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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the role of fimbriae in bacterial disease has been well established, little is known about the function of Bordetella pertussis fimbriae. To study this function, well-defined fimbrial mutants were constructed. B. pertussis harbours three fimbrial genes, fim2, fim3 and fimX, and strains were constructed in which one or more fimbrial genes were inactivated by means of gene replacement. Analysis of these strains by means of immunoblotting suggested the presence of a fourth fimbrial gene, tentatively designated fimY. A fimbrial mutant was analysed in a mouse respiratory infection model, together with a strain harbouring a deletion in the gene for the filamentous haemagglutinin. Both mutants were affected in their ability to persist in the trachea. Persistence in the nasopharynx was only affected by the mutation in the filamentous haemagglutinin gene. Neither the filamentous haemagglutinin nor the fimbrial mutants were affected in their ability to persist in the lung. Our results suggest that the filamentous haemagglutinin plays a more crucial role than fimbriae in the colonization of the upper respiratory tract of the mouse.
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PMID:Construction and analysis of Bordetella pertussis mutants defective in the production of fimbriae. 135 44

To investigate the possibility that there might be an increased risk of heterologous invasive bacterial disease after routine childhood immunization with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine live; diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; and oral poliovirus vaccine live, a case-control study was conducted within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California pediatric population. Contrary to the premise, an apparent protective effect against invasive bacterial disease was detected after all childhood vaccinations. However, when adjustment was made for frequency of well-care visits and day-care attendance, no significant relationship was seen between receipt of routine childhood immunizations and risk of invasive heterologous bacterial disease for any individual vaccine, although a statistically significant protective effect was detected within 1 or 3 months after the receipt of any vaccine. Since a decreased risk of invasive bacterial disease was also noted to be related to the receipt of routine well-child pediatric care, other preventive health care measures may be responsible for the apparent immunization protective effect.
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PMID:Apparent decreased risk of invasive bacterial disease after heterologous childhood immunization. 164 57

In October 1984 in Sweden, a phase II trial of Biken acellular Pertussis vaccine was started and in 1986, a phase III trial of the same vaccine was begun. During the phase III trial, there were three cases of deaths out of 1,385 of study children at two, four and ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, due to severe invasive bacterial infections such as H. influenzae, Pneumococcus, or Meningococcus infection. A number of arguments arose about the results of the Phase III trial. No one can either prove or disprove the association between invasive bacterial infection and administration of acellular pertussis vaccine. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the side effects of Biken acellular DPT vaccine. The pediatricians inquired about the physical status of the children who received Biken acellular DPT vaccine. During the observation period, three out of 940 infants suffered from infectious diseases. One suffered from measles, the other from varicella and the last from mumps. Our retrospective study did not reveal any severe invasive bacterial infection cases cases such as the ones experienced in Sweden.
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PMID:Safety follow-up in a cohort of Biken acellular DPT vaccine recipients in Japan. 177 26

A two-part study was carried out in Alaskan Native children to evaluate the potential risk of invasive bacterial disease and the occurrence of minor illnesses after immunization with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTP). First, a case-control comparison was performed with 186 children who had invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b or Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (cases) and 186 healthy controls matched for sex, region of residence, birth date, and number of DTP immunizations. The proportion of cases and controls immunized in the 30-day period before onset of disease for cases or reference date for controls was identical, suggesting no association with DTP immunization. In a second analysis, the occurrence of any illness, particularly infectious diseases, in 104 study subjects was compared for the period 30 days before and after 377 DTP immunizations. The rate of illness before immunization was 53%, and after immunization, 43%, again suggesting no causative effects from DTP immunization. Despite the high rates of invasive bacterial disease and nearly compete DTP immunization status in this population, no consistent relationship could be demonstrated between DTP immunization and susceptibility to infectious diseases.
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PMID:DTP immunization and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Is there a relationship? 205 5

Release of eicosanoids is an important response of macrophages to inflammation and bacterial infection. At low concentrations, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1-2 micrograms/ml) fails to stimulate eicosanoid release in resident peritoneal macrophages but primes the macrophages for a greatly enhanced release of eicosanoids on stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 (0.1 microM) or with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (50 nM), an activator of protein kinase C. Incubation of macrophages with Bordetella pertussis toxin, prior to priming with lipopolysaccharide, inhibited the release of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products upon A23187 stimulation. Pertussis toxin treatment of macrophages had no effect on eicosanoid release when the stimulus was phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The presence of 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an effective inhibitor of protein kinase C, during lipopolysaccharide priming and subsequent stimulation significantly inhibited eicosanoid release when phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was the stimulus, but did not affect eicosanoid release stimulated by A23187. Based on these results, at least two mechanisms, distinguished by apparent differences in sensitivity to pertussis-toxin-sensitive, guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins and protein kinase C, are involved in eicosanoid secretion by lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages in response to A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
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PMID:Pertussis toxin and H-7 distinguish mechanisms involved in eicosanoid release from lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. Eicosanoid release from lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. 210 89

Bronchiectasis has come to be considered as a type of sinobronchial syndrome in Japan, but there exist some cases without chronic sinusitis. We studied the clinical features of 14 cases of bronchiectasis with definitely normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram, diagnosed during the past ten years. There were eleven middle-aged women and three men. Ten patients (71%) complained of hemoptysis, one (7%) of dry cough, one (7%) of productive cough, and the two (14%) had no complaint. In seven patients (50%) CT and bronchography showed localized cylindrical bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and/or left upper lobe lingular division. They were considered to be middle lobe lingular syndrome. Three patients (22%) with localized varicose or cystic bronchiectasis had a history of pneumonia or pertussis in their infancy, so their bronchiectasis were considered secondary to infantile bronchopulmonary disease. Two patients (14%) had diffuse cystic bronchiectasis and were almost asymptomatic. They might be cases congenital bronchiectasis or Williams-Campbell syndrome. Pulmonary function tests were normal in most of the cases and sputum culture revealed no cases of persistent bacterial infection. These clinical features are quite different from those of bronchiectasis reported as sinobronchial syndrome, in which chronic productive cough, poor pulmonary function, persistent bacterial infection, etc. are significant. So we conclude that there are two distinct groups in bronchiectasis.
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PMID:[Bronchiectasis with normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram]. 221 98

Incubation of human leukocytes with a urea extract of Bordetella pertussis led to inhibition of zymosan-induced leukotriene generation. The proteins in this extract are known to include an adenylate cyclase which suppresses certain defense mechanisms of leukocytes against bacterial invasion. The formation of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4, induced by serum-coated zymosan, was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 75 micrograms of urea-extracted proteins/ml cell suspension. This suppression by the bacterial urea extract was rapid, with the maximum effect occurring in the first min of incubation. The reduction in leukotriene generation was accompanied by a dramatic increase in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Since leukotrienes are potent pro-inflammatory compounds, the present study indicates that Bordetella pertussis-induced suppression of leukotriene formation might be an important factor in the increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, which occurs as a result of this disease.
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PMID:Suppression of leukotriene synthesis in human leukocytes by a urea extract of Bordetella pertussis: evidence for mediation by adenylate cyclase toxin. 285 62

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a major cause of serious bacterial infection in early childhood. In many developed countries it is the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age. Serum antibodies to the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule, the main virulence factor of Hib, are protective, but the early vaccines containing purified PRP were poorly immunogenic in young children. However, 'second generation' protein conjugate vaccines have been shown to be immunogenic, effective and safe in young children. No serious adverse reactions to Hib vaccine have been reported to date. Clinically, the vaccine is indicated in the first few months of life and can be given at the same time as a primary course of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) immunisation. The vaccine should be given by deep subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. The only specific contraindication is a history of severe local reaction or a general reaction to previous Hib vaccination. Routine immunisation of infants under 6 months of age against Hib has become part of the regular primary schedule in many countries. In Finland this has resulted in a dramatic decline in Hib meningitis.
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PMID:Rational use of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. 769 29

Purified Bordetella pertussis antigens, encapsulated in biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) microspheres, were evaluated for their immunogenicity and ability to elicit a protective immune response against B. pertussis respiratory infection. Microencapsulated pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin all retained their immunogenicity when administered parenterally. Intranasal immunization with a low dose (1 micrograms) of encapsulated filamentous hemagglutinin, pertussis toxoid, or pertactin elicited strong specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibody responses in respiratory secretions that were greater in magnitude than the responses elicited by the same doses of unencapsulated antigen. Intranasal immunization with as little as 1 micrograms of encapsulated pertussis antigen prior to infection reduced the bacterial recovery by 3 log10 CFU. However, intranasal immunization with the same low doses of unencapsulated antigens did not reduce infection. Intranasal administration of a combination of 1 micrograms of each of the microencapsulated pertussis antigens was more effective in reducing bacterial infection than administration of any single microencapsulated antigen. Intranasal administration of microencapsulated B. pertussis antigens elicits high levels of specific antibody coinciding with protection against infection when these microspheres are administered to the respiratory tract. These data provide evidence of the respiratory adjuvanticity of three different DL-PLC microsphere preparations, each of which contains a unique B. pertussis antigen.
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PMID:Adjuvanticity and protective immunity elicited by Bordetella pertussis antigens encapsulated in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. 789 Mar 72

Several studies have questioned whether vaccination, especially against pertussis, increases the risk of invasive bacterial disease in young children in the immediate postvaccination period. In most cases, the antecedent of invasive bacterial disease is occult bacteremia. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study of children seen in an emergency department to determine whether there was an increased risk of occult bacteremia associated with recent vaccination. The case patients were obtained from an ongoing multicenter study of antibiotics for the management of suspected occult bacteremia; two age-matched controls were chosen for each case patient, consisting of one series of febrile nonbacteremic children and a second series of nonfebrile children with noninfectious complaints. The intervals from most recent vaccination to emergency department presentation were compared among case and control patients using the two-tailed t test. There was no significant difference in the time since last vaccination with any antigen, or with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis in particular, among the case patients and patients in either control series. Recent vaccination was not associated with increased susceptibility to occult bacteremia among these children.
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PMID:Does recent vaccination increase the risk of occult bacteremia? 805 55


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