T0 are presented, i.e., 281 infants at T6, 116 at T12, and 65 at T14. At T0 the mean age of the seronegative infants was 10.2 months and that of the seropositive infants with anti-HB antibodies was 7.4 months. The mean age of infants who were only anti-HBc-positive was 4.8 months and that of infants who were already HBsAg-positive at T0 was 14.3 months. The results were compared with those reported for 2 other groups of Senegalese infants: 72 seronegative infants who were immunized using a protocol of 2 doses of hepatitis B vaccine with a 2-month interval; and 111 seronegative infants immunized using 3 doses at 1-month intervals. Both groups also received a booster 12 months after the 1st dose. The anti-HBs response was determined 6 months after the T0 dose of hepatitis B vaccine for the 281 infants who were seronegative. 185 of these children (65.8%) exhibited anti-HB antibodies, but the geometric mean titre (GMT) was only 6.1 mlU/ml. The anti-HBs response of the 116 infants who received the 2nd dose of vaccine was determined when the 3rd (booster) injection was given (T12): 104 were positive for anti-HBs (89.7%), and the anti-HBs GMT was 83.7 mlU/ml. Assay of blood samples from 65 infants 2 months after the booster dose indicated that 62 (95.4%) had anti-HBs antibodies, the anti-HBs GMT reaching 348 mlU/ml. The study results establish that infants administered two 5-mcg doses of hepatitis B vaccine with a 6-month interval exhibit a seroconversion rate and antibody levels comparable to those produced using a protocol comprising 2 doses with a 2-month interval or 3 doses at 1-month intervals.
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PMID:Clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccine in a simplified immunization programme. 295 Oct 32

Oral and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines (OPV and IPV), were given to 160 children two months old, in a low income population at Rio de Janeiro. The vaccination was repeated 2 and 4 months later, always in association with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DPT) vaccine. Blood specimens were collected before vaccination at the time of the third dose of vaccine and later at the time of measles vaccination, when the children were nine months old. The serological response to two doses of IPV showed high titres of antibody in all but one child and 100% conversion after three doses. Although poliomyelitis has been controlled in Brazil by the use of OPV in large mass campaigns, the results obtained with IPV support the possibility of its use in the basic immunization schedule, providing lower costs could be achieved for the inactivated vaccine.
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PMID:Serological evaluation of poliomyelitis oral and inactivated vaccines in an urban low-income population at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 301 70

The immunogenic efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine of enhanced potency (IPV-E), containing 40, 8 and 32 D-antigen units of types 1, 2 and 3, respectively, was evaluated in tritypic seronegative infants. Eighty infants aged six to 45 weeks, with no antibody detectable at a 1 : 4 dilution, were given two doses of a quadruple vaccine containing diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine and IPV-E at intervals of four weeks (37 infants, group 1) or eight weeks (43 infants, group 2) between doses. All infants of group 2 responded with antibody to the three types of polioviruses. In group 1, all responded to types 1 and 3 antigens but only 36 responded to type 2. Antibody titres were higher in infants immunized at eight week than at four week intervals. Thus, two doses of IPV-E, especially when given eight weeks apart, are sufficient for primary immunization against poliomyelitis. If DPT vaccine of enhanced potency is combined with IPV-E, two doses of such a quadruple vaccine may be sufficient for primary immunization against four diseases; this possibility deserves evaluation.
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PMID:The antibody response of seronegative infants to inactivated poliovirus vaccine of enhanced potency. 302 57

In developing countries, where economic development is lacking and literacy rates are low, priority must be given to primary health care and to the establishmend of sustainable health care delivery systems. The World Health Organization's Expanded Program of Immunization was designed with the goal of immunizing all children against measles, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and diphtheria by 1990. A second function of the immunization program is to establish a health care delivery system. Today 50% of infants receive 3 doses of diptheria/pertussis/tetanus and polio vaccines, and 70% receive at least 1 dose. Measles kills 2 million children every year. The standard strain of attenuated vaccine is given at 9 months, and 1 dose protects 95% of children for life. Tetanus kills 800,000 infants every year. The vaccine must be refrigerated, and 2 doses are essential. Tuberculosis kills 2 million children under 5 every year. The attenuated BCG vaccine should be given at birth, and a single dose confers some protection. Diphtheria is most common among poor, urban children in termperate climates, and 3 doses of toxoid at monthly intervals are recommended. Poliomyelitis paralyzes 250,000 children a year. 4 doses of live attenuated Sabin vaccine are recommended. The vaccine is very sensitive to heat. Other vaccines in use or being developed include yellow fever, meningococcus, Japanese B encephalitis, rubella, hepatitis B, cholera, rotavirus, pneumonococcus, and Haemophilus influezae. 2 problems that confront the delivery of health services, including immunization, are lack of funds and lack of access to susceptible populations. Approaches to the lack of funds problem include fee for service, taxation, beter management of existing resources, reallocation of health resources, and increased funding from donor nations. Approaches to the problem of access include vaccination whenever children come into contact with a health facility for any reason, channeling by members of the community, involvement of traditional healers and birth attendants, outreach services, mass campaigns, pulse technics, and financial incentives.
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PMID:Vaccination strategies in developing countries. 305 59


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