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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The National Childhood Encephalopathy Study received reports on 1182 cases of serious acute neurological illnesses in children admitted to hospital in Britain. The frequency of risk factors in cases was compared with matched controls. A personal or family history of convulsions was found significantly more often in cases than in controls, but no such excess was found for a history of allergy. Case children were significantly more likely to have received diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine within seven days before onset and to have a history of whooping cough during the month of onset. The risk of serious acute brain conditions after the disease was more than six times that of three doses of DTP. In addition, there is evidence that deaths attributed to whooping cough may seriously underestimate the number associated with pertussis infection.
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PMID:Pertussis vaccine and whooping cough as risk factors in acute neurological illness and death in young children. 387 84

Post-vaccination symptoms in 6,004 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 4,024 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria and Tetanus (DT) vaccine have been compared. Although crying, screaming and fever were slightly more frequent after adsorbed DTP than adsorbed DT, attacks of high-pitched screaming, episodes of pallor and hypotonia, convulsions, other neurological disorders and sudden infant death occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. No specific neurological effect attributable to the pertussis component was found.
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PMID:Post-vaccination symptoms following DTP and DT vaccination. 387 85

The Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following Immunization became fully operational in late 1978 in all 50 States, New York City and Washington, D.C. This system compiles information on adverse events temporally associated (within four weeks) to the administration of a vaccine. A total of 2,062 reports of adverse events following diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) were received between 1979 and 1982. The number of reports received in 1979 was 387, increasing to 707 reports in 1982. The increase is predominantly in local reactions and fever. The number of persons with serious illnesses temporally associated with vaccine remained relatively constant over the four year period. The overall rate of reported adverse events following DTP (70.8 per million doses administered in the public sector) was about twice that of Td (33.5) or DT (38.4); however it was not substantially different from those following measles- or rubella-containing vaccines. Those who had convulsions (whether febrile or non-febrile) following receipt of DTP vaccine were substantially more likely to have had a personal history of convulsions than those who had a non-neurologic adverse event following DTP (p less than 0.0001). This information, along with data from the literature, has led to recent recommendations by advisory groups in the United States that any infant or child with a personal history of convulsions should be thoroughly evaluated before initiating or continuing immunization with pertussis vaccine.
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PMID:Adverse events following immunization with DTP vaccine. 387 86

The incidence and type of reactions after administration of plain and adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine were recorded in a blind controlled prospective study of 2041 vaccinations in 1075 infants receiving routine childhood immunization. There was no significant difference in the total incidence or type of general reactions after plain and adsorbed vaccine, but local reactions were significantly less frequent after plain vaccine. General reactions were recorded after 41.5% of vaccinations with plain vaccine and after 40.8% of vaccinations with adsorbed vaccine. Local reactions were reported in 66.7% and 76.5% of recipients respectively. The most commonly reported systemic reactions were irritability and fever. Three recipients of plain vaccine and one of adsorbed vaccine suffered hyporesponsiveness or collapse. One recipient of each vaccine suffered a convulsion. No persisting sequelae were recorded.
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PMID:The incidence and type of reactions to plain and adsorbed DTP vaccines. 389 84

An ad hoc panel of the American Medical Association prepared a report to identify severe, irreversible pertussis vaccine reactions and to establish criteria for attributing such reactions to the vaccine. Severe but reversible reactions, their likely duration and effects, and the clinical criteria for attribution were also examined. Three types of reactions which may produce residual brain damage lasting more than one year are encephalopathy, complex febrile convulsions, and afebrile convulsions. Serious pertussis vaccine reactions which are unlikely to have persistent adverse effects are simple febrile convulsions, anaphylaxis, and shock collapse. The panel also noted that there is no evidence that killed vaccine such as the pertussis vaccine can cause any insidious, delayed harmful effects.
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PMID:Pertussis vaccine injury. AMA Ad Hoc Panel on Pertussis Vaccine Injury. 405 31

Voluntary reporting of vaccine reactions was intensified in a single large region for 7 years Anaphylaxis and collapse, convulsion, and neurological disorder were reported most frequently after diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP). The greater frequency of recorded reactions after DTP than after DT could have been due to bias caused by the adverse publicity accorded to pertussis vaccine, since no major difference was found when the immunisation histories of children admitted to hospital with such conditions were compared. No convincing evidence that DTP caused major neurological damage emerged from this large and lengthy study.
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PMID:A 7-year survey of disorders attributed to vaccination in North West Thames region. 613 93

Symptoms after routine primary immunisation of 6004 infants with diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 4024 infants with diphtheria/tetanus (DT) vaccine have been compared. After each dose, crying, screaming, and feverishness were more frequent with adsorbed DTP than adsorbed DT, but the difference was small. Attacks of high-pitched screaming, episodes of pallor or cyanosis with limpness, convulsions, and local reactions occurred with similar frequency after both vaccines. There was a considerable increase in local reactions after the 3rd dose with both vaccines. Over 1000 doses of plain DTP (with no aluminium hydroxide adjuvant) were given during the study. Post-vaccination symptoms were more common after the plain than after the 2 adsorbed preparations.
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PMID:Symptoms after primary immunisation with DTP and with DT vaccine. 614 44

The literature concerning efficacy and side effects of pertussis vaccines is reviewed. With few exceptions, most vaccines induce a protective immunity lasting for 2 to 5 years. The large-scale use of pertussis vaccines has markedly contributed to the decrease in pertussis morbidity in small children but in some countries the incidence has increased in older children. Not even countries with immunisation rates of 90-95% have managed to eradicate pertussis or prevent disease in infants below the age of immunisation. The pertussis-associated mortality is currently very low in the industrialised countries and no differences can be discerned when countries with high, low and zero immunisation rates are compared. Local and benign systemic reactions are commonly seen after immunisation. The vaccines also sometimes cause convulsions, a shock-like state and, rarely, serious neurological reactions.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis whole cell vaccines--efficacy and toxicity. 638 Feb 11

The neuropathological aspects of vaccination against pertussis have been analysed. This has been done partly by considering the previous literature and partly by searching for data on any child whose death since 1960 has been thought to have a possible relationship to the vaccination. Twenty-nine in due course were identified on whom a post-mortem examination had been made. Eighteen had died within 3 weeks of inoculation - the remaining eleven had survived the initial illness but had remained retarded, epileptic and disabled. Although a variety of cerebral abnormalities were found, neither those recorded in the present study nor those abstracted from previous case reports, have demonstrated a recurring pattern of inflammatory or other damage which could be accepted as a specific reaction to immunization against whooping cough. Those reactive changes that were occasionally found appear to be indistinguishable from those seen in many other infantile encephalopathies occurring as the result of a hypoxic/ischaemic state supervening on a complex of respiratory complications, fever and convulsions.
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PMID:Immunization against whooping cough: a neuropathological review. 662 99

The first 1000 cases notified to the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were analysed. The diagnoses included encephalitis/encephalopathy, prolonged convulsions, infantile spasms, and Reye's syndrome. Eighty-eight of the children had had a recent infectious disease, including 19 with pertussis. Only 35 of the notified children (3.5%) had received pertussis antigen within seven days before becoming ill. Of 1955 control children matched for age, sex, and area of residence, 34 (1.7%) had been immunised with pertussis vaccine within the seven days before the date on which they became of the same age as the corresponding notified child. The relative risk of a notified child having had pertussis immunisation within that time interval was 2.4 (p less than 0.001). Of the 35 notified children, 32 had no previous neurological abnormality. A year later two had died, nine had developmental retardation, and 21 were normal. A significance association was shown between serious neurological illness and pertussis vaccine, though cases were few and most children recovered completely.
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PMID:Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. 678 80


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