Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody (A4.85) which reacted with Fe-regulated proteins of Neisseria meningitidis, was used to isolate a lambda gt11 clone from N. meningitidis FAM20. Chromosomal fragments flanking the fragment expressing the A4.85 epitope were cloned, and their DNA sequences revealed a 3,345-bp open reading frame predicting a 122-kDa protein. This gene was named frpA (Fe-regulated protein). A computer similarity search of GenBank revealed high levels of similarity to members of the RTX family of cytotoxins, especially in a region of tandem 9-amino-acid repeats. These repeats are found in all members of the RTX family; similar repeats were present 13 times in the predicted FrpA protein. Antigenic relatedness between the meningococcal proteins and the RTX proteins was demonstrated by the reactivity of A4.85 with Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) and Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (CyaA). Similarly, FrpA was recognized by 9D4, a monoclonal antibody directed against B. pertussis CyaA. In addition to the frpA gene, a second gene (frpC) produced a larger RTX-related protein. The frpA and frpC loci were mutagenized in strain FAM20, resulting in the loss of RTX-related proteins. A 120-kDa protein was expressed from the reconstructed frpA gene in E. coli. The biological function of FrpA is unknown, but its similarity to other RTX toxins suggests that it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of meningococcal infection.
 ...
PMID:Neisseria meningitidis produces iron-regulated proteins related to the RTX family of exoproteins. 842 53

In 2000, there were 89,740 notifications of communicable diseases in Australia collected by the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). The number of notifications in 2000 was an increase of 5.9 per cent over those reported in 1999 (84,743) and the largest reporting year since the NNDSS commenced in 1991. Notifications in 2000 consisted of 28,341 bloodborne infections (32% of total), 24,319 sexually transmitted infections (27%), 21,303 gastrointestinal infections (24%), 6,617 vaccine preventable infections (7%), 6,069 vectorborne infections (7%), 2,121 other bacterial infections (legionellosis, meningococcal infection, leprosy and tuberculosis) (2%), 969 zoonotic infections (1%) and only one case of a quarantinable infection. Steep declines in some childhood vaccine preventable diseases such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps and rubella, continued in 2000. In contrast, notifications of pertussis and legionellosis increased sharply in the year. Notifications of bloodborne viral diseases (particularly hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and some sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, continue to increase in Australia. This report also summarises data on communicable diseases from other surveillance systems including the Laboratory Virology and Serology Surveillance Scheme (LabVISE) and sentinel general practitioner schemes. In addition this report comments on other important developments in communicable disease control in Australia in 2000.
 ...
PMID:Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2000. Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. 1220 70

A group B streptococcus vaccine for pregnant women would add to the currently available vaccines given during pregnancy to protect mothers and their infants against serious and potentially lethal diseases, including tetanus, influenza, pertussis and meningococcal infection. Implementation of the administration of these high priority vaccines during routine prenatal care would result in a maternal immunization program with the potential to have a positive impact in public health globally, by reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
...
PMID:Group B Streptococcus vaccination in pregnancy: moving toward a global maternal immunization program. 2317 76

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing illness after potential or documented exposure to a variety of microbial pathogens and in reducing the risk of secondary spread of infection. Guidelines have been published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for proper use of PEP for bloodborne pathogens, for microorganisms transmitted by either airborne or droplet spread or through direct contact, and for infections acquired after traumatic injuries. Depending on the type of exposure, different forms of PEP are available, including vaccines, immune globulins, antibiotics, and antiviral medications. Physicians should assess a patient's potential need for PEP based on several factors, including the type of exposure, the timing and severity of illness in the source patient, the exposed person's susceptibility to infectious diseases of concern, and the relative risks and benefits of the PEP regimen in an individual situation. Immunity to certain infectious diseases can be ensured with prior infection or vaccination, and by serologic testing in patients with a negative or uncertain history. PEP should be given to persons exposed to index cases of pertussis and invasive meningococcal infection regardless of immunization history, and should be given following rabies and tetanus exposure regardless of the length of delay. In general, PEP should be given as soon as possible following a high-risk exposure. Persons exposed to bloodborne pathogens should have baseline testing for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus antibodies, and follow-up testing at six weeks, three months, and six months postexposure.
...
PMID:Postexposure prophylaxis for common infectious diseases. 2393 3

In recent years, the application of vaccines shows limitations, including the high number of vaccine administrations and the fear of safety and effectiveness. In this regard, advanced vaccine products have been developed, like the combined vaccines, or are under development, such as nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and RNA), polymer-based vaccines, etc. Moreover, the possible use of traditional, like aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate, or innovative adjuvants, like monophosphoryl lipid A, polysaccharides and nanoparticulate system, may further increase vaccine effectiveness. This review article focuses on the combined vaccines, which, especially when they are associated with adjuvants, reduce the dosing frequency, and prolong the duration of action, thus providing better vaccine coverage. Marketed preparations, like Typhim Vi, Peda typh and Boostrix showed better vaccine coverage for diseases like typhoid, tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis. The future aspect for the development of combined vaccines will protect not only against infectious diseases but likely even against various infectious conditions, like pneumonia, meningococcal infection and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
 ...
PMID:Combined vaccines for prophylaxis of infectious conditions. 3082 68