Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results obtained and the laboratory methods used for the isolation of viruses and bacteria from Malaysian children with acute respiratory illnesses seen in a private clinic are described. Of the 65 children studied virus isolations were obtained from 26 children, bacteria from 10 and both virus and bacteria from another 5. The agents isolated were influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus pyogenes.
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PMID:Viruses and bacteria associated with acute respiratory illnesses in young children in general practice. 3 Jan 73

The extent of suppression of antibody response by bursectomy (Bx) was examined as a measure of the seeding sequence of different clones from the bursa to peripheral lymphoid tissues. Chickens were bursectomized surgically 1, 4 or 7 days after hatching and immunized later with four antigens: sheep red blood cells (SRBC); Bordetella pertussis (Bp); human serum albumin (HSA); influenza virus (IV). The kinetics of the antibody responses were delayed in bursectomized birds when compared with the control groups. The following order in the degree of immunosuppression was established: Bp greater than HSA greater than SRBC greater than IV. This is discussed in relation to the 'sequential maturation' theory of ontogenesis of immunocyte differentiation. The data also stress the limitation of non-specific markers for assessing partial immunodeficiency states.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency in the chicken. I. Disparity in suppression of antibody responses to various antigens following surgical bursectomy. 16 36

Various workers, including T. D. Stewart, claim that the aboriginal Americas were relatively disease-free because of the bering Strait cold-screen, eliminating many pathogens, and the paucity of zoonotic infections because of few domestic animals. Evidence of varying validity suggests that precontact Americns had their own strains of treponemic infections, bacillary and amoebic dysenteries, influenza and viral penumonia and other respiratory diseases, salmonellosis and perhaps other food poisoning, various arthritides, some endoparasites such as the ascarids, and several geographically circumscribed diseases such as the rickettsial verruca (Carrion's disease) and New World leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Questionably aboriginal are tuberculosis and typhus. Accordingly, virtually all the "crowd-type" ecopathogenic diseases such as smallpox, yellow fever, typhoid, malaria, measles, pertussis, polio, etc., appear to have been absent from the New World, and were only brought in by White conquerors and their Black slaves. My hypothesis is that native American medical care systems--especially in the more culturally advanced areas--were sufficiently sophisticated to deal with native disease entities with reasonable competence. But native medical systems could not cope with the "crowd-type" disease imports that struck Indian and Eskimos as "virgin-field" populations. Reanalysis of native population losses through a genocidal combination of diease, war, slavery and attendant cultural disruption by Dobyns, Cook and others strongly suggest that traditiona estimates underplayed the death toll by a factor of the general order of ten. This would make for an immediately pre-contact Indian population of some 90-111 million instead of the tradition 8-11 million. Evidence is growing that Indians may have been no more susceptible to new pathogens that are other "virgin soil" populations, and thus their immune systems need not be considered less effective than those in other people. Present-day high mortality rates in Indians of both continents from infectious disease imports may be more socioeconomic than anything else.
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PMID:Aboriginal new world epidemiolgy and medical care, and the impact of Old World disease imports. 79 20

The effect, hazards and risk of vaccinations may be calculated by means of special formulas which determine the value for N, Q and D. The formula for N considers the question whether a vaccination is effective, necessary and valuable and may be recommended on epidemiological grounds. Q considers the individual risk (i. e. relation between total risk of unvaccinated and vaccinated persons) and D the yearly difference in risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated members of a community. If p stands for protection rate of a vaccination, t = time for which the vaccination effect is lasting, R = complications of disease under study in a community in which vaccinations against this disease are not in use and r = comparable complications of vaccination, the following formulas are applicable: (see article) A vaccination may be recommended if N and Q greater than 1 and the value for D is positiv. Application of these formulas to special vaccinations lead to the following conclusions: In case of BCG, measles and poliomyelitis (oral vaccination) the above mentioned values exceed at least 10(1)-10(2) (N), 4-5 (Q) or are highly positiv (D). These vaccinations-if performed correctly-are considered valuable and highly recommendable. Vaccination against pertussis is not recommendable beyond the second year of life. According to the present epidemiologic situation in Austria this vaccination is still rectified in children under 2 years. However, values for N, Q and D are near border-line and should be yearly evaluated. Smallpox vaccination in Europe is still recommendable. Similarly, continuous reevaluations are necessary due to low values of N, Q and D. On the other hand, vaccination against tetanus is available and vaccination against influenza may be recommended.
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PMID:[Mathematical methods to judge the efficiency of protective vaccinations (author's transl)]. 118 94

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes both activation and deactivation of the human neutrophil, which may, respectively, contribute to host defense against the virus and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial superinfection. We have shown that certain features of neutrophil activation by IAV are distinctive compared with activation by chemoattractants in terms of both the stoichiometry of the respiratory burst response and the signal transduction events that precede it. We here demonstrate that related myxoviruses as well as sialic acid-binding lectins elicit a respiratory burst response similar to that induced by IAV, in which hydrogen peroxide is formed with minimal accompanying superoxide generation. Brief preincubation of neutrophils with these agents fully inhibits subsequent activation by IAV, implying that they are binding to the same surface membrane components as IAV. Preincubation with Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA) does, in fact, substantially reduce binding of radiolabeled IAV to the neutrophil. This lectin, like IAV, both activates and deactivates the neutrophil. As in the case of IAV, LFA-induced activation (1) is mediated via stimulation of phospholipase C, (2) is pertussis toxin insensitive, and (3) entails a lesser contribution of calcium influx than is the case for chemoattractants.
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PMID:Anomalous features of human neutrophil activation by influenza A virus are shared by related viruses and sialic acid-binding lectins. 131 44

In tropical countries, concomitant infections are a continuous problem. In the Rufiji Delta, an area of Tanzania that is holoendemic for malaria, there were outbreaks of influenza A, measles, and pertussis in 1986 and 1987. Significantly lower parasitic prevalences and mean densities of malaria parasites were found in children up to nine years of age who had measles or influenza than in asymptomatic control children. In contrast, children with pertussis had a higher prevalence and mean density than controls. The clinical courses of measles, influenza, or pertussis infections did not appear to be significantly affected by concomitant malaria infections. The reasons for the suppression of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia during these viral infections are unclear. This effect could not be explained by the presence of fever.
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PMID:Suppression of Plasmodium falciparum infections during concomitant measles or influenza but not during pertussis. 144 8

During the 1970s and the early 1980s, immunization practices in the United States were unchanged. Immunization against pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, and polio were routinely administered to children. Infections with these organisms declined dramatically. Nonetheless, research was vigorous, culminating in the 1980s in new vaccines and changes in immunization strategies and practices. This presentation will focus on these changes: universal hepatitis B immunization; two-dose schedule for the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, Hemophilus influenza type B vaccine for infants, acellular pertussis vaccine as booster immunizations, the inactivated polio vaccine, and the yet-to-be-licensed live varicella vaccine.
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PMID:Immunization update. 149 Jun 20

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

On June 13, 1991, President George Bush announced in a White House ceremony a local planning effort to break down barriers and provide better access to immunization in six representative localities "to solve the problem of late immunization." (children need to be immunized appropriately by their second birthday, not just in time for school.). The community "Immunization Action Plans" (IAP) are one of several Federal, State, and local responses to an outbreak of measles that produced 27,600 cases and 89 deaths in 1990. The community effort and subsequent early childhood immunization plans around the country are also part of a much broader effort initiated by Secretary Sullivan as a Healthy People Year 2000 goal to increase immunization levels to at least 90 percent for the nation's children by their second birthday. These efforts also respond to 13 recommendations for improving immunization availability made by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee in January 1991. The recommendations focused on improvements in the management of immunization delivery and in methods for measuring immunization status, increasing appropriate consumer demand, and other prevention needs. Although measles prompted the action, the immunization initiative is aimed also at eight other communicable childhood diseases--diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or whooping cough, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubella, and Haemophilus influenza type b that causes bacterial meningitis, and hepatitis B. Details are described of the immunization action plans developed by Dallas, TX; Maricopa County (Phoenix), AZ; South Dakota; Detroit, MI; San Diego, CA; and Philadelphia, PA, to ensure that children are fully immunized not just by the time they enter school but by age 2 years. The six were chosen by the Centers for Disease Control as representative of many without adequate childhood immunization coverage.
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PMID:Six areas lead national early immunization drive. 159 33

New vaccine developments will reflect achievements of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), as well as resistance from the public toward increasing numbers of vaccines. WHO's EPI program has concentrated on tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and measles. 35 countries are attempting to control hepatitis B with universal vaccination. Now some countries are also recommending vaccination against Haemophilus influenza, mumps, and rubella. The complexity of multiple injections has prompted new research on acellular vaccines for pertussis, hepatitis A and B, varicella, and malaria. Combined vaccines and new adjuvants are also targets of intense research. Vaccines are a priority, because they are among the most cost-effective of medical interventions.
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PMID:New developments in vaccinology. 163 65


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