Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the frequency of unrecognized Bordetella pertussis infections in adults, we performed IgA and IgG ELISA antibody studies with four B. pertussis antigens--i.e., lymphocytosis-promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae-2--in 51 health care workers from whom six consecutive yearly serum samples (from 1984 to 1989) were available. Overall, 90% of the subjects had a significant increase in antibody (IgA or IgG) to one or more antigens between 2 consecutive years during the 5-year study period; 55% of subjects had evidence of two infections, 17% had three infections, and 4% had four infections. Infections occurred in all study years, with the following rates: 1984-1985, 32%; 1985-1986, 24%; 1986-1987, 40%; 1987-1988, 29%; and 1988-1989, 43% (P = .12). Some antibody rises may have been due to responses to cross-reacting antigens (Bordetella parapertussis, nontypable Haemophilus influenzae), but overall these data suggest that B. pertussis infections in adults are common, endemic, and usually unrecognized.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of unrecognized Bordetella pertussis infections in adults. 852 57

Household contacts of primary pertussis cases were evaluated. Infection was determined by culture, direct fluorescent antibody assay, and serological criteria. Agglutinin titers and values of ELISA IgG and IgA antibodies to lymphocytosis-promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin were determined. In 39 households 255 subjects were exposed; 114 remained well (group 1), 53 had mild illness (group 2), and 88 had pertussis (group 3). The infection rates were 46% (group 1), 43% (group 2), and 80% (group 3). In a subgroup of subjects seen within 14-28 days of exposure, it was found that none with clinical pertussis had a value of IgG antibody to pertactin in acute-phase sera of > or = 50 ELISA units (EU) per mL or an agglutinin titer of > 256. Of the primary cases, 53% were > or = 13 years of age. These data point out the importance of Bordetella pertussis infections in adolescents and adults as a source of infection in young children. Our subgroup data suggest that high values of antibody to pertactin and high agglutinin titers may be predictive of protection against clinical pertussis.
 ...
PMID:Household contact study of Bordetella pertussis infections. 858 45

Respiratory infections, especially community-acquired forms of pneumonia (CAP), are challenging for clinicians because (1) a causative microorganism can only be found in about 50% of cases; (2) initial therapy, therefore, must be based on a probable or most likely etiology in the context of the patient's overall medical condition; and (3) new microbes or those considered previously as normal flora or less virulent forms seem responsible for some cases. It is important to be acquainted with new causes of infection which include Legionella species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, diphtheroids in certain instances (Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum), and viruses such as the Hanta strains. Infections with Bordetella pertussis are increasing. However, the ever present and most common cause of CAP, Streptococcus pneumoniae, continues to present problems because of increasing antibiotic resistance, the high case fatality rate when bacteremia accompanies pneumonia, and the inability to give prophylactic immunization to all people with risk factors for this infection.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory infections: community-acquired pneumonia and newer microbes. 879 Dec 58

Infection with Bordetella pertussis continues to result in widespread morbidity and mortality. Although whole cell pertussis vaccines are effective in controlling pertussis, concerns relating to adverse effects following vaccination have led to the development of a new generation of pertussis vaccines. Acellular pertussis vaccines have decreased endotoxin content and are less reactogenic than whole cell vaccines. The composition of acellular pertussis vaccines varies, resulting in differing immunogenicity. Recent studies have demonstrated that these vaccines, in general, have an efficacy similar to that of whole cell vaccines. The development of acellular pertussis vaccines is an advance that should result in less discomfort from vaccination and the potential for increased vaccine usage, resulting in the possible elimination of this disease.
 ...
PMID:An overview of the status of acellular pertussis vaccines in practice. 925 78

To evaluate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (HbOC) and of a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) when injected simultaneously into either contralateral arms or into contralateral thighs, 110 infants were enrolled to receive three doses of DTaP at 3, 4, and 5 months and two HbOC doses at 3 and 5 months of age. Administration of either of the two vaccines into arms was associated with significantly more local side effects than administration into thighs. There was no difference in geometric mean concentration (GMC) values for any of the four vaccine antigens between subjects who had been vaccinated into arms or thighs. After immunization, all children had protective antibody titers to diphtheria toxin. While post vaccination the mean anti-tetanus toxoid GMC was > or = 1.25 IU/ml, there was no significant rise as compared to the GMC before vaccination. GMCs of antibodies against the various pertussis antigens were similar to those observed before with the same DTaP vaccine. The simultaneous administration of DTaP and HbOC was safe and immunogenic irrespective of the site of vaccine administration, but significantly more local reactions occurred when vaccines were injected into arms.
Infection
PMID:Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of HbOC vaccine administered simultaneously with acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) into either arms or thighs of infants. 933 65

Using a mouse model of Bordetella pertussis infection, we have analyzed the role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in bacterial clearance from the respiratory tract. Adult BALB/c mice began to clear a respiratory infection within 3 weeks postinfection, with complete resolution of infection 6 to 8 weeks postinfection. In contrast, neither adult SCID mice (which lack mature B and T lymphocytes) nor adult nude mice (which lack mature T lymphocytes) controlled B. pertussis infection, and both strains died within 3 to 5 weeks postinfection. Short-term T-cell lines generated from the draining lymph nodes of the lungs of infected BALB/c mice were found to be CD4+ and produced IFN-gamma but no detectable interleukin-4. Analyses of IFN-gamma mRNA induction in the lungs of mice following B. pertussis infection showed that in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, IFN-gamma mRNA levels increased sharply by 1 week postinfection and then subsequently declined. Further exploration of a potential role for IFN-gamma demonstrated that infection of adult BALB/c mice depleted of IFN-gamma in vivo with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies resulted in greater numbers of bacteria recovered from the lungs than in infected, control BALB/c mice, although IFN-gamma-depleted mice could subsequently clear the infection. Infection of mice which have a disrupted IFN-gamma gene resulted in bacterial clearance with a time course similar to those seen with IFN-gamma-depleted mice. These results indicate that IFN-gamma plays a role in controlling B. pertussis infection.
 ...
PMID:Role of gamma interferon in natural clearance of Bordetella pertussis infection. 939 74

The Argentine vaccination schedule against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) recommends three doses of DTP vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, two boosters at 18 months and 6 years, a booster dose of tetanus vaccine every 10 years and two doses during pregnancy. To evaluate the effect of this schedule, antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were determined by ELISA in serum samples from children (1 month to 6 years) who received different doses of DPT vaccine: 0 dose (n = 50), 1 dose (n = 25), 2 doses (n = 25), 3 doses (n = 55), first and second booster (n = 25); 25 pregnant women and their offspring, and 45 adults. High antibody levels against PT (> 140 EU/ml) and FHA (> 80 EU/ml) were recorded in mothers and in the newborn. Antibody titers against PT increased with the number of doses given and decreased with time. Full protection against tetanus (titers > 0.1 IU/ml) was observed in the group of adults (0.37 IU/ml), in mothers (4.4 IU/ml) and their newborn offspring (5.5 IU/ml), and in children after receiving the second dose of DTP vaccine (1.86 IU/ml). The immune status for diphtheria was far lower, as most of the groups lacked adequate protection. After the third dose of DTP vaccine, only 78% of the children had antibody titers above the protective level (0.1 IU/ml). Since antibody levels considered to provide full protection were only achieved after the first booster dose of DTP vaccine, the primary three-dose schedule seems to be insufficient to confer adequate immunity in all vaccinees. Because of the high proportion of non-protected adults, a booster dose of Td vaccine should be considered for this group.
Infection
PMID:Serum antibodies to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine components in Argentine children. 942 51

Between 1 November 1993 and 31 October 1996, admissions to paediatric departments for Bordetella pertussis complications were reported to a nationwide, hospital-based active surveillance system. The case definition included pertussis complicated by pneumonia, apnoea requiring assisted ventilation, seizures, encephalopathy or a combination of these. Two hundred sixteen cases of pertussis complications were registered. 57.4% of them were in infants, 50.9% of them less than 6 months old. There were five deaths, three previously healthy children died. At the time of hospital admission, 106 cases would have been eligible for at least three doses of pertussis vaccine, only four (3.8%) had received the recommended number of immunisations. From the second quarter of 1995, the reported number of cases declined. The decrease coincides with an improvement of pertussis vaccination coverage between 1992 and 1995 due to an increased use of acellular vaccines. The reduction of complicated pertussis was observed even in age-groups too young for the recommended vaccinations. The observed decrease could be due to the increase in vaccination coverage with interruption of the chain of transmission to the younger age-groups, to a cyclic decrease in pertussis cases, or to a combination of both. Continued surveillance will provide information on the epidemiological trend of hospitalisations for pertussis complications in the first European country to have introduced vaccination with acellular vaccines on a large scale.
Infection
PMID:Pertussis complications in Germany--3 years of hospital-based surveillance during the introduction of acellular vaccines. 971 80

D2L dopamine receptor activation results in rapid inhibition and delayed heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase in several host cell types. The D2L dopamine receptor was stably transfected into NS20Y neuroblastoma cells to examine inhibition and sensitization in a neuronal cell environment and to identify the particular G-proteins involved. Acute activation of D2L receptors with the selective D2 agonist quinpirole inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, whereas prolonged incubation (2 hr) with quinpirole resulted in heterologous sensitization (more than twofold) of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in NS20Y-D2L cells. To unambiguously identify the pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G-proteins responsible for inhibition and sensitization, we used viral-mediated gene delivery to assess the ability of genetically engineered PTX-resistant G-proteins (Galphai1*, Galphai2*, Galphai3*, and Galphao*) to rescue both responses after PTX treatment. The expression and function of individual recombinant G-proteins was confirmed with Western blotting and inhibition of GTPgammaS-stimulated adenylate cyclase, respectively. To assess the specificity of D2L-Galpha coupling, cells were infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinants expressing individual PTX-resistant G-protein alpha subunits and treated with PTX, and quinpirole-induced responses were measured. Infection of NS20Y-D2L cells with HSV-Galphao* rescued both inhibition and sensitization in PTX-treated cells, whereas infection with HSV-Galphai1*, HSV-Galphai2*, or HSV-Galphai3* failed to rescue either response. In summary, the current study provides strong evidence that the D2L dopamine receptor couples to Galphao in neuronal cells, and that this coupling is responsible for both the acute and subacute effects of D2 receptor activation on adenylate cyclase activity.
 ...
PMID:Selective activation of Galphao by D2L dopamine receptors in NS20Y neuroblastoma cells. 978 76

The exoenzyme S regulon is a set of coordinately regulated virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proteins encoded by the regulon include a type III secretion and translocation apparatus, regulators of gene expression, and effector proteins. The effector proteins include two enzymes with ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (ExoS and ExoT) and an acute cytotoxin (ExoU). In this study, we identified ExoY as a fourth effector protein of the regulon. ExoY is homologous to the extracellular adenylate cyclases of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) and Bacillus anthracis (EF). The homology among the three adenylate cyclases is limited to two short regions, one of which possesses an ATP-binding motif. In assays for adenylate cyclase activity, recombinant ExoY (rExoY) catalyzed the formation of cAMP with a specific activity similar to the basal activity of CyaA. In contrast to CyaA and EF, rExoY activity was not stimulated or activated by calmodulin. A 500-fold stimulation of activity was detected following the addition of a cytosolic extract from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results indicate that a eukaryotic factor, distinct from calmodulin, enhances rExoY catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues within the putative active site of ExoY abolished adenylate cyclase activity. Infection of CHO cells with ExoY-producing strains of P. aeruginosa resulted in the intracellular accumulation of cAMP. cAMP accumulation within CHO cells depended on an intact type III translocation apparatus, demonstrating that ExoY is directly translocated into the eukaryotic cytosol.
 ...
PMID:ExoY, an adenylate cyclase secreted by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III system. 981 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>