Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Rats and mice were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae in different vaccination schedules whereafter blood eosinophils were counted. In rats a single vaccination resulted in a dose-dependent effect on the blood eosinophil count in a pattern comparable with that after Bordetella pertussis vaccination. In a long-term vaccination schedule (five times a week for 5 weeks) rats developed a constant eosinophilia. In mice a single vaccination resulted in an eosinopenia of a consistent pattern which differed from the response after Bordetella pertussis vaccination; in a long-term vaccination schedule, eosinophilia was evoked for a period of about 13 days. 2. Thirty minutes after an adrenaline injection in vaccinated rats and mice with Haemophilus influenzae, hyperglycaemic and eosinophilic responses were measured. The eosinophilic response after adrenaline was inhibited in both species; the hyperglycaemic response in rats was unaltered, in mice the response was slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. 3. The sensitivity to several drugs was tested in mice, 5 days after vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae or Bordetella pertussis. Haemophilus influenzae vaccination reduced the isoprenaline sensitivity and increased the noradrenaline sensitivity. Bordetella pertussis vaccination reduced the isoprenaline sensitivity while the sensitivity to histamine and adrenaline was raised. 4. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccinated experimental animal provides a model that is possibly more related to human atopy than the Bordetella pertussis vaccinated animal.
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PMID:Comparison of vaccination of mice and rats with Haemophilus influenzae and Bordetella pertussis as models of atopy. 31 Dec 60

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100) granules was administered to a group of pediatric patients. The new oral cephalosporin, CFPZ, was evaluated clinically in 42 pediatric patients, and a pharmacokinetic study was performed in 6 patients. Serum and urinary concentrations of CFPZ were determined in 6 patients who were given single dose of 7.5 or 15.0 mg/kg. Serum concentrations were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations were measured for periods of 0-6 hours after dosing. With oral administrations of 7.5 mg/kg and 15.0 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations were 2.13 micrograms/ml and 6.22 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 2 hours, and biological half-lives were 1.06 hours and 1.36 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates were 44.8% and 56.1%. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 41 patients including 16 patients with acute tonsillitis, 8 patients with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 3 patients with acute bronchitis, 1 patient each with pertussis, furuncle, impetigo and lymphadenitis, and 6 patients with urinary tract infections. The ages of the patients were 10 month to 11 years 1 month, and they were treated with CFPZ at doses ranging 9.0-45.0 mg/kg daily for 3-14 days, the overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.7%. An eradication rate of 79.2% was achieved for 28 strains of 8 species identified in the patients. No side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory test results obtained were eosinophilia in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefprozil granules in pediatrics]. 149 34

1. Guinea-pigs were sensitized with 3 injections of ovalbumin (OA) (1 or 10 micrograms per animal) using Al(OH)3 and pertussis vaccine as adjuvants at two week intervals. 2. Sensitized guinea-pigs were challenged with an aerosol of OA (0.1%) over a one hour period and both airway reactivity and cellular content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assessed at intervals for up to 7 days. 3. Guinea-pigs sensitized with 1 microgram of ovalbumin responded to an aerosol of OA with increased pulmonary airway eosinophilia, which was evident 1 day after challenge and was present for up to 7 days. Airway hyperreactivity was not detectable in these animals. 4. Guinea-pigs sensitized with 10 micrograms of ovalbumin responded to an aerosol of OA with increased pulmonary airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia and with increased airway reactivity which was maximal between 8 and 24 h after exposure to OA. 5. Depletion of circulating platelets or neutrophils, by use of selective antisera, did not alter either the magnitude of eosinophilia or the intensity of airway reactivity in sensitized guinea-pigs (10 micrograms) exposed to an aerosol of OA. 6. Pretreatment of sensitized guinea-pigs (10 micrograms) for 6 days with AH 21-132, aminophylline, dexamethasone or ketotifen inhibited pulmonary airway eosinophilia, but did not diminish airway hyperreactivity. Neither eosinophil accumulation nor development of airway hyperreactivity was influenced by treatment with mepyramine or salbutamol over a 6 day period before OA inhalation. 7. Although eosinophilia may occur in association with increased airway reactivity in this animal model, there is no evidence of a causal relationship.
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PMID:Antigen challenge induces pulmonary airway eosinophil accumulation and airway hyperreactivity in sensitized guinea-pigs: the effect of anti-asthma drugs. 236 Nov 68

A new oral macrolide, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 33 children. TE-031 was effective in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. The pharmacokinetic availability of TE-031 granule and tablets was much better than the older macrolides; serum half-lives of TE-031 averaged 3.2 +/- 0.25 hours (for the granule preparation). No clinical adverse reaction was encountered, but cases of transient mild elevation of the serum GPT (2 cases) and eosinophilia (2 cases) were encountered. From these preliminary data, TE-031 seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic in children]. 252 41

To test the hypothesis that the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) lasting greater than or equal to 3 days after the last antigenic exposure required repeated mediator release, we compared dose-response changes in lung resistance (RL) to acetylcholine (ACh) in animals sensitized with 1% ovalbumin (OA), 4% Bordatella pertussis aerosol and subsequently challenged with 0.5% OA aerosol twice weekly for 4-6 wk vs. animals receiving saline aerosol instead of OA. Despite antihistamine pretreatment, each OA challenge produced cyanosis and inspiratory indrawing. Blood gas analysis in six guinea pigs revealed an immediate fall in arterial PO2 (PaO2) from 104.3 +/- 4.9 to 35.4 +/- 2.2 Torr after a 1-min exposure to aerosolized OA. ACh dose-response measurements of RL 3 days after the last OA challenge demonstrated a leftward shift and an increased magnitude of response. These differences were less marked at 7 days, and by 14 days after the last OA challenge, ACh dose-response curves were not different from those of control guinea pigs. Sensitization without repeated antigen challenge did not cause hyperresponsiveness. Morphometric analysis showed significantly increased numbers of eosinophils in the epithelium of airways in hyperresponsive guinea pigs, without neutrophil infiltration or alterations in epithelium and airway wall areas. We conclude that repeated antigenic challenge, but not sensitization alone, causes prolonged AHR in guinea pigs, which is associated with tissue eosinophilia.
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PMID:Repeated antigen challenge induces airway hyperresponsiveness with tissue eosinophilia in guinea pigs. 255 77

Delayed tissue eosinophilia in DNP-ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammatory skin lesions of guinea pigs was markedly enhanced by previous treatment with alum hydroxy gel (Alum) or Bordetella pertussis vaccine. This enhancement seemed due to increased production of a lymphocyte-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) at the skin site. Treatment of animals with Alum potentiated antigen-induced in vitro ECF production by lymphoid cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph node of sensitized animals. The co-culture supernatants of lymphoid cells from Alum-treated animals also potentiated concanavalin A (Con A)-induced in vitro ECF production. The potentiating effect of Alum on ECF production seemed to be ascribed to the release of soluble factors from macrophages of the Alum-treated animals. The macrophage-derived soluble factor ECF-potentiating factor (ECF-PF) selectively potentiated ECF production but not macrophage chemotactic lymphokine production by Con A-stimulated lymphoid cells from normal animals. ECF-PF activity was associated with two separate m.w. fractions: one was 50,000 to 70,000 and the other was 10,000 to 20,000. The present study provides one of the explanations for enhanced ECF production by adjuvants, such as Alum and Bordetella pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Selective regulation of chemotactic lymphokine production. I. Selective potentiation of eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine production in alum hydroxy gel- and Bordetella pertussis vaccine-treated guinea pigs. 286 77

We studied the absorption and excretion as well as the clinical effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) dry syrup. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. When 3 pediatric patients were medicated orally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, its peak concentrations of 0.75 and 0.51 microgram/ml appeared in the blood in 30 minutes after administration in 2 patients, and of 0.21 microgram/ml in 1 hour in the other patient. At 4 hours after administration, its concentration in the blood was 0.07-0.08 microgram/ml in all of the patient, and at 6 hours, it was undetectable. T1/2 values were 1.05-2.08 hours. First 6-hour urinary recovery rates of the drug in the first 2 patients were 1.52 and 1.11%, respectively. 2. Twenty-four patients with 25 diseases were medicated with 7.14-12.5 mg/kg of the drug 3-4 times daily for 4-10 days. The patients consisted of 12 with tonsillitis, 7 with bronchitis, 3 with colitis, one each with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, and pertussis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7, good in 13, and poor in 5, with an efficacy rate of 80.0%. Bacteriologically, of 17 isolates whose changes were followed, 8 were eradicated, 1 decreased, and 8 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 47.1%. 3. No adverse reactions to the drug were observed in any of these patients, while abnormal laboratory test values observed were slight eosinophilia and also slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in one of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 63

Attempts were made to manipulate specific responses of baboons to protect them from infection with Schistosoma mansoni. In Experiment 1, eosinophilia was induced in naive baboons with Trichinella spiralis larvae given intravenously before intraperitoneal injection of globulin fractions from S. mansoni-infected baboon sera and subsequent percutaneous exposure to S. mansoni cercariae. In Experiment 2, baboons with 8- or 32-week-old primary S. mansoni infections received T. spiralis i.v. before an S. mansoni challenge. In experiments 3 to 5 respectively, naive baboons received intramuscularly before challenge: formalin-fixed S. mansoni schistosomula, with Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant; a preparation of S. mansoni adult worm teguments; and a preparation of IgE-immune complexes obtained from S. mansoni-infected rat sera, with Freunds Complete Adjuvant. Minor, but statistically insignificant, protection was obtained in Experiments 2 (32-week infections) and 3, but was far less than that given by intact, irradiated living vaccines. There are signs on the horizon of non-living vaccines protecting rodents against S. mansoni infection and it would be prudent, as with drugs, to test these in primates before proceeding to man. The results of our experiments, though essentially negative, should help the design of any future vaccine trials in primates.
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PMID:Attempts to manipulate specific responses to induce resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in Kenyan baboons (Papio anubis). 403 58

Fundamental and clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone (CTRX, Ro 13-9904) was performed in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained. The MIC of CTRX against the recently isolated 10 strains of B. pertussis was less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml at inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. The blood level of CTRX after intravenous drip infusion with 10 to 20 mg/kg for 30 minutes to 1 hour reached a peak ranging from 45.3 to 137 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. The effective blood level was maintained up to 12 hours to be 3.52 to 26.7 micrograms/ml at that time. The half-life time was over 6 hours in most cases, but the multiple intravenous dosage did not cause any elevation of the blood level. The urine excretion rate till 12 to 24 hours after intravenous drip infusion ranged from 58.2 to 84.2%. The excretion of CTRX into the cerebrospinal fluid was favorable in the acute period when administered by intravenous drip infusion in the child with S. pneumoniae purulent meningitis, which was considered to be satisfactory for treatment against the bacteria susceptible to CTRX. The active CTRX was transferred into the feces by the multiple dosage. CTRX was administered by intravenous drip infusion in 26 cases with acute pediatric infections. The clinical efficacy was observed in all the cases with upper/lower respiratory tract infections including bronchopneumonia and pertussis, and the cases with acute urinary tract infections caused by ABPC-resistant E. coli, administered by intravenous drip infusion twice daily with about 40-50 mg/kg/day. The bactericidal efficacy was seen against all bacteria except Salmonella. CTRX by intravenous drip infusion was effective against S. pneumoniae purulent meningitis; the clinical symptom was rapidly improved while the culture of causative strains from the cerebrospinal fluid turned negative. Although CTRX was clinically effective against Salmonella enteritis and typhoid, bacteriological and symptomatological relapses were observed in some cases. An increase in dose of CTRX is considered to be needed for these diseases. No adverse reaction was found clinically but soft stool in 1 case while eosinophilia and thrombocytosis were observed each in 1 out of 30 cases in laboratory test. The efficacy was good or higher in all the 26 cases (100%) administered by intravenous drip infusion. The above-mentioned results indicate that CTRX is useful in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Evaluation on ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. 609 3

The regulation of tissue eosinophilia induced by dinitrophenyl-ascaris extract (DNP-As) was investigated in guinea-pigs. Biphasic tissue eosinophilia peaking at 6 and 24 hr was observed in the skin lesions in Bordetella pertussis vaccine (Bp)-treated animals. In contrast, only the early phase of tissue eosinophilia was observed in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-treated animals. Although less eosinophil chemotactic activity was detected in 24-hr-old skin extract of FCA-treated animals (FCA-extract), evident activity was recovered in the concanavalin A eluate (Con A-eluate) when FCA-extract was fractionated by Con A Sepharose. The chemotactic factor in Con A-eluate of FCA-extract was confirmed to be the T cell-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor, termed Delayed ECF-a, which has been isolated from allergic skin lesions by immunoadsorption. Another factor from the same skin lesions, Delayed ECF-b (which is a serum-derived one), was not detected in the FCA-extract. When eosinophils were mixed or pretreated with Con A-effluent of FCA-extract, the treated cells failed to be attracted by Delayed ECF-a, while the response to Delayed ECF-b was not affected, indicating that the inhibition was selective for Delayed ECF-a but not for Delayed ECF-b, and the eosinophil chemotactic inhibitory factor (ECIF) acts on eosinophils directly. Major ECIF activity was associated with a mol. wt. of 70,000 and minor with 12,500. Furthermore, the activity was absorbed by eosinophils but not by macrophages suggesting that eosinophils have receptor sites for ECIF. It was thus suggested that the appearance of ECIF, which is selective for the response of eosinophils to Delayed ECF-a, and decreased Delayed ECF-b production resulted in the inhibition of delayed tissue eosinophilia in FCA-treated guinea-pigs.
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PMID:The regulation of tissue eosinophil chemotactic factor and inhibitor in allergic skin lesions of Freund's complete adjuvant-treated guinea-pigs. 636 42


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