Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new oral macrolide, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 33 children. TE-031 was effective in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. The pharmacokinetic availability of TE-031 granule and tablets was much better than the older macrolides; serum half-lives of TE-031 averaged 3.2 +/- 0.25 hours (for the granule preparation). No clinical adverse reaction was encountered, but cases of transient mild elevation of the serum GPT (2 cases) and eosinophilia (2 cases) were encountered. From these preliminary data, TE-031 seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic in children]. 252 41

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TE-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure. In the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on TE-031 in the field of pediatrics. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The antibacterial activity of TE-031 was investigated against 16 clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Campylobacter jejuni. TE-031 showed antibacterial activity comparable to erythromycin. The pattern of changes in TE-031 concentrations in the blood after administration was investigated. In subjects administered the granular preparation of TE-031, Cmax values were 0.64 micrograms/ml in 1 subject given a 5 mg/kg dosage, and 5.94 and 9.02 micrograms/ml in 2 subjects administered with 10 mg/kg. The tablet form of TE-031 was administered to 3 subjects at 5 mg/kg, and Cmax values were 2.09-3.92 micrograms/ml, while T 1/2 values were in a range of 2.9-3.8 hours. When drug concentrations in the urine were investigated, it was found that 6-hour recovery rates were 9.9% (dose: 5 mg/kg) and 53.4% (dose: 10 mg/kg) in the subjects administered the granular form, whereas recovery rates averaged 36.8% in the tablet-administered subjects. In the clinical trial, TE-031 was administered in 2-3 doses/day for 2-18 days. In cases given the granular form, dosages were 12-38 mg/kg/day, while tablets were administered at 12-29 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.8%, i.e., the drug was effective in 64 of 69 patients. TE-031 was ineffective in 1 case of otitis media, but efficacious in 10 of 10 (100%) cases of upper respiratory infection, 15 of 18 (83.3%) cases of bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 of 6 (83.3%) cases of pertussis, 13 of 13 (100%) cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 4 of 4 (100%) cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 16 of 16 (100%) cases of gastroenteritis (including 15 cases of Campylobacter gastroenteritis), and 1 (100%) case of impetigo. In bacteriological studies conducted on the patients, the overall elimination rate was 93.1%, i.e., bacterial elimination was obtained in 27 of 29 cases. TE-031 showed especially good bacteriological efficacy (100%) against C. jejuni and B. pertussis, which were eliminated from all of 15 and 2 cases examined, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in pediatrics]. 252 42

A clinical evaluation of clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, was made for its efficacy and safety in 30 patients with ages ranging from 8 month-old to 12 year- 2 month-old with mycoplasmal and bacterial infections. The obtained results are summarized below. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration of TE-031 at 10 mg/kg (granule) or 5.5 mg/kg (tablet) resulted in blood concentrations and urinary recovery rates higher than with other macrolides. 2. TE-031 was administered orally to 5 patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 21 patients with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with pertussis and 2 patients with enterocolitis at daily dosages ranging 11.1-31.6 mg/kg divided into 3. Clinical evaluations of these 30 patients were as follows; excellent: 19 patients, good: 11 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory data was found in any of these 30 patients. 4. MICs of TE-031 against 10 strains of bacteria isolated from 10 patients with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia were as follows. MICs against 3, 2 and 2 out of 7 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, 0.05 microgram/ml and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. MIC against a strain of Haemophilus influenzae was 3.13 micrograms/ml. MICs of 2 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.20 microgram/ml. 5. TE-031 is considered to be a new useful and safe antibiotic in pediatric patient with an excellent bactericidal capacity.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin in pediatric patients]. 252 47

A new macrolide antibiotic, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was studied for its clinical efficacy in the field of pediatrics. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from 2 months to 11 years old suffering from acute bronchitis in 5 cases, acute tonsillitis in 2 cases, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 2 cases, pertussis in 6 cases, scarlatina in 1 case and acute enteritis in 2 cases, a total of 18 cases. TE-031 was administered 19.7-43.5 mg/kg in daily doses and lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 19 days. As regards to its clinical efficacy, good or excellent results were obtained in all cases: excellent in 11 cases and good in 7 cases. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values obviously attributable to TE-031 were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of clarithromycin in the field of pediatrics]. 252 53

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) was given orally to 25 children with acute bacterial infections including 5 with bronchitis, 8 with pneumonia, 4 with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 2 with pertussis and 6 with Campylobacter enteritis. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in 22 patients with bacterial eradication of all 10 strains. No side effect was observed. From the above clinical results, it appears that TE-031 is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatrics with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical observations with clarithromycin in pediatrics]. 252 54

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic agent, was evaluated bacteriologically and clinically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. A summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. Absorption and excretion Pharmacokinetics of TE-031 was examined by single oral administration of 10% granules and 50 mg tablets at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between 10% granules and 50 mg tablets, and between administrations before and after meal. Peaks and half-life periods of blood level of TE-031 given once at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg (10% granules) before meal were 1.58, 4.37 and 3.79 micrograms/ml, and 2.53, 3.17 and 2.20 hours, respectively, and the urinary excretion in 6 hours after the administration were about 20-30%. 2. Antibacterial effects TE-031 was proved to have excellent antibacterial effect, i.e., inhibiting growth over 80% of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes at 0.10 micrograms/ml, Branhamella catarrhalis at 0.39 micrograms/ml, and Campylobacter jejuni at 0.78 micrograms/ml. Against Staphylococcus aureus, TE-031 showed very similar activity spectrum to EM, and EM resistant strains were also resistant to TE-031. 3. Clinical results A total of 764 cases was studied. Clinical effects of TE-031 were evaluated in 717 cases out of the 764, excluding drop-outs and cases which did not meet specified protocols. Clinically, efficacies of TE-031 were "excellent" in 265 cases and "good" in 161 cases out of 453 cases of Group A in which causal agents were identified, with an efficacy rate of 94.0%, and out of 264 cases of Group B in which pathogens were not detected, clinical effects of TE-031 were "excellent" in 115 cases and "good" in 124 cases, with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. In terms of clinical effects of TE-031 classified by diseases when Group A and B were combined, efficacy rates were 91.6% for upper respiratory tract infection (217/237), 90.0% for bacterial pneumonia (108/120), 97.4% for Mycoplasma pneumonia (111/114), 100% for Chlamydia pneumonia (4/4), 85.0% for pertussis (34/40), 100% for scarlet fever (16/16), 83.9% for skin and soft tissue infection (26/31), and 98.9% for Campylobacter enteritis (87/88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on clarithromycin in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Clarithromycin]. 252 59

Rokitamycin (RKM), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. It has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. Also activities (expressed in MICs) of antimicrobial agents were studied against clinically isolated 229 bacterial strains using an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Tested organisms included Streptococcus pyogenes (77 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (29), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), as Gram-positive cocci, and Haemophilus influenzae (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Bordetella pertussis (12), Salmonella sp. (4) and Campylobacter jejuni (103) as Gram-negative bacilli. Against stock strains of bacteria, MICs of 10 drugs (RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), midecamycin acetate (MOM), clindamycin (CLDM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), minocycline, ofloxacin (OFLX] were determined. Against isolates from patients who underwent treatment with RKM, MICs of only 4 drugs (RKM, EM, JM, MOM) were determined. Measurements were made on plasma and urinary concentrations of RKM and its urinary recovery rates after patients including 6 boys with ages between 5 years 1 month and 11 years 6 months were administered with RKM (dry syrup). Two groups of 6 boys were administered between meals with RKM at dose levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological effects of RKM were evaluated for 175 patients including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 3 tonsillitis, 32 pneumonia, 17 mycoplasmal pneumonia, 34 atypical pneumonia, 28 streptococcal infections, 29 Campylobacter enteritis, 4 Salmonella gastroenteritis, and 23 enteritis due to unknown organisms. Five drop-out cases were excluded from the evaluations. In the evaluable cases, an average dose level used was 31.8 mg/kg/day, with a daily dose divided into 3 to 4 administrations and with an average treatment duration of 9 days. Adverse reactions of RKM and its effects on laboratory test values were investigated in these patients including the drop out cases. Obtained results of these studies are summarized below. 1. The GA-test produced pH values indicating that amounts of gastric acid were mostly either normal or high in 42 of the 43 subjects tested (97.7%), and only one low acid case (2.3%) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 305 Jan 86

We studied the absorption and excretion as well as the clinical effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) dry syrup. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. When 3 pediatric patients were medicated orally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, its peak concentrations of 0.75 and 0.51 microgram/ml appeared in the blood in 30 minutes after administration in 2 patients, and of 0.21 microgram/ml in 1 hour in the other patient. At 4 hours after administration, its concentration in the blood was 0.07-0.08 microgram/ml in all of the patient, and at 6 hours, it was undetectable. T1/2 values were 1.05-2.08 hours. First 6-hour urinary recovery rates of the drug in the first 2 patients were 1.52 and 1.11%, respectively. 2. Twenty-four patients with 25 diseases were medicated with 7.14-12.5 mg/kg of the drug 3-4 times daily for 4-10 days. The patients consisted of 12 with tonsillitis, 7 with bronchitis, 3 with colitis, one each with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, and pertussis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7, good in 13, and poor in 5, with an efficacy rate of 80.0%. Bacteriologically, of 17 isolates whose changes were followed, 8 were eradicated, 1 decreased, and 8 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 47.1%. 3. No adverse reactions to the drug were observed in any of these patients, while abnormal laboratory test values observed were slight eosinophilia and also slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in one of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 63

Clinical efficacies of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), were studied in acute pediatric infections. Responses to the RKM administration were evaluable in 62 out of 68 patients consisted of 7 patients with pharyngitis (efficacy rate of 85.7%, 6/7 patients), 4 with bronchitis (25.0%, 1/4), 9 with tonsillitis (100%, 9/9), 13 with mycoplasmal pneumonia (100%, 13/13), 13 with hemolytic streptococcal infections (92.3%, 12/13), 14 with pneumonia (57.1%, 8/14), one with pertussis (100%, 1/1) and another with Chlamydia pneumonia (100%, 1/1) thus an overall efficacy rate of 82.3% was achieved. Urticaria was observed in one of the patients as an adverse reaction to the drug, while abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 3 patients, but none of such changes were severe. The drug, even when administered in combination with a theophylline preparation, exerted no effects on the serum concentration of the latter.
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PMID:[Clinical results of a rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections]. 322 32

Clinical trials of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic were carried out on 46 pediatric patients of 1 month to 11 years old with infections (acute pharyngitis 12, acute tonsillitis 1, acute bronchitis 14, asthmatic bronchitis 10, acute pneumonia 1, primary atypical pneumonia 2, Mycoplasma pneumonia 4 and pertussis 2). As a rule, MOM was given orally at a daily dose of 20 approximately 40 mg/kg divided into 3 times. The clinical results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 21, fair in 7 and poor in 13 and the efficacy rate was 56.5%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (diarrhea, exanthema, urticaria and eosinophilia, 1 patient respectively). MOM is easy to take and a useful antibiotic for treating patients with bacterial infections, in particular, respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 697 41


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