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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bordetella pertussis organisms induce histamine sensitivity and diminish the normal hyperglycemic response to epinephrine in experimental animals. These effects have been attributed to beta-adrenergic blockade. However, under conditions in which the decrease in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia after B. pertussis administration was demonstrable, there was no change in rat reticulocyte beta-adrenergic receptor number or affinity measured by iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding or in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Therefore, there was no generalized beta-adrenergic blockade induced by B. pertussis. The observed effects can be explained by the hypersecretion of insulin resulting from B. pertussis administration.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis does not induce beta-adrenergic blockade. 3 38

1. Epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia was attenuated by the treatment of rats with pertussis vaccine, but this attenuation was abolished when endogenous insulin was suppressed by streptozotocin or anti-insulin serum. It was concluded that epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia was counterbalanced by the hypoglycemic action of insulin, the secretion of which was markedly potentiated in pertussis-sensitized rats. 2. Without epinephrine, no hypoglycemia developed in pertussis-sensitized rats despite the higher blood level of insulin. Tracer experiments with [14C,3H] glucose or [14C]bicarbaonate showed that, in pertussis-sensitized rats, more glucose was liberated into the blood from hepatic gluconeogenesis at the expense of hepatic glycogenesis, thereby accelerating the turnover of blood glucose. 3. Since this activation of hepatic glucose production was reduced by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, it is very likely that adrenergic beta-stimulation is, at least partly, responsible for the metabolic alterations observed in pertussis-sensitized rats.
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PMID:Accelerated turnover of blood glucose in pertussis-sensitized rats due to combined actions of endogenous insulin and adrenergic beta-stimulation. 12 60

The leukocytosis and lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis has been isolated in apparently pure form. LPF is a protein essentially free of lipid and carbohydrate with an estimated molecular weight of 67,000-73,600 daltons. Purified LPF induced both histamine sensitization and refractoriness to epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia and was a murine thymus-derived (T-) cell mitogen. Adenyl cyclase activity also appeared to be associated with LPF.
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PMID:Lymphocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis: isolation, characterization, and biological activity. 19 75

The biological activities were studied of a new protein, islets-activating protein (IAP), purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. Rats injected intravenously with 1 microgram of purified IAP exhibited markedly enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, and sulfonylureas over a period from 3 to 10 days after the injection. The degree and duration of the enhancement were proportional to the dose of IAP; the maximal effect induced by 1-2 microgram of IAP persisted for as long as 2 months. There was a highly significant correlation between the enhancement of insulin secretion and suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia over a wide range of doses of IAP, indicating that suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia resulted from hypoglycemic action of insulin secreted in response to epinephrine challenge. Additional actions of IAP were observed in mice; mice treated with higher doses of IAP showed symptoms were observed when lower doses of IAP were injected into mice. Thus, it is concluded that IAP is a protein primarily possessing a unique action to potentiate insulin secretory responses of experimental animals to nutritional and hormonal stimuli.
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PMID:Biological properties of islets-activating protein (IAP) purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. 20 75

Based on the finding reported in the preceding paper (Kanbayashi, et al.: J. Biochem) that subunits of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein purified from the culture media of Bordetella pertussis, were inactive as such, but regained the original biological activities when recombined, the conditions required for recovery of the biological activities were studied. Essentially the same biological activities as the native IAP were recovered when the smallest subunit, F-3, was incubated with one of the other subunits, F-1 and F-2, at a pH of around 7, at temperatures below 30 degrees C and for longer than 12 h. During the incubation, association products were formed which were isolated by gel filtration as homogenous proteins that consisted of two subunits probably in a molar ratio of 1 : 1. The native IAP (consisting of two IAP subunits including F-3) were equipotent in enhancing insulin secretory responses, in inhibiting epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia, in inducing leukocytosis and in increasing histamine sensitivity in experimental animals.
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PMID:Formation of biologically active protein from the subunits of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein isolated from Bordetella pertussis. 35 41

This study compared the responses of CFW and CFI mice to concanavalin A (con A) and the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis. There were marked similarities between these two agents with regard to systems implicated in induced histamine sensitivity. Con A, like HSF, induces the sensitivity in CFW but not in CFI mice. The sensitizing agents both require the same time for optimum sensitization, both induce cutaneous sensitivities to histamine, and the mice are protected from the induced susceptibility of both agents by epinephrine and by desensitization with serotonin. They differed in that con A did not induce the systemic susceptibility to serotonin or to combined histamine and serotonin which is produced by HSF. The major difference related to mechanisms of action was the failure of con A to induce a systemic beta-adrenergic blockade, the block of which is manifested in HSF-treated CFW and CFI mice by the inhibition of an epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. The resistance of beta-blocked CFI mice to histamine, and the susceptibility to histamine of the unblocked CFW mice sensitized with con A, is inconsistent with the theory that susceptibility results from a systemic adrenergic imbalance, but does not preclude a local adrenergic effect as the common element in histamine-sensitizing agents.
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PMID:Histamine hypersensitivity in mice induced by concanavalin A. 62 47

Somatostatin, an hyperglycemia-inducing hormone, was studied in rat insulinoma (RINm5F) cells using 86Rb+ efflux techniques. 86Rb+ efflux is stimulated by somatostatin in a dose-dependent manner. The half-maximum value of activation is 0.7 nM. Somatostatin-induced 86Rb+ efflux is abolished by the hypoglycemia-inducing sulfonylurea, glibenclamide, a known blocker of ATP-regulated K+ channels. Somatostatin activation is prevented by pretreatment of insulinoma cells with pertussis toxin. 86Rb+ efflux studies show that somatostatin activates an ATP-dependent K+ channel.
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PMID:Somatostatin activates glibenclamide-sensitive and ATP-regulated K+ channels in insulinoma cells via a G-protein. 290 89

Of 22 immunomodulatory substances screened 12 were effective in modulating the course of hyperglycemia following low dose streptozotocin treatment. In this animal model diabetes is induced by administration of low doses of streptozotocin (30-40 mg/kg) body weight to male C57BL/6J/Bom, C57BL/KsJ and C3H/He/Bom mice on 5 consecutive days. Conventional immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide) largely protected from diabetes development. Partial suppression of hyperglycemia was also seen after administration of B. pertussis, fetal tissue extracts, FTS, inosine pranobex, metronidazole and ADA 202-718. The majority of these substances, when applied with another regimen, and TP5 caused enhancement of diabetes. In conclusion, several substances with a therapeutic potential in experimental diabetes have been identified. Those with little risk of side-effects may deserve further analysis.
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PMID:Analysis of 22 immunomodulatory substances for efficacy in low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 331 52

Normally, the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a lower dose (60 mg/kg body weight) to young (45 days old) CD-1 male mice produces a sustained hyperglycemia with the concomitant development of hypoinsulinemia and immune insulitis in the pancreas, both of which lead to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). In an effort to abort the development of IDD, pertussis vaccine (PV) was administered either intraperitoneally (n = 12) or intravenously (n = 12) 3 days prior to STZ injection. In contrast to the control group (n = 12) which received only STZ resulting in the subsequent development of IDD after 16 weeks, none of the vaccinated group developed IDD. The complete protective effect was evidenced by normal insulin values, normoglycemia, the lack of the development of nucleic acid antibody and the absence of insulitis in the vaccinated animals. Under these experimental conditions, PV appeared to offer satisfactory protection of the beta cells of islets in pancreas against the inflammatory effect of STZ.
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PMID:Pertussis vaccine inhibits immune insulitis induced with streptozotocin. 621 27

Islet-activating protein (IAP) is one of the pertussis toxins. The ability of IAP to cause potentiation of insulin secretory responses and promotion of leukocytosis was studied in six animal species (hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and monkeys). The action of IAP on insulin secretion in the animals was estimated by three kinds of tests: effects on epinephrine hyperglycemia, plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations following the injection of stimuli, and glucose tolerance. Of all animals tested, IAP was most effective in hamsters. Marked hyperinsulinemia was also shown in IAP-treated dogs, rats and monkeys in response to insulin secretagogues, but their sensitivity to IAP was inferior to that of hamsters. In rabbits, IAP was markedly toxic, and the effect on insulin secretion was observed only slightly at a dose close to its minimal lethal dose. In addition, no significant effects of IAP were shown in guinea pigs in the present experiment. On the other hand, leukocytosis promoting activity of IAP appeared in a dose-dependent manner in all animal species; rabbits were the most sensitive to IAP in this regard. It is concluded that both actions of IAP appear differently in different animal species, and the species difference of the effect on insulin secretory responses is in agreement with that on histamine sensitizing activity.
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PMID:Species differences in actions of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. 635 19


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