Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phenylbutazone, cyclophosphamide and prednacinolone acetonide, administered around the period of challenge reduced the exudate of pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. The results on the leukocytes of the exudate are different depending on the class of product studied. Phenylbutazone only slightly reduced the number of mononuclears cells. Both the immunosuppressive and the corticoid induced a clear decrease in the total leukocyte number. But, while prednacinolone effects were nearly equally distributed among mononuclears and polynuclears, cyclophosphamide was mainly active on mononuclears.
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PMID:Action of phenylbutazone, cyclophosphamide and prednacinolone on pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. 21 27

The authors describe the inhibiting action of mannitol after repeated administration of low subcutaneous doses in a number of experimental immunological models. For example, in the rat it produces a reduction of the secondary arthritis of Freund's adjuvant polyarthritis and also of the pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity. In the mouse it reduces the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red cells. Its action is also marked against ovalbumin-induced active skin anaphylaxis in the albino guinea-pig and on IgE synthesis in the rat. Moreover, after several injections it produces a reduction of carbon phagocytosis in the mouse. At the doses at which the effect appeared, no action could be found on various models of acute non-immune inflammation, diuresis, blood pressure, hematocrit and protein and plasma sodium levels.
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PMID:Action of mannitol in various immunological experimental models. 22 21

The authors studied various drugs with anti-inflammatory or antirheumatic properties on pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. The following compounds were studies according to various methods of treatment: indomethacin, phenylbutazone, cyclophosphamide, desonide, chloroquine, levamisole, D-penicillamine and sodium aurothiopropanol sulphonate. The action on the volume of pleural exudate and on cell events depended on the compounds and the conditions of treatment. Only gold salt produced no reduction in the pleural volume under all methods of treatment. All the compounds studied produced various degrees of significant modifications at the level of the cell events.
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PMID:Action of various drugs with anti-inflammatory or anti-rheumatic properties on pleurisy due to Bordetella pertussis hypersensitivity in the rat. 23 22

Activity of lysosomal enzymes, such as N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), was assayed in exudate on a rat model of Bordetella pertussis vaccine pleurisy. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substances (TBA.R) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were then monitored in the exudate on the acute phase response in this inflammatory model. Retention of the exudate in the pleural space increased rapidly after the challenge, and the exudate volume at 24 h reached about three times the volume at 6 h. The activity of SOD at 6 h was shown to be higher than that at 24 h after the challenge, thus showing negative correlations with TBA-R levels and exudate volume. The levels of TBA.R rapidly increased and reached maximum values at 24 h. It was concluded that the above three parameters correlated to the acute phase response in this inflammatory model.
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PMID:Participation of lipid peroxidation in rat pertussis vaccine pleurisy. III. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactant and lysosomal enzyme. 205 77

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) is a new oral cephem derivative drug in which carboxylic acid was esterified to the 4-position of CPDX (oxime type cephem antibiotic). CPDX-PR is hydrolyzed mainly with esterase in intestinal wall and CPDX exists as an active form in body fluid. While there are numerous study reports using CPDX-PR in tablet forms in Japan, the dry syrup formula for pediatric use was newly developed. The dry syrup of CPDX-PR was orally administered 20 minutes after meal to the 6 boys of ages from 8 years and 1 month to 10 years and 10 months, with doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 cases each. Serum concentrations and urinary concentrations and recovery rate of the drug were investigated. In addition to the above, the clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 105 cases consisting of children with ages ranging from 2 months to 11 years and 8 months, upon administering an average dose of 3.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times per day (96 cases of 3 times and 9 cases of 4 times). The 105 cases included 13 cases of pharyngitis, 21 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pleurisy, 13 cases of scarlet fever, 41 cases of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of posthitis and 3 cases of bacillary dysentery. Drug sensitivity test was performed for the following strains: (i) Strains retained by our department; 52 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 11 strains of Bordetella pertussis, and (ii) strains isolated from cases to which CPDX-PR was administered; 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 8 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Drug sensitivities of the strains retained by our department were tested with the inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cfu/ml for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), amoxicillin (AMPC), and methicillin (DMPPC), and those against strains separated from the cases to which CPDX-PR was administered were tested with the same inoculum sizes for R-3746, CCL, CEX, cefadroxil, ampicillin (ABPC), DMPPC and cloxacillin (MCIPC). Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 268 64

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of cefteram (CFTM) in which aminothiazol was also introduced into the 7 position of cephem nucleus, is a new oral cephem antibiotic. CFTM-PI was absorbed through the intestines and hydrolyzed to CFTM by esterases in the intestinal wall and existed in the body fluids as CFTM. A tablet form of this drug has been released in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. We have determined MICs of 5 drugs (CFTM, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), erythromycin (EM], against stock strains and MICs of 6 drugs (CFTM, CEX, CCL, ABPC, methicillin, cloxacillin) against fresh strains from patients received to CFTM-PI, with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. A total of 149 strains included Gram-positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (11), Streptococcus pyogenes (85), Streptococcus agalactiae (16) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), and Gram-negative rods i.e. Haemophilus influenzae (11), Bordetella pertussis (11), Escherichia coli (9), Proteus mirabilis (1) and Morganella morganii (1). The granular form of CFTM-PI was administered to 9 boys (age: 8 years 3 months approximately 10 years 10 months) to determine serum and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery rates using bioassay. Doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg were given orally 30 minutes after meal to 3 boys, respectively. Urinary concentrations and its urinary recovery rates of T-2525A, a main metabolite of CFTM, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 3.3 mg/kg divided 3-4 times a day (3 times: 133 cases, 4 times: 9 cases) was administered for 8 days on the average to a total of 142 cases with pharyngitis (22), tonsillitis (12), acute bronchitis (3), pneumonia (11), pleurisy (1), scarlet fever (28), acute purulent otitis media (16), impetigo (13), abscess (2), purulent lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (33). Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. With regard to Gram-positive cocci, MICs of CFTM against 11 fresh strains of S. aureus ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml except for 1 strain, thus CFTM was equally effective to CEX, but less active than the other drugs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil granule in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 62

Traxanox was inactive against classic acute and subacute inflammation models such as carrageenin paw edema, UV erythema, 6-hr Evans blue-carrageenin (E-C) pleurisy and cotton pellet granuloma formation, and it failed to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 and a slow reacting substance from rat peritoneal leucocytes which phagocytize killed bacteria in vitro. On the other hand, traxanox inhibited the anaphylactoid reaction and decreased the pleural fluid in 24-hr E-C pleurisy. Traxanox (100 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed a tendency to suppress dextran edema and cotton pellet granuloma formation in adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. In experimental models of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), traxanox (100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the accumulation of the exudate and the leucocyte migration in B. pertussis-induced pleurisy in rats. Traxanox (50 mg/kg) did not show any effect on AA in Lewis rats when administered orally for 21 days after the adjuvant inoculation, but the combined administration of traxanox with hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or indomethacin (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in a synergistic inhibition of AA. When the administration of traxanox was started 21 days before the adjuvant inoculation, it inhibited AA in a dose-dependent manner (50-100 mg/kg, p.o.). On the other hand, traxanox (100 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced the concanavalin A-induced DTH-like skin reaction in guinea pigs. These results indicate that the mode of action of traxanox on inflammatory responses resembles that of D-penicillamine or levamisole, so that it may prove to be clinically effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:[Effect of traxanox sodium on inflammatory response]. 286 59

The action of phenylbutazone, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, desonide, a corticosteroid, and cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressant agent, was studied on four types of experimental pleurisy: carrageenan-pleurisy in rats; passive reversed Arthus pleurisy in rats; Bordetella pertussis-delayed hypersensitivity pleurisy in rats and PPD (purified protein derivative)--delayed hypersensitivity pleurisy in guinea-pigs. For each compound, the action on the exudate and on the number of the different categories of leucocytes in the inflammation focus was evaluated. In carrageenan-inflammation, phenylbutazone reduced the oedema and the number of neutrophils and macrophages. Its favourable effect on exudative events in Arthus--and B. pertussis--reactions was not accompanied by high modifications at the cellular level. With the exception of PPD-pleurisy, desonide reduced the three other reactions. Its action related to the exudate and the various leucocyte types, except in the Arthus reaction in which only the number of neutrophils was decreased. The effect of cyclophosphamide was mainly in B. pertussis pleurisy in which it resulted in a decrease of oedema and a reduction in the number of mononuclears. For each compound, correlations between the effect on exudative and cellular phenomena are discussed.
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PMID:Comparison of the effect of phenylbutazone, desonide and cyclophosphamide on four types of experimental pleurisy. 610 73

Lotifazole (F 1686) - 4-phenyl-2-(2',2',2-trichloroethoxycarboxamido) thiazole - has a range of anti-inflammatory activities in animals that differs from the activities of classic non-steroidal drugs. It reduces carrageenin-induced oedema in rats, UV-induced erythema in guinea pigs, and Arthus pleurisies in rats only at high doses. It does not affect Freund's-adjuvant polyarthritis, and it only slightly affects passive skin anaphylaxis in rats and anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs. Lotifazole does not greatly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. However, at low doses and after various conditions of treatment, F 1686 reduces PPD- and Bordetella- pertussis-induced delayed-hypersensitivity pleurisy in guinea pigs and rats, respectively, and contact hypersensitivity reactions to picryl chloride and oxazolone in mice. Its action on the two models of delayed-hypersensitivity pleurisy is reflected in a decrease of the pleural exudate and of the number of mononuclear cells in the focus of inflammation. At active doses, Lotifazole does not cause changes in the differential leukocyte count in normal animals. It appears, furthermore, to be a T-lymphocyte stimulant.
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PMID:Lotifazole (F 1686), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with an unusual pharmacological spectrum. 670 14

Zymosan and carrageenan represent two inflammatory stimuli leading to significant neutrophilia when injected into mice. Despite several similarities between the two proinflammatory agents, the mechanisms leading to neutrophil influx into the site of stimulus injection are unclear. As demonstrated by antibody (Ab) studies directed against adhesion molecules, L-selectin was pivotal for zymosan-induced but not carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Zymosan but not carrageenan injection into the pleural cavity caused blood neutrophilia and significant release of neutrophils from the bone marrow, events that were inhibited by anti-L-selectin but not anti-Mac-1 Ab pretreatment. Pertussis toxin, known to regulate cell efflux, abrogated both zymosan- and carrageenan-induced pleurisy, but only zymosan-induced neutrophil release from the bone marrow. Dexamethasone, known to inhibit pleurisy induced by either stimulus, had no effect on bone marrow neutrophil numbers. The G(i/o) G protein-coupled H4 histamine receptor is highly expressed in the bone marrow and on leukocytes and plays an important role in zymosan-induced pleurisy in vivo. Zymosan-triggered neutrophil release from bone marrow was abrogated by pretreatment of mice with thioperamide, a known H(3/4) receptor antagonist, whereas H1 and H2 receptor antagonists had no effect. Moreover, histamine itself, when injected intravenously, led to a similar time- and dose-dependent decrease of neutrophil numbers in the bone marrow that was inhibited by thioperamide. Because the H3 receptor is not expressed on neutrophils, these findings indicate that both H4 and L-selectin regulate zymosan-induced neutrophil release from bone marrow and subsequent infiltration in the pleurisy model.
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PMID:Critical role of L-selectin and histamine H4 receptor in zymosan-induced neutrophil recruitment from the bone marrow: comparison with carrageenan. 1499 47


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