Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An animal model of food allergy has been developed in which some aspects of the allergic response could be quantified and the effects of various drugs evaluated. The change in permeability of the intestinal tract of actively sensitized rats, after oral challenge with the sensitizing antigen, was the parameter measured. Rats were sensitized by injection of egg albumin and B. pertussis vaccine to induce reaginic antibody to egg albumin. Two weeks after sensitization, 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin (125I-labelled BSA) was injected intravenously, followed by oral challenge with egg albumin. Pieces of intestinal tissue were obtained and the amount of 125I-labelled BSA determined in a gamma counter. The amount of 125I-labelled BSA in the intestinal tissue of sensitized and challenged rats regularly showed an increase of greater than 100% above values for control rats.
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PMID:Intestinal anaphylaxis in the rat as a model of food allergy. 81 92

Female C3H/HeJ mice were immunized parenterally and/or intragastrically with two important food allergens, soy and shrimp. Although both preparations elicited specific IgE production when administered intraperitoneally, anti-shrimp titers were consistently higher. Soy or shrimp administration, i.g. with Pertussis adjuvant (intraperitoneally or intragastrically) did not induce detectable reaginic antibody. Animals treated with soy intragastrically were unable to produce a soy-specific IgE response upon intraperitoneal immunization. The combination of soy and Pertussis (intragastric) did, however, abrogate this tolerizing effect on IgE synthesis. In contrast to soy, the shrimp antigens (intragastric) did not act as tolerogens and were found to enhance subsequent reaginic responses produced by intraperitoneal immunization. These results are considered with respect to mechanisms operative in food allergy.
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PMID:Soy- and shrimp-specific IgE responses in orally and intraperitoneally immunized mice. 359 18

Beta-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a clinically important antigen in cow's milk and one of the major allergens causing cow's milk allergy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been suggested to modify immune response possibly decreasing the risk of allergy to some antigens in both human and experimental animals. In the present study, we have analyzed whether the early BCG vaccination has any effect on the markers of systemic and gastrointestinal (GI) sensitization to BLG. We immunized two groups of Hooded-Lister rat puppets with intraperitoneal injections of native BLG at 43 and 62 days with pertussis vaccine as adjuvant, one group receiving additionally BCG. The animals were then fed native and denatured milk products twice weekly from 73 to 131 days of age, when they were killed. Control group was not vaccinated and received normal rat forage. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and BLG-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2a) concentrations were determined in serum samples. Spontaneous interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production from duodenal specimens were measured, and the inflammatory cells were quantitated in specimens from different sections of the GI tract. Administration of BCG simultaneously with BLG resulted in reduced IgE concentration in serum, while the specific IgG(1) and IgG(2a) antibody responses and the spontaneous secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma were not affected. Furthermore, BCG-induced eosinophilic infiltration and increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the GI mucosa, and a trend toward increased number of lamina propria mononuclear inflammatory cells in the colon (BCG compared with BLG, p = 0.09; BCG compared with controls, p = 0.02). Controls showed increment of IgG(1) response in comparison with the BLG group (p = 0.04) and increase of mucosal eosinophilic infiltration. The BCG modified the response to BLG both at the systemic level as shown by decrease of total IgE and at GI mucosa where increase of eosinophilic infiltration and increased number of IEL were seen. Increment of IgG(1) level and eosinophils in the controls might be related with the lack of modulatory effect of pertussis vaccination. A shift of response toward the lower GI tract after BCG immunization as shown by a trend for increase of mononuclear inflammatory cells in colon lamina propria mimics disease development in some cases of clinical food allergy, and emphasizes the need for evaluation of the changes in the whole GI tract in food allergy models.
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PMID:BCG vaccine modulates intestinal and systemic response to beta-lactoglobulin. 1548 15

Because Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination was added recently to most vaccination programs, no conclusive data on the relationship with atopic disorders are yet available. We sought to assess the risk of atopic disorders at ages 8-12 years associated with Hib vaccination in the first year of life, in addition to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-inactivated poliomyelitis vaccination (DTP-IPV) and other childhood vaccinations. Parents of 1,201 children attending Orthodox Reformed (Protestant) primary schools in The Netherlands returned questionnaires reporting data on vaccination status, atopic symptoms and physician-diagnosed lifetime atopic disorders (asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergy), and possible confounders. This study was conducted within the framework of a larger study on the relationship between the DTP-IPV and reported atopic disorders. The adjusted odds ratio of any atopic disorder (Hib-vaccinated/unvaccinated) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.50). For asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergy, the results were, respectively, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.55-1.43), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.47-1.90), 1.09 (95% CI, 0.75-1.58), and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.38-1.19). In conclusion, in the Dutch population, there is no indication for a higher risk of reported physician-diagnosed atopic disorders at primary schools age after Hib vaccination in the first year of life, in addition to other vaccinations.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination and reported atopic disorders in 8-12-year-old children. 1654 64

Pertussis infection has been suspected to be a potential causal factor in the development of atopic disease because of the effect of pertussis immunization on specific IgE antibodies. Although several studies found a positive association between pertussis infection and atopic disorders, this relationship has not yet been studied in a population stratified by vaccination status. To assess the association between pertussis infection and atopic disorders in pertussis-unvaccinated children and in pertussis-vaccinated children. Using data from a previously conducted study on the relationship between the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-(inactivated) poliomyelitis vaccination in the first year of life and atopic disorders, the study population of 1872 8-12 yr old was divided into children pertussis-unvaccinated and children pertussis-vaccinated in the first year of life. Within each group, the association between pertussis infection and atopic disorders (both as reported by the parents) was assessed. In the unvaccinated group, there were no significant associations between pertussis infection and atopic disorders. In the vaccinated group, all associations between pertussis infection and atopic disorders were positive, the associations with asthma [odds ratio (OR) = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI(95%)): 1.36-3.70], hay fever (OR = 2.35, CI(95%): 1.46-3.77) and food allergy (OR = 2.68, CI(95%): 1.48-4.85) being significant. There was a positive association between pertussis infection and atopic disorders in the pertussis vaccinated group only. From the present study, it cannot be concluded whether this association is causal or due to reverse causation.
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PMID:Reported pertussis infection and risk of atopy in 8- to 12-yr-old vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. 1808 16

Vaccinations have been incriminated in the increase of atopic disorders. Especially the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination is often refused by people having a notion that these infectious diseases are beneficial for a healthy development of a child's immune system. This practice endangers herd immunity and is the cause of repeated outbreaks. As the clinical course of infections and also its possible impact on the development of atopy may be different in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, we explored in vaccinated and unvaccinated children associations of MMR infection with atopic disorders. Using data from a previously conducted study on the relationship between the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-(inactivated) poliomyelitis vaccination in the first year of life and atopic disorders, the study population of 1872 8-12-yr-old was divided as children MMR-unvaccinated and children MMR-vaccinated in the first year of life. Within each group the association between MMR infections and atopic disorders (both as reported by the parents) was assessed. We found a statistically significant positive association between measles infection and 'any atopic disorder' [adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.77 (1.20-2.61)] in the MMR-vaccinated group, mainly because of the relationship with eczema. For rubella there was a negative association with eczema and food allergy in the unvaccinated group: adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.38-0.85) and 0.23 (0.07-0.76), respectively. All other associations were not statistically significant. We found a positive relationship between measles infection and any atopy in a group of MMR-vaccinated children and a negative association between rubella infection and eczema and food allergy in unvaccinated children. However, we cannot conclude that these relationships are causal. The negative association with rubella may be an artefact. This study shows no evidence for any protective effects from MMR diseases for the development of atopy and therefore supports conclusions found elsewhere that childhood vaccinations do not cause atopy.
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PMID:Measles, mumps and rubella infections and atopic disorders in MMR-unvaccinated and MMR-vaccinated children. 1826 26

The association between childhood immunizations and risk of atopic diseases is unclear. No study has examined possible associations between childhood immunizations and such diseases in middle age. The Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) is a population based cohort study of respiratory disease. The TAHS participants were followed from 7 to 44 yrs of age. Immunizations during childhood were examined for any association with asthma and atopic disease at age 44 yrs. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate relative risks while adjusting for confounders. Cox regression was used to estimate the association between childhood immunizations and asthma developing after the age of 7 yrs. We found no association between any childhood immunization (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Smallpox) and asthma (ORs ranged from 0.87 to 1.17 p > 0.05), eczema (ORs ranged from 0.99 to 1.07 p > 0.05), food allergy (ORs ranged from 0.97 to 1.11 p > 0.05), or hay fever (ORs ranged from 1.02 to 1.05 p > 0.05) at age 44. Nor did we find any association between childhood immunizations and an increased risk of incident asthma after the age of 7 yrs (Diphtheria HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.82, 1.36; Tetanus HR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.88, 1.44; Pertussis HR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81, 1.30; Polio HR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.86, 1.54; Smallpox HR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.99, 1.48; DTP HR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.85, 1.30). Our analysis does not support any association between common childhood immunizations and risk of asthma and atopic disease in middle-age. Our findings should provide reassurance that in terms of life time risk of asthma and atopic disease, childhood immunization is safe.
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PMID:Childhood immunization and atopic disease into middle-age--a prospective cohort study. 2000 61